British National Individual Pursuit Championships

The British National Individual Pursuit Championships are held annually as part of the British National Track Championships organised by British Cycling. A women's championship was held for the first time in 1960.[1][2][3]

The race is contested over 4,000 metres but the former Professional version was contested over 5,000 metres.

British National Track Champions
DernyPursuit (team)
EliminationScratch
KeirinSprint
MadisonSprint (team)
OmniumTandem
PointsTime Trial
Pursuit

Men's 4,000 metres Senior Race
Event Gold Silver Bronze
1947[4]Charlie MarrinerGeorge FlemingTommy Godwin
1948[5]Charlie Marriner
& Cyril Cartwright		no second place
1949[6]Tommy GodwinCharlie MarrinerSF- George Fell & Jack Simpson
1950[7]Cyril CartwrightKen MitchellJack Simpson
1951[8]Dave KeelerDonald BurgessSF- Don J Smith, Jack Simpson
1952[9]Keith Bentley
1953[3]Ken MitchellPeter BrothertonSF-Keith Bentley & Ronald Stretton
1954[10]Norman SheilPeter Brotherton
1955Norman SheilDave BartramColin Whittingham
1956Mike GambrillTom SimpsonJohn Geddes
1957[11]Mike GambrillNorman SheilJohn Geddes
1958[12]Tom SimpsonMike GambrillNorman Sheil
1959Norman SheilGordon IanBarry Hoban
1960[13]Barry HobanAlf Engers
1961Barry HobanHarry JacksonCharlie McCoy
1962[14]Harry JacksonCharlie McCoyDave Bonner
1963Hugh PorterHarry Jackson
1964 [15]Hugh PorterDerek Harrison
1965Hugh Porter
1966 ProDave Bonner[16]Hugh Porter
1966 AmGraham Webb
1967 ProHugh Porter[16]Dave Bonner
1967 AmBrendan McKeown
1968 ProHugh Porter[17]Dave BonnerWilliam Holmes
1968 AmBrendan McKeown[18][19]Ian HallamBilly Whiteside
1969 ProHugh Porter[20][21]Dave BonnerWilliam Holmes
1969 AmIan Hallam[22][21]Billy Whiteside
1970 AmIan Hallam[23]
1971 ProReg Smith[24]Nigel DeanBob Addy
1971 AmIan HallamRay WardAlan Lloyd[25]
1972Ian HallamWilli MooreMick Bennett
1973Ian HallamWilli MooreMick Bennett
1974Ian HallamSteve HeffernanWilli Moore
1975
1976
1977 ProSteve HeffernanRobin CrockerMick Bennett
1977 AmTony DoyleDerek HuntIan Banbury
1978 Pro [26]Steve HeffernanIan BanburyIan Hallam
1978 Am [27]Tony DoyleJohn PatstonWilli Moore
1979 Pro [28]Ian HallamIan BanburySteve Heffernan
1979 Am
1980 ProTony DoyleIan HallamIan Banbury
1980 Am [29]Sean YatesDave AkamShaun Wallace
1981 Pro [30]Tony DoyleIan HallamIan Banbury
1981 Am [31]Dave AkamShaun WallaceSteve Denton
1982 Pro [32]Sean YatesTony DoyleIan Banbury
1982 Am [33]Shaun WallaceTony MayerSteve Denton
1983 ProSean Yates
1983 AmShaun WallacePaul Curran
1984 Pro
1984 AmDarryl WebsterPaul Curran
1985 Pro [34]Malcolm ElliottIan BanburyNigel Dean
1985 Am [35]Darryl WebsterAdrian TimmisRob Muzio
1986 Pro [36]Tony DoylePeter SandersIan Fagan
1986 Am [37]Rob MuzioDarryl WebsterGlen Sword
1987 Pro [38]Tony DoyleSean YatesAdrian Timmis
1987 Am [39]Colin SturgessJon WalshawChris Boardman
1988 Pro [40]Tony DoyleJon WalshawDarryl Webster
1988 Am [41]Colin SturgessChris Boardman
1989 Pro [42]Colin SturgessPaul CurranJon Walshaw
1989 Am [43]Chris BoardmanBryan SteelGlen Sword
1990 Pro [44]Colin SturgessGary ColtmanJon Walshaw
1990 Am [45]Simon LillistoneChris BoardmanBryan Steel or Matt Illingworth
1991 Pro [46]Colin SturgessJon WalshawGary Coltman
1991 Am [47]Chris BoardmanSimon LillistoneBryan Steel
1992[48]Chris BoardmanBryan SteelStuart Shand
1993[49]Graeme ObreeBryan SteelStuart Dangerfield
1994[50]Graeme ObreeBryan SteelStuart Dangerfield
1995[51][52]Graeme ObreeBryan SteelRob Hayles
1996[53]Graeme ObreeRob HaylesShaun Wallace
1997Rob HaylesBryan SteelJon Clay
1998Rob HaylesMatt IllingworthJon Clay
1999Rob HaylesMatt IllingworthBradley Wiggins
2000Rob HaylesPaul ManningBradley Wiggins
2001Paul ManningRob HaylesChris Newton
2002Michael HutchinsonKristian HouseBen Hallam
2003Paul ManningBryan SteelRob Hayles
2004Paul ManningRob HaylesKristian House
2005Paul ManningRob HaylesMichael Hutchinson
2006David MillarPaul ManningChris Newton
2007Paul ManningEd ClancyJonathan Bellis
2008Steven BurkeRob HaylesMichael Hutchinson
2009Geraint ThomasAndy TennantBen Swift
2010Peter KennaughGeorge AtkinsSam Harrison
2011Steven BurkeSam HarrisonJon Dibben
2012Owain DoullJon DibbenDouglas Dewey
2013Edward ClancySteven BurkeJoe Kelly
2014Andrew TennantSteven BurkeJon Dibben
2015Andrew TennantGermain BurtonJon Dibben
2017Daniel BighamCharlie TanfieldEthan Hayter
2018Charlie TanfieldDaniel BighamJohn Archibald
2019John ArchibaldDaniel BighamKyle Gordon
2020[54]John ArchibaldJonathan WaleDaniel Bigham
2021not held due to COVID-19
2022[55]Daniel BighamCharlie TanfieldKyle Gordon
2023Charlie TanfieldMichael GillWilliam Roberts

Am = Amateur / Pro = Professional

Women's 3,000 metres Senior Race
Event Gold Silver Bronze
1960Beryl Burton
1961Beryl Burton
1962
1963Beryl Burton
1964 [15]Beryl BurtonShirley Killingbeck
1965Beryl Burton
1966Beryl Burton
1967Beryl Burton
1968Beryl Burton
1969 [56]Carol Barton
1970 [57]Beryl Burton
1971Beryl BurtonBernadette SwinnertonMaggie Gordon-Smith
1972Beryl BurtonCarol BartonMaggie Gordon-Smith
1973Beryl BurtonCarol BartonMaggie Gordon-Smith
1974Beryl BurtonCarol BartonMaggie Gordon-Smith
1975[58]Denise BurtonMaggie Gordon-SmithCarol Barton
1976
1977Maggie ThompsonDenise BurtonBeryl Burton
1978[59]Maggie ThompsonBrenda AtkinsonDenise Burton
1979[60]Brenda AtkinsonAnne CollingwoodCatherine Swinnerton
1980[61]Mandy JonesPauline CaveCatherine Swinnerton
1981[62]Mandy JonesCatherine SwinnertonPauline Strong
1982Mandy JonesCatherine SwinnertonBarbara Collins
or Pauline Strong
1983
1984
1985[35]Theresa DarkMaria BlowerJudith Painter
1986[63]Theresa DarkLisa Brambani
1987[64]Sally HodgeLisa BrambaniBarbara Collins
1988[65]Sally HodgeCarole LangleyElaine Ward or Sarah Springman
1989[66]Sally McKenzie-HodgeMaxine JohnsonSally Dawes
1990[67]Sally DawesMaxine JohnsonSue Wright
1991[68]Sally DawesLouise JonesMandy Jones
1992[69]Sally DawesLouise JonesRachelle Jones
1993[70]Sally TimmisSarah PhillipsMaxine Johnson
1994Yvonne McGregorSally DawesMaxine Johnson
1995 [52]Yvonne McGregorMaxine JohnsonVikki Filsell
1996[53]Yvonne McGregorMaxine JohnsonVikki Filsell
1997[71]Yvonne McGregorSally BoydenVikki Filsell or Michelle Ward
1998Yvonne McGregorMichelle WardEmma Davies
1999Yvonne McGregorEmma DaviesSally Boyden
2000Yvonne McGregorEmma DaviesFrances Newstead
2001Emma DaviesYvonne McGregorSara Symington
2002Emma DaviesAngela HunterEmily Forde
2003Emma DaviesFrances NewsteadRachel Heal
2004Emma DaviesKatrina HairLorna Webb
2005Wendy HouvenaghelRachel HealKatrina Hair
2006Rebecca RomeroNikki HarrisSarah Bailey
2007Wendy HouvenaghelRebecca RomeroJoanna Rowsell
2008Sarah StoreyEmma TrottLynn Hamel
2009Sarah StoreyHannah MayhoDani King
2010Wendy HouvenaghelSarah StoreyLaura Trott
2011Joanna RowsellLaura TrottWendy Houvenaghel
2012Lucy GarnerCharline JoinerHannah Barnes
2013Laura TrottDani KingKatie Archibald
2014Katie ArchibaldLaura TrottJoanna Rowsell
2015[72]Laura TrottKatie ArchibaldJoanna Rowsell Shand
2017Katie ArchibaldEmily NelsonNeah Evans
2018Katie ArchibaldEmily NelsonEmily Kay
2019Katie ArchibaldNeah EvansEleanor Dickinson
2020[54]Josie KnightAnna MorrisMegan Barker
2021not held due to COVID-19
2022[55]Neah EvansAnna MorrisKate Richardson
2023Neah EvansElla BarnwellFrancesca Hall

Men's Junior Race
Year Gold Silver Bronze
3 km Pursuit
1972Stuart Morris[73]
1977Dave AkamShaun FenwickIan Fagan
1978Tony MayerPaul CurranGordon Wooldridge
1987Simon LillistoneBryan SteelRoger Ward
1989Mark Dawes[74]
1993Richard PrinceAndrew RussellAndrew Mummery
1994David GeorgeAndrew MummeryLee Garner
1998Bradley WigginsMark KellyS. Collins
1999Ben HallamRhys GruffyddC Sellen
2000Kieran PageBen HallamC Sellen
2001Kieran PageRussell AndersonAdam Duggleby
2003Ed ClancyGeraint ThomasMatt Brammier
2004Ross SanderIan StannardTom Smith
2005Andy TennantIan StannardBen Swift
2006Peter KennaughDavid DaniellChristian Lyte
2007Steven BurkeJonathan BellisPeter Kennaugh
2008Mark ChristianAndrew FennErick Rowsell
2009George AtkinsTim KennaughDaniel McLay
2010Sam HarrisonDan MclayOwain Doull
2011Jon DibbenOwain DoullRobert Lambton
2012Christopher LathamJacob RaganKristian Woolf
2013Matthew GibsonTao Geoghegan HartJacob Ragan
2014Matthew GibsonJoe HoltMatthew Bostock
2015Ethan HayterReece WoodAngus Claxton
2016Ethan HayterReece WoodRhys Britton[75]
2017[76]Ethan VernonFred WrightRhys Britton

Women's Junior Race
Year Gold Silver Bronze
Pursuit
2002Kimberley WalshJane LeaskAmy Hunt
2003Nikki HarrisAmy HuntCayley Ennett
2004Amy HuntJo TindleyKimberley Blythe
2005Joanna RowsellJo TindleyLara Wann
2006Joanna RowsellElizabeth ArmitsteadHannah Mayho
2007Hannah MayhoLucy MartinEmma Trott
2008Hannah MayhoKatie ColcloughAlex Greenfield
2009Laura TrottElla Sadler-AndrewsJessica Booth
2010Laura TrottHannah BarnesHannah Walker
2011Elinor BarkerLucy GarnerHannah Barnes
2012Katie ArchibaldLucy GarnerEmily Kay
2013Emily KayHayley JonesEmily Nelson
2014[77]Grace GarnerManon LloydMelissa Lowther
2015[78]Grace GarnerAbbie DentusEllie Dickinson
2016[79]Ellie DickinsonBecky RaybouldJessica Roberts
2017[76]Emily TillettEllie RussellLauren Dolan

Male Youth Race
Year Gold Silver Bronze
2 km pursuit
1977Paul Wright
1991Andrew MummeryGeraint Day
1993Paul Sheppard
1995Sion JonesStephen MacMillan
1997David HeavenScott BurnsRhys Gruffydd
1998Kris StoryRichard SutcliffeGeorge Holland
1999Richard SutcliffeSteve HarrisonJames Cartwright
2000Matthew HaynesAdam DugglebyTom White
2001Geraint ThomasBruce EdgarJonathon Fletcher
2003Tom SmithShane CharltonRichard Hepworth
2004Steven BurkeShane CharltonAndrew Fenn
2005Adam BlythePeter KennaughMark McNally
2006Andrew FennBenjamin PlainMark Christian
2007Samuel HarrisonDaniel McLayGeorge Atkins
2008Samuel HarrisonJamie RogersFelix English
2009Jon DibbenRobert LambtonOwain Doull
2010Jon DibbenSam LoweJacob Ragan
2011Chris LawlessOliver WoodTao Geoghegan Hart
2012Charlie TanfieldJoe EvansMatthew Gibson
2013Joe HoltMatthew BostockJoseph Fry
2014Fred WrightEthan HayterRhys Britton
2015[80]Rhys BrittonFred WrightJake Stewart
2016[81]Matthew BurkeCharlie CalvertEthan Vernon
2017[76]Lewis AskeyZach BridgesSamuel Watson

Female Youth Race
Year Gold Silver Bronze
2 km pursuit
1998Nicole CookeClaire DixonDanielle Andrew
1999Nicole CookeClaire DixonLaura Bissell
2000Kimberley WalshNicki LloydKirsteen Lawrie
2001Katherine HillRachel BallNicki Lloyd
2002Susy MasseyRachel BallKim Blythe
2003Jo TindleyKimberley BlytheJenny Middlehurst
2004Anna BlythLucy RichardsJenny Middlehurst
2005Lara WannGreta JunkerLucy Richards
2006Hannah MayhoDanielle KingGreta Junker
2007Jessica BoothCorrine HallElla Sadler-Andrews
2008Lucy GarnerRuby MillerHannah Barnes
2009Emily KayHannah BarnesLucy Garner
2010Emily KayElinor BarkerAmy Roberts
2011Emily KayAmy HillEmily Nelson
2012Grace GarnerEmily NelsonMelissa Lowther
2013Charlotte BroughtonLucy ShawAbigail Dentus
2014Charlotte BroughtonJessica RobertsEleanor Dickinson
2015[82]Jessica RobertsEmily TillettRachel Jary
2016[83]Elynor BäckstedtEllie RussellPfeiffer Georgi
2017[76]Elynor BäckstedtElla BarnwellZoë Bäckstedt

References
  1. "About the Championships". British Cycling.
  2. "A History of Manchester Wheelers' Club 1883-1983". Manchester Wheelers.
  3. "Our History". Willesden Cycling Club.
  4. "This victory makes Marriner an automatic choice". Daily News (London). 30 June 1947. Retrieved 19 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  5. "British Cyclists Beaten - 24 August 1948". Aberdeen Press & Journal. 1948.
  6. "Tommy Godwin Wins National Title at Butts - 8 August 1949". Coventry Evening Telegraph. 1949.
  7. "So he's biking home happy". The People. 30 July 1950. Retrieved 19 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  8. "Plenty of spills at Butts – Ten taken to hospital". Coventry Evening Telegraph. 3 September 1951. Retrieved 19 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  9. "Belle Vue Dinner and Dance". West London Observer. 19 December 1952. Retrieved 27 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  10. "Peacock qualifies". Sports Argus. 4 September 1954. Retrieved 27 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  11. "Cycling". Liverpool Echo. 3 August 1957. Retrieved 27 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. "Simpson's Cycling title". The People. 6 July 1958. Retrieved 27 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  13. "Barry Hoban wins Pursuit title". Coventry Evening Telegraph. 9 July 1960. Retrieved 27 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  14. ""Barton Gains Cycling Sprint Title." Times, 10 Sept. 1962, p. 3". The Times. 10 September 1962. p. 3.
  15. ""Sports in Brief." Times, 6 July 1964, p. 4". The Times. 6 July 1964. p. 4.
  16. "Medal hope for Hugh Porter". Birmingham Daily Post. 14 August 1967. Retrieved 18 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  17. "Four out of six for Midlands riders". Birmingham Daily Post. 24 June 1968. Retrieved 18 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  18. "Cycling". Daily Mirror. 24 June 1968. Retrieved 18 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  19. "Boost for Hallam's chances". Sports Argus. 31 May 1969. Retrieved 18 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. "Pro pursuit result". Cycling Archives.
  21. "FOX, N. (1969) 'Cycling'". Times. 2 June 1969. Retrieved 18 November 2021 – via Times Digital Archives.
  22. "Am Pursuit result". Cycling Archives.
  23. "Am Pursuit result". Cycling Archives.
  24. "Harris returns in style". Birmingham Daily Post. 19 July 1971. Retrieved 18 November 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  25. "Cooke comes back to win". Nottingham Evening Post. 3 August 1971. Retrieved 11 December 2022 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  26. "Coleman, Michael. "Cycling." Times, 29 July 1978, p. 21". Times Digital Archive.
  27. Coleman, Michael (26 July 1978). "Coleman, Michael. "Cycling." Times, 26 July 1978, p. 10". The Times. p. 10.
  28. "1979 pro pursuit result". Cycling Archives.
  29. ""For the record." Times, 22 Aug. 1980, p. 6". The Times. 22 August 1980. p. 6.
  30. Wilcockson, John (10 August 1981). "Wilcockson, John. "Cycling." Times, 10 Aug. 1981, p. 11". The Times. p. 11.
  31. Wilcockson, John (10 August 1981). "Wilcockson, John. "Cycling." Times, 10 Aug. 1981, p. 11". The Times. p. 11.
  32. ""Yates takes Doyle's title." Times, 30 July 1982, p. 17". The Times. 30 July 1982. p. 17.
  33. Wilcockson, John (26 July 1982). "Wilcockson, John. "Cycling." Times, 26 July 1982, p. 17". The Times. p. 17.
  34. Wilcockson (12 August 1985). "By a Correspondent, and John Wilcockson,. "Cycling." Times, 12 Aug. 1985, p. 17". The Times. p. 17.
  35. "By a Correspondent. "Cycling." Times, 6 Aug. 1985, p. 28". The Times. 6 August 1985. p. 28.
  36. ""For the Record." Times, 11 Aug. 1986, p. 26". The Times. 11 August 1986. p. 26.
  37. ""For the Record." Times, 7 Aug. 1986, p. 30". The Times. 7 August 1986. p. 30.
  38. "a Special Correspondent. "Yates no match for Doyle." Times, 7 Aug. 1987, p. 32". The Times. 7 August 1987. p. 32.
  39. ""For the Record." Times, 6 Aug. 1987, p. 36". The Times. 6 August 1987. p. 36.
  40. ""For the Record." Times, 6 Aug. 1988, p. 37". The Times. 6 August 1988. p. 37.
  41. Bryan, Peter (29 July 1988). "Bryan, Peter. "Sturgess pursues four titles." Times, 29 July 1988, p. 34". The Times. p. 34.
  42. Bryan, Peter (4 August 1989). "Bryan, Peter. "Sturgess is on time for top title." Times, 4 Aug. 1989, p. 32". The Times. p. 32.
  43. ""The Times." Times, 1 Aug. 1989, p. 35". The Times. August 1989. p. 35.
  44. ""For the Record." Times, 4 Aug. 1990, p. 25". The Times. 4 August 1990. p. 25.
  45. ""For the Record." Times, 30 July 1990, p. 30". The Times. 30 July 1990. p. 30.
  46. ""For the Record." Times, 1 Aug. 1991, p. 33". The Times. August 1991. p. 33.
  47. ""For the Record." Times, 29 July 1991, p. 35". The Times. 29 July 1991. p. 35.
  48. "Sport in Short: Cycling". The Independent. London. 16 August 1992. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  49. "Sporting Digest: Cycling". The Independent. London. 25 July 1993. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  50. ""For the Record." Times, 25 July 1994, p. 25". The Times. 25 July 1994. p. 25.
  51. "Slower Obree claims British title hat-trick". The Independent. London. 1 August 1995. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  52. "British National Track Championships: The winners since 1995". Cycling Weekly. 22 September 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  53. ""For the Record." Times, 28 May 1996, p. 23". The Times. 28 May 1996. p. 23.
  54. "Results" (PDF). British Cycling.
  55. "2022 National Track Championships". British Cycling. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  56. "Pursuit result". Cycling Archives.
  57. "Pursuit result". Cycling Archives.
  58. ""Cycling." Times, 1 Aug. 1975, p. 11". The Times. August 1975. p. 11.
  59. ""Cycling." Times, 24 July 1978, p. 8". The Times. 24 July 1978. p. 8.
  60. "1979 pursuit result". Cycling Archives.
  61. ""For the record." Times, 22 Aug. 1980, p. 6". The Times. 22 August 1980. p. 6.
  62. ""For the record." Times, 3 Aug. 1981, p. 14". The Times. 3 August 1981. p. 14.
  63. ""For the Record." Times, 6 Aug. 1986, p. 30". The Times. 6 August 1986. p. 30.
  64. Bryan, Peter (3 August 1987). "Bryan, Peter. "Alexander proves too fast for McHugh." Times, 3 Aug. 1987, p. 30". The Times. p. 30.
  65. ""For the Record." Times, 6 Aug. 1988, p. 37". The Times. 6 August 1988. p. 37.
  66. ""McHugh sprints to the top." Times, 5 Aug. 1989, p. 45". The Times. 5 August 1989. p. 45.
  67. ""For the Record." Times, 4 Aug. 1990, p. 25". The Times. 4 August 1990. p. 25.
  68. ""For the Record." Times, 29 July 1991, p. 35". The Times. 29 July 1991. p. 35.
  69. ""For the Record." Times, 17 Aug. 1992, p. 20". The Times. 17 August 1992. p. 20.
  70. ""For the Record." Times, 27 July 1993, p. 36". The Times. 27 July 1993. p. 36.
  71. ""Flying McGregor." Times, 25 July 1997, p. 37". The Times. 25 July 1997. p. 37.
  72. "Full Results – British Track Championships". velouk.net. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  73. "History Of The World Masters Track Championships". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  74. "LEICESTERSHIRE ROAD CLUB: Guide to Membership and Rules" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  75. Male Junior Results British Cycling. Retrieved 3 December 2022
  76. "British Cycling National Youth A & Junior Track Championships: Track , Newport – Monday, 31 Jul 2017". British Cycling. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  77. "BC National Youth A & Junior Track Championships". British Cycling. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  78. "British Cycling Youth & Junior Track Championships : 3rd-7th August 2015" (PDF). British Cycling. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  79. "British National Youth & Junior Track Championships: 1st – 5th August – Derby Arena" (PDF). British Cycling. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  80. "British Cycling Youth & Junior Track Championships: 3rd-7th August 2015 - Male Under 16 Results" (PDF). British Cycling. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  81. Male Under 16 Results British Cycling. Retrieved 3 December 2022
  82. "British Cycling Youth & Junior Track Championships: 3rd-7th August 2015 - Female Under 16 Results" (PDF). British Cycling. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  83. "British National Youth & Junior Track Championships: 1st-5th August 2016 - Derby Arena" (PDF). British Cycling. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.