Bushehr province

Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر, romanized: Ostān-e Būshehr) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. The city of Bushehr is the provincial capital. At the 2006 census, the province's population was 886,490 in 188,762 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 1,032,949 people in 246,742 households.[6] At the 2016 census, the province's population was 1,163,400 in 321,826 households.[7]

Bushehr Province
استان بوشهر
Province
Map of Iran with Bushehr highlighted
Location of Bushehr province within Iran
Location of Bushehr Province
Coordinates: 28.9184°N 50.8382°E / 28.9184; 50.8382
CountryIran
RegionRegion 2[1]
CapitalBushehr
Counties10
Government
 • Governor generalAhmad Mohammadizadeh
Area
 • Total22,743 km2 (8,781 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total1,163,400
 • Density51/km2 (130/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
Main language(s)Persian, Luri,[3] Arabic and Turkic
HDI (2017)0.812[4]
very high · 9th

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.[1]

Administrative Divisions

Bushehr Province Population History
Administrative Divisions2006[5]2011[6]2016[7]
Asaluyeh County1——73,958
Bushehr County216,087258,906298,594
Dashtestan County222,226229,425252,047
Dashti County71,28577,53092,319
Deylam County29,07931,57034,828
Deyr County48,48852,52360,612
Ganaveh County82,93790,493102,484
Jam County37,99951,44670,051
Kangan County95,113170,774107,801
Tangestan County63,27670,28276,706
Total866,4901,032,9491,163,400
1Separated from Kangan County in 2012[8]

Cities

According to the 2016 census, 835,955 people (over 71% of the population of Bushehr province) live in the following cities: Ab Pakhsh 18,913, Abad 3,787, Abdan 6,827, Ahram 15,198, Ali Shahr 23,178, Anarestan 3,400, Asaluyeh 13,557, Baduleh 4,028, Bandar Deylam 25,730, Bandar Ganaveh 73,472, Bandar Kangan 60,187, Bandar Rig 6,252, Bandar Siraf 6,992, Bandar-e Deyr 24,083, Bank 14,126, Bardestan 7,112, Borazjan 110,567, Bord Khun 5,333, Bushehr 223,504, Bushkan 2,135, Choghadak 18,702, Dalaki 6,436, Delvar 4,442, Dowrahak 4,852, Imam Hassan 2,731, Jam 31,436, Kaki 12,119, Kalameh 2,463, Kharg 8,193, Khormoj 60,942, Nakhl Taqi 18,837, Riz 3,282, Sadabad 8,248, Shabankareh 7,900, Shonbeh 2,747, Tang-e Eram 3,242, and Vahdatiyeh 11,222.[7]

Demographics

Language

A vast majority of the population speak Persian (mostly the Fars dialect) as first language with a minority of Arabic speakers.[9][10]

During the Safavid period, some people from the Kurdish Zanganeh tribe moved from Kermanshah to the villages between Ahram and Borazjan and formed a local government in this area, and from that time until the beginning of Qajar, this part of Bushehr province was called Zanganeh bloc.[11] The Zangeneh tribe have largely been assimilated and have adopted the local Persian and Turkic languages and are city-dwellers.

Bushehr linguistic composition[12]
language percent
Persian
 
 71.31%
Arabic
 
 9.59%
Turkic
 
 0.65%
Other, mixed
 
 18.45%

Religion

The vast majority of Bushehr's population are Shia Muslims, with a minority of Sunnis comprising 8.5% of the province's population.[13]

History

The Greeks knew of Bushehr by Mezambria during the battles of Nearchus. A French excavating team however in 1913 determined the origin of Bushehr to date back to the Elamite Empire. A city there, known as Lyan, contained a temple that was designed to protect the compound from naval attacks. Its remains can still be seen today 10 kilometers south of the present city of Bushehr.

Marco Polo describes this region as part of the Persian province of Shabankareh. It contains the village of Saba, Iran where are buried (he was told) the three Magi which visited the Christ Child.

A key turning point in the history of Bor event of significance is known to have taken place in this region until the arrival of the European colonialists in the 16th century.

The Portuguese, invaded the city of Bushehr in 1506 and remained there until Shah Abbas Safavi defeated and liberated the Persian Gulf region of their presence. By 1734, Bushehr had once again risen to prominence due to Nader Shah of the Afsharid dynasty, and his military policies in The Persian Gulf.

Map of the Bushehr Region in the Early 1750s

Bushehr was selected by Nader to be the central base of Nader's Naval fleet in the Persian Gulf. He thus changed the name of the city to Bandar e Naderiyeh (Nader's Port). He hired an Englishman by the name of John Elton to help build his fleet. Dutch accounts report his naval fleet to have amounted to 8000-10000 personnel as well as several ship construction installations.

After Nader's death, the Dutch continued to have good commercial relations in Bushehr, until the British made their debut in Bushehr in 1763 by a contract they signed with Karim Khan of the Zand dynasty. By then, the city of Bushehr had become Iran's major port city in the Persian Gulf. By the Qajar era, Britain, Norway, Russia, Italy, France, Germany, and the Ottomans had diplomatic and commercial offices there, with Britain steadily gaining a foothold in the area. Close to 100 British ships are reported to have docked at the port city every year during the Qajar era.

2013 Bushehr earthquake
Main article: 2013 Bushehr earthquake

A strong earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter magnitude scale struck the town of Shonbeh and villages of Shonbeh and Tasuj District in Dashti County of Bushehr Province on 9 April 2013, killing at least 37 people.[14]

Bushehr today
The coast in Bushehr by the Persian Gulf.
Topological and bathmetery map of Bushehr province

Aside from the revived port city of Bushehr, which is the second main naval port of Iran after Bandar Abbas, Bushehr also has come back recently in the spotlight for three main reasons:

Kharg Island (Khark Island)

During the Iran-Iraq war, Iran's major petroleum exporting ports in Khuzestan sustained damages so severe that a second port in Kharg Island was selected to carry on the major responsibility of Iran's petroleum exports, though even Kharg was not immune from Iraqi air raids.

Bushehr Nuclear Reactor
Main article: Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant
See also: The Bushehr project of Iran's nuclear program

The Bushehr Light water PWR Nuclear Reactor, designed by Siemens AG, built by the Russians, is Iran's first Nuclear Power Plant reactor.

The industrial corridor of Assalouyeh

As many as 70,000 foreign engineers and technicians are currently working in this industrial zone 270 kilometers south of the provincial capital. This zone is where the nearby famous South Pars Gas field is located, where Iran has invested hundreds of millions of dollars in infrastructure. The South Pars Gas field is the world's largest natural gas field.

The Assalouyeh industrial zone is deemed so lucrative that even American companies such as American Allied International Corp and Halliburton have bypassed American sanctions to become somehow involved in the zone.American Allied International Corporation - Assalouyeh

Colleges and universities

Sports

Football is the most popular sports in Boushehr. Boushehr is home to both famous football teams: Shahin-e Boushehr and Pars Jonoubi jam.

Shahin is one of the oldest soccer team in Iran which has found in 1942. Shahin is one of the most popular teams in current Iranian football league just like Tractor-Sazi from Tabriz.

Sajjad Gharibi (born 19 December 1991) is an Iranian bodybuilder.[15][16] He born on Khozestan, Ahwaz, and has lived in Busher. He has become famous in world because of his special physique. His musculus volume is extraordinary for his height, 186 cm (6'2" tall), and weight, 180 kg (390 lb). He has looked like The Incredible Hulk character, because of his size, his Iranian fans have called him Iranian Hulk.[17]

Some attractions of Bushehr
Bandar Gonaveh

Despite its unique potentials, Bushehr remains to be developed for absorbing tourists and seriously lacks the necessary investment for tourism. The city of Bushehr has 3-star hotels, an airport, and modern amenities. The Cultural heritage Organization of Iran lists up to 45 sites of historical and cultural significance in the province. Some are listed below:

  • Persian Gulf Beach(Bushehr)
  • Deje Borazjan
  • Kakhe tauke (borazjan)
  • Shahzade Ebrahim (Shazabreim)
  • Qal'eh Holandiha (The Dutch Castle)
  • Mabad Poseidon, (Poseidon's temple)
  • Gurestan Bastani (the ancient cemetery)
  • Imamzadeh Mir Mohammed Hanifeh
  • Aramgah (tomb of) Haj Mohammed Ibrahim Esfahani
  • The Old Church of Kharg Island
  • Qavam water reservoir
  • Qazi House
  • Maqbareh (tomb of) the English General
  • Shaykh Sadoon Mosque
  • The Holy Christ Church
  • House of Raies Ali Delvari
  • House of Malik
  • The ancient site of Ray-Shahr which is located 8 km south of Bushehr.
  • Tomb of Abdul mohaymrn
  • House Darya Baygui
  • House of Dehdashti
  • Castle of Khormuj

Literature

Bushehr has been home to some famous poets. Among them are Faiez Dashti (Dashtestani) (1830-1919) and Manouchehr Atashi. Faiez poems, and Dashti(or Dashtestani) literature in general, resemble Baba Taher's works. Sadeq Chubak, Najaf Daryabandari, and Moniro Ravanipour are among the most prominent writers in the literature of Bushehr.

References
  1. "استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند". همشهری آنلاین (in Persian). 2014-06-22. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
  2. "درگاه ملی آمار > خانه > اطلاعات استانی". Archived from the original on 2013-07-19. Retrieved 2013-07-26.
  3. Luri (لوری)
  4. "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  5. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 18. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  6. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)" (Excel). Iran Data Portal (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 18. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  7. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 18. Archived from the original (Excel) on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  8. Ostan News Announcement Archived 2013-03-11 at the Wayback Machine (in Persian)
  9. "Language distribution: Bushehr Province". Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI). Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  10. Anonby, Erik & Taheri-Ardali, Mortaza, et al. (eds.). 2015–2022. Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI). Ottawa: Geomatics & Cartographic Research Centre, Carleton University. (http://iranatlas.net/) (Accessed 2022-04-27).
  11. https://tangestanhc.bpums.ac.ir/fa/DynPages-410.htm
  12. "Language distribution: Bushehr Province". 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  13. "فضای صمیمی بین اهل سنت و شیعه در استان بوشهر وجود دارد" [There is an intimate atmosphere between Sunnis and Shias in Bushehr province]. Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
  14. "Iran quake kills 37, injures more than 850". CNN. 9 April 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  15. "'Scariest Man On The Planet' to fight 'Iranian Hulk' in MMA debut". talksport. 22 November 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  16. "178kg monster is an absolute weapon". news.com.au. 23 November 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  17. "همه چیز درباره چهره شاخص این روزهای فضای مجازی". tasnimnews.com. Tasnimnews. 31 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
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