Balochi Standard Alphabet
The Balochi Standard Alphabet (Balochi: بلۏچی استانداردݔن سیاھگ),(Romanized: Balòci Estàndàrdèn Siyàhag) is a writing system used for the Balochi language spoken in Balochistan, a region spanning parts of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. This writing system is derived from the Persian alphabet, itself derived from the Arabic script.
| Balochi Standard Alphabet بلۏچی استانداردݔن اب Balòci Estàndàrdèn Ab | |
|---|---|
 a writing with Balochi Standard Alphabet(Balòrabi) | |
| Script type | Abjad
|
| Languages | Balochi, Bashkardi,Garmsiri |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
| Balochi Standard Alphabet |
|---|
| ا ب پ ت ٹ ج چ د ڈ ر ز ژ س ش ک گ ل م ن و ۏ ہ (ھ) ء ی ے (ݔ) |
|
Extended Perso-Arabic script |
Alphabet
The Balochi alphabet, standardized by Balochi Academy Sarbaz, consists of 32 letters.[1]
Script Correspondence Table
| Romanization | Letter | IPA | Romanized Examples | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Final | Medial | Initial | Isolated | |||
| A / a | ـہَ | َـ | اَ | اَ / ہَ | /a/ | Aps (horse), Apserk (cold) |
| À / à | ـا | ـا | آ | آ / ا | /ɑ/ | Àp (water), Àmàd (ready) |
| B / b | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | ب | /b/ | Bàl (wing), Bàsk (arm) |
| C / c | ـچ | ـچـ | چـ | چ | /t͡ʃ/ | Coll (channel) |
| D / d | ـد | د | /d/ | Dast (hand) | ||
| Ď / ď | ـڈ | ڈ | /ɖ/ | Ďòk (heavy), Ďèl (donkey), Ďæns (dance) | ||
| E / e | ـہِ | ـِ | اِ | اِ / ہِ | /e/ | Ezm (art), Ezmkàr (artist),Ensàn (Human) |
| È / è | ـے | ـݔـ | ݔـ | ݔ/ے | /ɪ/ - /eː/ | Èràn (Iran) |
| G / g | ـگ | ـگـ | گـ | گ | /g/ | Guhàr (sister), Gal (happy), Gall (group) |
| H / h | ـہ | ـھـ | ھـ | ھ / ہ | /h/ | Hapt (seven), Hodà (god) |
| I/i | ـی | ـیـ | ایـ | ی/ای | /i/ | Pir (old), Sir (wedding) |
| J / j | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ج | /d͡ʒ/ | Jost (question), Jàh (place) |
| K / k | ـک | ـکـ | کـ | ک | /k/ | Kaur (river), Kam (little) |
| L / l | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | ل | /l/ | Laiť (lamp) |
| M / m | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | م | /m/ | Mam (beer), Mà (we, us), Man (I) |
| N / n | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | ن | /n/ | Nàl (Balochi promise), Nend (to Seat) |
| O / o | ـہُ | ُـ | اُ | اُ/ہُ | /o/ | Poll (flower) |
| Ò / ò | ـۏ | ـۏ | اۏ | ۏ / اۏ | /ɯ/ - /oː/ | Òpàr (hope), Òdà (there) |
| P / p | ـپ | ـپـ | پـ | پ | /p/ | Pàd (foot), Pašk (shirt) |
| R / r | ـر | ر | /ɾ/ | Rang (color), Ròp (clean), Ròpag (cleaner) | ||
| S / s | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | س | /s/ | Sàng (marriage) |
| Š / š | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | ش | /ʃ/ | Šap (night) |
| T / t | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | ت | /t/ | Tors (fear) |
| Ť / ť | ـٹ | ـٹـ | ٹـ | ٹ | /ť/ | Ťulàsk (tower) |
| U / u | ـوُ | اُو | وُ/اُو | /u/ | Nuh (nine) | |
| W / w | ـو | و | /w/ | Wàd (salt) Waď (kind) | ||
| Y / y | ـی | ـیـ | یـ | ی | /j/ | Yak (one) |
| Z / z | ـز | ز | /z/ | Zend (live), Zit (soon), Zòr (power) | ||
| Ž / ž | ـژ | ژ | /ʒ/ | Žand (tired) | ||
Some digraphs in Balochi writing
Balochi also has 3 digraphs set by Balochi Academy Sarbaz in Standard Alphabets:[2]
| Romanization | Letter of Digraphs | IPA | Romanized Examples | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Final | Medial | Initial | Isolated | |||
| Æ / æ | ـئ | ـئـ | ئـ | ئ | /ɛ/ | Sæ (three), Æš, Pæl (action), Bænk (Bank) |
| Ai / ai | ـئی | ـئیـ | ائیـ | ئی | /ɑiː/ | Taig (yours), Mai (my), Aid (Eid) |
| Au / au | ـؤ | ـؤ | اؤ | ؤ | /ɑuː/ | Augàn(afghan), Kaur (river) |
Arabic diacritics in Balochi writing
Arabic diacritics are used in Balochi, as with other scripts derived from Arabic:
| Marks | Name | Example words | Purpose / effect | Pronouncing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| َ◌ | zabar | ڈَک، مَچ، گرَنچ، دَنز | Adding vowel | /a/ |
| ِ◌ | zèr | کِرّ، سِلّ، ھِنگ، تِچک | Adding vowel | /e/ |
| ُ◌ | pèš | پُلّ، کُرت، کُمب | Adding vowel | /o/ |
| ّ◌ | šadd | گُٹّ، پُلّ، گَلّ | Consonant gemination | |
| ٚ◌ | gowanďi | دَنٚز، کَمٚب، اَمٚب، سیاھݔنٚ | Nasal vowel | /◌̃/ |
Balochi Numbers
Balochi number is look like persian numbers with a little difference
| Number | Balochi | Number Name |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | ۰ | ھِچ |
| 1 | ۱ | یَک |
| 2 | ۲ | دوٚ |
| 3 | ۳ | سئ |
| 4 | ۴ | چار |
| 5 | ۵ | پَنچ |
| 6 | ۶ | شَش |
| 7 | ۷ | ھَپت |
| 8 | ۸ | ھَشت |
| 9 | ۹ | نُھ |
Notes
Some dialects of Balochi very infrequently use the voiced retroflex flap, meaning ڑ. Due to its immense rarity in Balochi, most orthographies of the language leave out glyphs for the phoneme. When written however, it is usually represented with ر.
This alphabet uses two completely separate and new glyphs to represent the long close front unrounded vowel (/iː/). For the initial and medial forms, ݔ is used. This glyph is based on the initial/medial form of the Perso-Arabic "Ye":
(یـ/ـیـ), the difference being the dot above it. Meanwhile for the final form, ے is used, which is also based on ی and is called "Big ye"; it is from Urdu. Sometimes there is خ, meaning /x/.
Vowels
in standard alphabets have 11 vowels,
/a/,/ɑ/,/e/,/ɪ/,/i/,/o/,/ɯ/,/u/,/ɛ/,/ɑiː/,/ɑuː/
The difference in writing between old Balochi and standard Balochi
In standardized Balochi, letters from old Balochi have been removed and some new letters have been added, The added letters are:
- ݔ Cappi Yà or Arabic yā letter with a dot on it, which is the same at the beginning and middle of the word, and at the end of the word, the letter ے is used only, which existed in old Balochi.
- ۏ Cappi Wà or Wāw letter with a dot added on it
And also in standard Balochi, the letter ڑ is merged with the letter ڈ
In the table below, you can see the difference between old and standard writing:
| English | Balòrabi | Ballàtin | Old style |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baloch | بلۏچ | Balòc | بلوچ |
| Revenge | بݔر | Bèr | بیر |
| Balochistan | بلۏچستان | Balòcestàn | بلوچستان |
| You | تؤ | Tau | تو |
| Rain | ھؤر | Haur | ھور |
| With together | ھۏر | Hòr | ھور |
| nymph | ھور | Hur | ھور |
"ݔ" Letter using
Cappi Yà (ݔ ے ࢩ) is one of the standard letters of the Balochi language, which was added to the standard Balochi alphabets by the Balochi Academy Sarbaz. In the old Balochi alphabet, this letter is given as یْ, but in some others, it is also given as ڃ and یٚ.[3]
References
- "Balochi Standarded Alphabet". BalochiAcademy.ir. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- "[Aesà] Special characters in Balochi Standard Alphabets". BalochiAcademy.ir. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- "Balochi Alphabets by Ayoub Ayoubi". ayoob673.blogfa.com. Retrieved 12 July 2021.