Afro-Spaniards

Afro-Spaniards are Spanish citizens of Sub-Saharan African descent. The term may include Spaniards of Afro-Caribbean and African American descent, but often excludes Black Spaniards of Latin American origin. It almost always excludes Spaniards of North African origin. The specific number of Spaniards of Sub-Saharan Africa origin is unknown due to the fact that the Spanish government does not collect data on ethnicity or racial self-identification.

Afro-Spaniards
Total population
1,322,625 (Of those ~300,000 are Black Sub-Saharan African)
Regions with significant populations
Andalusia, Catalonia, the Balearics, the Canaries, Madrid, Murcia, Valencia
Languages
Spanish; English, French, Portuguese, various languages of Africa
Religion
Predominantly Christian (mainly Roman Catholic), Sunni Islam, Traditional African religions, others, nonreligious
Related ethnic groups
African people, Spanish Equatoguinean, Cape Verdean Spanish, Afro-European

In 2008, the largest numbers of African immigrants came from Morocco (71,141), Senegal (10,568), Algeria (5,592), Nigeria (4,855), Mali (3,502), Gambia (2,512), Equatorial Guinea (2,213), Ghana (1,922), Guinea (1,729), and Mauritania (1,577).[1]

Defining Afro-Spaniards

There are currently 1,301,296 people Spanish residents who were born in countries in the African continent, excluding the 1,802,810 born in Ceuta, Melilla, and the Canary Islands, which are Spanish provinces, and, in the case of Ceuta and Melilla, part of Andalusia. They are geographically located in Africa.

Out of these, 294,343 are Spanish citizens and 1,006,953 are foreign residents. The large majority of these originate in Morocco. There are 934,046 Moroccan born residents in Spain of which 223,590 are Spaniards and 710,457 are foreign residents. However, Moroccans being North Africans, they are usually not considered as Afro-Spaniards unless they are Black Moroccans, or have visible physical features usually associated with Black peoples. Non-Moroccan African-born residents in Spain thus number 367,250 of which 70,753 are Spanish citizens and 296,497 are foreign residents.[2][3]

According to the national statistics agency, in 2019 there were 361,000 residents in Spain whose mother was born in an African country excluding Morocco. Out of these 91,000 were Spanish citizens.[4]

History

African populations have known to exist continuously in what is now Spain since pre-Roman times,[5] with a major influx of Africans occurring during the Islamic period. African admixture – primarily Berber and Arab admixture from North Africa – is dated to the Muslim period of the Middle Age, and averages from 10 to 12% in the south and west to ~3% in the northeast, dropping to close to 0% in a cluster found in the Basque region.[6] Canary Islander Spaniards have significantly higher levels of both North African and Sub-Saharan ancestry, ranging from averages of 14% to 35% and which originates both in the indigenous Guanche people and the subsequent slave trade.[7]

Notable people
Concha Buika

Academics

Artists and writers

Explorers and conquistadores

In entertainment and media

Philanthropists

Politicians

In sports

See also

Sources
  • Appiah, Kwame Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, Jr.(1999). Africana: the Encyclopedia of African and African American Experience. Basic Civitas Books, pp. 1769–1773. ISBN 0-465-00071-1.

References
  1. African Immigrants in Contemporary Spanish Texts: Crossing the Strait.
  2. "Población residente según nacionalidad y país de nacimiento del padre y la madre". Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  3. "Población (Españoles/Extranjeros) por país de nacimiento y sexo". Archived from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  4. "Inmigración en España". Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  5. Olalde, Iñigo; et al. (2019). "The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years". Science. 363 (6432): 1230–1234. Bibcode:2019Sci...363.1230O. doi:10.1126/science.aav4040. PMC 6436108. PMID 30872528.
  6. Bycroft, Clare; et al. (2019). "Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 551. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..551B. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w. PMC 6358624. PMID 30710075.
  7. Guillen Guio, Beatriz; et al. (2019). "Genomic Analyses of Human European Diversity at the Southwestern Edge: Isolation, African Influence and Disease Associations in the Canary Islands". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 10 (1): 551. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..551B. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w. PMC 6358624. PMID 30710075.
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