Battle of Pločnik

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Battle of Pločnik
Part of the Ottoman wars in Europe

Central Balkans in 1373-1395. The battle was fought near Prokuplje.
DateSometime between 1385 and 1387[A]
Location
Pločnik
Result Serbian victory
Belligerents
Moravian Serbia
Bosnian Kingdom		 Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Lazar Hrebeljanović Lala Şahin Pasha or Şahin Bey
Strength
c. 15,000 c. 20,000 in total
Casualties and losses
Small casualties 12,000 killed

The Battle of Pločnik was fought sometime between 1385 and 1387[A] near the village of Pločnik (near Prokuplje in today's southeastern Serbia), between the forces of Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, and the invading Ottoman Army of Sultan Murad I.[1]

Background

The Ottoman army penetrated Pomoravlje and neighbouring areas, killing and looting, then clashed with the subjects of Lazar at Dubravnica (1381), where they were successfully fought off.[2] With a larger force, the Ottoman Sultan Murad I attacked Serbia in 1386, when according to some sources Niš was conquered.[3]

Murad I had campaigned against the Karamanids and defeated their army near Konya.[4] Serbian soldiers from some vassal Serbian lords had accompanied the Ottoman army.[4] Some of the soldiers (including some Serbian soldiers) were executed because of looting civilian property, disobeying the Sultan's order.[4] Many of the vassal Serbian lords now began to support Lazar against the Ottomans.[4] At that time, one lord in Shkodër wrote a letter to the Sultan and promised to recognise Ottoman sovereignty and aid the Ottoman army if Ottoman troops were to be sent to protect him.[4] Murad I thus ordered an akinji commander, Kula Şahin Bey, to prepare his troops (according to Namık Kemal, this was not Lala Şahin Paşa, as is commonly believed).[4]

Battle

The Serbian army emerged victorious, although details of the actual battle are scarce. Şahin Bey entered Serbia with 20,000 akinjis at that time he learned that Serbian lords had prepared an army to attack his troops. He advanced to Pločnik near Prokuplje but could not detect the position of that army, and believed that there was none. At that time, many akinjis (about 18,000) lost their temper and began looting civilian properties in the surrounding villages by disobeying orders. Şahin Bey stayed alone with 2,000 soldiers.[4] On the other hand, the battlefield was observed by Serbian expeditionary forces.

Suddenly an allied army with 15,000 soldiers appeared, many of whom were cavalry. The Serbian army used heavy knight cavalry charge with horse archers on the flanks. The Serbs first attacked the Ottoman center (2,000 soldiers). Although unprepared, suffering a shock to heavy Serbian knights, the outnumbered Ottoman center resisted for some time but later began to withdraw with Şahin Bey[4] who barely escaped with his life.

Then the Serbian army turned to the other 18,000 akinjis that were busy plundering; unprepared, ill-disciplined, surprised akinjis couldn't do anything without their general. Only 5,000 of them returned home alive.[4] More than 60% of the Ottoman army was destroyed. According to tradition Serbian knight and folk hero Miloš Obilić participated in this battle and distinguished himself,[5] and was wounded by an Ottoman arrow.

According to some, such as historian Vjekoslav Klaić, Lazar's army was aided by Bosnian troops.[6] One version of the battle has it that the battle was won thanks to the Bosnian troops and the trickery of a Kastrioti.[7]

Aftermath

The victory gave prestige to the Serbs. It was the first serious defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkans.[4] The Ottoman army next campaigned in Bosnia, fighting Bosnian troops led by Vlatko Vuković and Radič Sanković at Bileća (1388), ending in a decisive Bosnian victory, then in Kosovo, fighting Serbian troops at the Kosovo field (1389), ending inconclusively. Murad had decided to make one more powerful thrust, aimed at the heart of the now seemingly revitalised Serbian Empire, with a campaign in 1389 which culminated in a Battle of Kosovo.

See also

Annotations
  1. ^
    There are several estimations on the year of the battle. 1385 according to Sima Ćirković;[8] 1386 according to Jovanka Kalić[3] and Marko Šuica;[9] 1387 according to Kemal Namık.[4]

References
  1. Μήτσιου, Αικατερίνη; Popovic, Mihailo; Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes; Simon, Alexandru (2010). "Annus mirabilis 1387: King Sigismund, the Ottomans and the Orthodox Christians in the Late 1380s and Early 1390s". Emperor Sigismund and the orthodox world. Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 127, 128, 132. ISBN 978-3-7001-6685-6. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  2. Kalić 1984, p. 31; Stojanović 1927, p. 214
  3. Kalić 1984, p. 31.
  4. Namık 1982, p. ?.
  5. Mirčetić, Dragoljub (1994). Vojna istorija Niša. Vol. 1–3. Prosveta. p. 102. ISBN 9788774551522.
  6. Klaić, Vjekoslav; Macan, Trpimir (1981). Povijest Hrvata od najstarijih vremena do svršetka XIX stoljeća. Nakladni zavod MH. p. 288.
  7. Đerić 1989, p. 25.
  8. Ćirković 1990, p. 64.
  9. Šuica 2011, p. 234.

Sources
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