Border Personnel Meeting Point

Chushul is in the Leh district of the Indian state of Ladakh region.[13][14] The meeting point is named after the nearby town (Chushul) or the mountain pass (Spanggur Gap). An October 1, 2015 meeting was held there and simultaneously in Daulat Beg Oldi in which issues relating to a border confrontation in Ladakh in the prior month were resolved. Both countries agreed to return their troops to the previous positions.[15] The meeting point and a nearby 1962 Sino-Indian War memorial are a tourist attraction.[16] There is a meeting hut there.[17]

Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Indian state of Sikkim and once part of the historic Silk Road.[4][14] It is also one of three open trading border posts between China and India. Along with Bum La Pass, it was one of the first two informal locations used in the first decade of BPMs.[10]

Bum La Pass is a mountain pass in the Tawang district of the Indian state Arunachal Pradesh,[14][4] 42 kilometres (26 mi) north of the town of Tawang at an altitude of 15,134 feet (4,613 m).[18] Fierce fighting took place there during the 1962 border war when China invaded India through the pass.

Ceremonial meetings were held there every year on August 15 (Indian Independence Day) from 2006 to 2016. The Chinese did not participate in 2017 due to a border standoff in Doklam.[19] Both armies resumed meeting on October 30, their first since the conflict ended on August 28.[18] Along with Nathu La, it was one of the first two informal locations used in the first decade of BPMs.[10]

Kibithu is in the Anjaw District of the Indian State of Arunachal Pradesh and opened in May 2015.[7] The first meeting there between the Indian and Chinese military occurred in conjunction with Prime Minister Modi's China visit of May 14–16.[4] At this meeting, Modi and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang agreed to open additional meeting points to improve bilateral defense relations.[7] The first BPM was held here in 2006, well before the location was formalized as a meeting point. That meeting coincided with the first visit to India by Chinese President Hu Jintao and at the time was the third "informal" meeting point.[10] The exact meeting point is at Kaho pass on LAC, which is India's last village and pass, there is ITBP post north of Kaho. The Kaho village itself is north of Kibithu and Walong AGL base. All of these are on the bank of Lohit River, a left bank tributary of Brahmaputra, which flows north to south from China to India.

Daulat Beg Oldi is in the Ladakh region and opened in 2015.[7] Tianwendian, a Chinese military camp is on the Chinese side near Depsang Plains in the region of Aksai Chin, an area controlled by China but claimed by India. It is the highest meeting point.[11]

The first meeting at this location was held on August 1, 2015 (PLA Day). The events included a Chinese cultural program and other ceremonies meant to improve relations. Later in the month, India hosted a delegation from the PLA on the occasion of Indian Independence Day and celebrated with traditional songs and dances from Indian culture, Gatka martial arts, and motorcycle acrobatics performed by the Indian Army Corps of Signals.[6] The first ceremonial BPM ever held on New Year's Day was here in 2016.[11]

A meeting hut was constructed approximately a year after the meeting point was opened.[17]

The meeting point is at an especially sensitive location as it was the region of many Chinese incursions.[13] The meeting point is at an elevation of 16,000 feet (4,900 m) and hosts one of the highest airstrips in the world.[13] It is the northernmost meeting point.[6] A three-week long confrontation occurred here in 2013 when China objected to Indian fortifications at Chumur.[4] The airstrip was unused from the 1965 India-Pakistan war until 2008 when India sought to show its ability to respond to threats in the remote region and landed an Antonov-32 transport plane there. Five years later, India sent another transport, a C-130J Super Hercules to the base. India considers this location strategically important as a point from which to control the Karakoram Highway between Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan and China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Such control would be important in the event of a war between India and China.[13]

In 2014, establishment of a meeting point at Lipulekh Pass in Uttarakhand, 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the Chinese town of Burang, close to Changla was discussed.[14]

In April 2016, discussions began on creating a meeting point in middle sector of the border, possibly in the Himachal Pradesh (either Kaurik or Shipki La) - Uttarakhand (either Pulam Sumda or Barahoti) region on the Indian side in a site logistically convenient for both sides.[7] Discussions occurred in Beijing between Indian defense minister Manohar Parrikar and Chinese military and civilian leadership.[20]