Bonifacio Monument

The Andrés Bonifacio Monument, commonly known simply as Bonifacio Monument or Monumento, is a memorial monument in Caloocan, Philippines which was designed by National Artist Guillermo Tolentino to commemorate the Philippine revolutionary Andrés Bonifacio, the founder and Supremo of the Katipunan, who fought for independence from the politically and socially ruthless colonial rule by Spain.[1]

This article is about the monument in Caloocan. For the monument in Manila proper, see Bonifacio Shrine. For the French monument, see Monument de la Légion Etrangère (Bonifacio).

Bonifacio Monument
Bantayog ni Bonifacio
14°39′25″N 120°59′02″E
LocationCaloocan, Metro Manila, Philippines
DesignerGuillermo Tolentino
Height13.7 m (45 ft)
Beginning dateNovember 30, 1929
Opening dateNovember 30, 1933
Dedicated toThe memory of Andrés Bonifacio, Supremo of the Katipunan

The monument 13.7 meters (45 ft) in height with symbolic images and other features known as the "Cry of Balintawak" is acclaimed as one of the best monuments in the world.[2][3]

Location

The monument is located in South Caloocan at a roundabout crossing of four roads, namely Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), the MacArthur Highway, the Samson Road, and Rizal Avenue Extension (Avenida Rizal), the old road leading to Manila.[2]

History
Aerial view of Bonifacio Monument at Caloocan, 1933

The Bonifacio Monument recalls the Philippine Revolution which was spearheaded by Andrés Bonifacio who had urged his men to raise against the colonial rule of Spain. His call to take arms against the Spanish rule was given on August 23, 1896, which is widely known as "Cry of Pugad Lawin."[4][2]

The cornerstone was formally laid by Aurora Quezon, the wife of Filipino Senate President and future President Manuel L. Quezon, on November 30, 1929, Bonifacio's 66th birth anniversary. The monument, which was created under the orders of American Governor-General Frank Murphy, was inaugurated exactly four years later on November 30, 1933. The contract for its construction was reportedly worth ₱125,000 (equivalent to ₱38,986,072 in 2021). It was inaugurated by House Speaker Quintín Paredes, with much fanfare in a colourful function led by three women from Luzon (of the Women's College), Visayas (of the Institute of Women), and Mindanao (of the Centro Escolar de Señoritas/Center for Women) with other women representing the eight provinces of Manila, Cavite, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, and Laguna which had participated in the revolution of 1896.[2]

It is considered the most symbolic of all the monuments in the country, even grander than Motto Stella.

On November 30, 2013, the sesquicentennial of Bonifacio's birth and the 80th anniversary of the monument's unveiling was celebrated.[2]

Features

The Bonifacio Monument, which was sculpted by Guillermo Tolentino in 1933, an obelisk, rises to a height of 13.7 m (45 ft); the obelisk is made up of five parts representing five aspects of the society, "Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and Most Venerable Association of the Sons of the Nation)". It is crowned by a figure with wings representing triumph. Below the vertical pylon 20 figures cast in bronze have been molded over an octagonal shaped plinth, plus one angel of peace at the top. The octagon represents the eight provinces who fought against Spain and also represents eight rays of the Katipunan flag. The plinth is raised in three steps, each step representing the three centuries of Spanish rule. These figures are a representation of the people of Philippines, who faced inequality, agony and suppression under the colonial rule which eventually ended in an armed revolution in 1896. The main central image of the monument holds a bolo, a machete, in the right hand and a gun in the other hand. At the back of the central figure a flag of Katipunan in an unfurled state is depicted. A remarkable feature of the molded images of the human figures is the classic style with detailing marked by realistic expressions reflecting the revolutionary spirit with an "upright head and body" and with arms spread on the sides. The central obelisk is surrounded by pools of water.[2][5]

  • Bronze figures at the base
    Bronze figures at the base
  • Commemorative plaques
    Commemorative plaques
  • 2022 Independence Day commemorations
    2022 Independence Day commemorations
  • The monument in 2012
    The monument in 2012

See also

References
  1. The Dynamic Teeners of the 21st Century Ii ' 2005 Ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 68. ISBN 978-971-23-4046-8.
  2. "150th Birth Anniversary". Government of Philippines. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  3. Filipinas. Filipinas Pub. 2003. p. 20.
  4. The Filipino Moving Onward 1' 2007 Ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-971-23-4150-2.
  5. Art: Perception & Appreciation. Goodwill Trading Co., Inc. pp. 294–. ISBN 978-971-11-0933-2.
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