Burmese Americans

The first Burmese to study in the United States was Maung Shaw Loo, of Mon descent, who came in 1858 to study at the University at Lewisburg (now Bucknell University) in Pennsylvania. He graduated with a medical degree in 1867 and returned to Burma the following year.[7]

The first major wave of immigrants from Burma (now Myanmar) occurred from the 1960s to the late 1970s, after Ne Win established military rule in 1962, following the 1962 Burmese coup d'état.[8] Most immigrants were primarily of Sino-Burmese descent, who arrived in increasing numbers following the 1967 anti-Chinese riots.[9] The Burmese Chinese were the first major group of Theravada Buddhists to immigrate to the United States and were largely educated professionals, business entrepreneurs and technically skilled workers.[9][8] A minority were of Anglo-Burmese and Indian descent. Some Burmese immigrated to the United States after the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished the previously existing quota on Asian immigrants.[10]

A second wave occurred from the late 1980s to the early 1990s after the national uprising in 1988.[8] This wave was more diverse, including Bamars, Karens, and other ethnic minorities, including political refugees involved in the 8888 Uprising.[8] They are concentrated in Fort Wayne, Indiana.[11] Between 1977 and 2000, 25,229 Burmese immigrated to the United States, although the figure is inaccurate because it does not include Burmese who immigrated via other countries to the U.S.[12]

A third wave of immigration, from 2006 to date, has been primarily of ethnic minorities in Myanmar, in particular Karen refugees from the Thai-Burmese border.[10][12] From October 2006 to August 2007, 12,800 Karen refugees resettled in the United States.[12]

Burmese in far smaller numbers continue to immigrate to the United States today mainly through family sponsorships and the "green card lottery". Thousands of Burmese each year apply for a Diversity Immigrant Visa (previously known as "OP" and now called "DV"), a lottery-based program that grants visas to those who wish to reside in the United States.

The Burmese American population has significantly increased since the beginning of the 21st century, due to an ongoing wave of immigration, and changes in self-identification. From 2000 to 2010, the population increased by a factor of 5.[13]

In the lead-up to the 2010 census, an awareness campaign was conducted by the Burmese Complete Count Committee, which consisted of Burmese American organizations, to convince Burmese Americans to self-identify as "Burmese" on their census forms.[14]

Following the 2010 census, "Burmese" became a distinct ethnic category (previously they were categorized as "other Asians.")[15] From 2010 to 2021, the population more than doubled.

Drummers of the Rakhine minority performing on the Burmese New Year, Thingyan, in New York City

Many Burmese join already large immigration populations in mid-sized cities, especially those in the Rust Belt and Great Plains. In 2023, the top 20 cities with the most residents reporting Burmese ancestry were as follows:[16]

Nuances regarding the diverse Burmese populations through cities in the U.S. are as follows:

• Indianapolis, Indiana – The Burmese share of Southport's population stands at 24%, one of the highest anywhere in the U.S.[17]
• Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota – Most of Minnesota's 2,500+ Karen live in the Twin Cities.[18]
• New York City – Queens, Brooklyn, and Northern New Jersey
• Milwaukee, Wisconsin – "has the largest Rohingya community in the United States with a population likely over 3,000 individuals."[19][20]
• Tulsa, Oklahoma – Home to nearly 5,000 Chin,[21] considered the largest concentration of Chin people in the U.S.
• Iowa – At least 8,000 Burmese live in Iowa, many of whom live in Des Moines, Waterloo, Cedar Rapids, and Dubuque.[22]
• Utica, New York – 4.8% of Utica's residents identify as Burmese, the highest share of any the Top 20 Burmese communities previously mentioned.
• Buffalo, New York – 3,024 Burmese live in Buffalo, many of whom live on the Upper West Side.
• Dallas-Fort Worth – Several Chin refugees are concentrated in Lewisville in Denton County.[23]
• Bowling Green, Kentucky – Over 1,000 Burmese refugees have settled in Bowling Green in recent years.[24]
• Nashville, Tennessee – The city has a significant Zomi refugee population largely living in South Nashville.[25]
• Atlanta, Georgia – DeKalb County is home to 2,180 Burmese, primarily in Clarkston.
• Akron, Ohio – 1,626 Burmese live in Akron.
• Syracuse, New York – 1,415 Burmese live in Syracuse, many of whom live on the Northside.
• Battle Creek, Michigan – About 3,500 Burmese, primarily Chin.[26][27]
• Los Angeles, California – 1,238 Burmese in Los Angeles while at least another 1,600 live in the San Gabriel Valley.
• Albany, New York – 1,023 Burmese live in Albany.
• Charlotte, North Carolina – 1,496 Burmese live in Charlotte.
• Houston, Texas[28] – 1,401 Burmese live in Houston.
• Chicago, Illinois – The West Ridge area alone is home to over 2,000 Rohingya refugees and may have the highest concentration of that ethnic group in the U.S.[29] 1,355 Burmese live in Chicago.
• Bay Area – Daly City, Fremont, San Francisco, and San Jose 1,373
• Portland, Oregon – 1,167 Burmese live in Portland.
• Salt Lake City, Utah – 1,126 Burmese live in Salt Lake City.
• Baltimore County, Maryland – Large numbers of Burmese refugees, especially Chin, in Baltimore and Howard Counties.
• Frederick, Maryland – 450 Burmese live in Frederick, an outer suburb of Washington, DC.
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – 587 Burmese live in Philadelphia.
• Lowell, Massachusetts – 579 Burmese live in Lowell.
• Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Washington – 696 Burmese live in Tukwila while another 616 live in Kent.
• Spokane, Washington – 734 Burmese live in Spokane.
• Tri-Cities, Washington – 434 Burmese live in Pasco.

This is a list of notable Burmese Americans including both Burmese immigrants who obtained American citizenship, as well as their American descendants.

• Abraham Sofaer: actor
• Adrian Zaw: actor
• Aung La Nsang: mixed martial arts fighter
• Aung San Oo: brother of Aung San Suu Kyi
• Alex Wagner: journalist and television anchor[10]
• Edward Michael Law-Yone: journalist
• Ezra Solomon: economist
• Julie Chen Moonves, journalist[10]
• Kyaw Kyaw Naing: hsaing waing musician
• Kyi Aye: poet and novelist
• Maung Gyi: Martial arts teacher who introduced bando in America
• Michael Aung-Thwin: historian and academic
• Moethee Zun: prominent leader in 1988 pro-democracy movement
• Moe Z. Win: professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Louisa Benson Craig: activist
• Rich Cho: sports executive
• MiMi Aung: NASA engineer and project manager at Jet Propulsion Laboratory
• Robert Findlay: economist and academic
• Thant Myint-U: academic, grandson of U Thant
• Tin Moe: poet
• Wendy Law-Yone: writer[10]

• Zomi Town, Tulsa
• Fresno Buddhist Temple (Mrauk Oo Dhamma)
• Vipassana movement & Vipassana Research Institute
• Demographics of Myanmar
• Asian Americans
• Myanmar–United States relations

• Cooper, Amy. "Burmese Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 373–380. online

• Center for Burma Studies at Northern Illinois University
• Burmese American Democratic Alliance (BADA)