Buyan-class corvette

The Buyan class (Russian: Буян, lit. 'Buyan'), Russian designations Project 21630 Buyan and Project 21631 Buyan-M, are series of corvettes (small artillery and missile ships in Russian classification) developed by Zelenodolsk Design Bureau for the Russian Navy. Since 2010, all subsequent vessels are being constructed as improved Project 21631 subclass, incorporating greater tonnage, stealth technology and the 3S14 vertical launching system for either Kalibr or Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles, significantly enhancing combat capabilities. The ships are primarily designed for operations within littoral zones to protect Russia's vast coastal areas. Due to the small tonnage, they can operate even within shallow parts of oceans and seas and Russia's extensive inland waterway system. The export variant is known as Project 21632 Tornado.


Buyan-class corvette (pr 21630)
Buyan-M-class corvette (pr 21631)
Class overview
NameBuyan class
Builders
Operators Russian Navy
Preceded byNanuchka class
Succeeded byKarakurt class
Subclasses
  • Project 21631 Buyan-M (domestic)
  • Project 21632 Tornado (export)
Built2004–present
In commission2006–present
Planned15
Building2
Completed13
Active13
General characteristics
TypeGuided missile corvette
Displacement
Length
  • Buyan: 62 m (203 ft)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 75 m (246 ft)[2]
Beam
  • Buyan: 9.6 m (31 ft)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 11 m (36 ft)[2]
Height6.57 m (22 ft)
Draft
  • Buyan: 2 m (7 ft)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 2.5 m (8 ft)[2]
Propulsion2 shaft CODAD, 4 x Zvezda M520, 14,584 shp (10,880 kW) and Kolomna Diesel, Pumpjet.
Speed
  • Buyan: 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph)[2]
Range
  • Buyan: 1,500 nmi (2,800 km; 1,700 mi)[1]
  • Buyan-M: 2,300 nmi (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at 12 knots[2]
Endurance10 days[2]
Complement
  • Buyan: 29-36[1]
  • Buyan-M: 52[2]
Sensors and
processing systems
  • Buyan:
    • 5P-26M Pozitiv-M phased array radar system (Pozitiv-ME1.2 for export)[3]
    • MR-231 navigation radar[3]
    • 5P-10-03 Laska fire control system (5P-10-03E for export)[3]
    • МР-123 fire control system
    • Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonar system (Anapa-ME for export)[3]
  • Buyan-M:
    • 5P-26M1 Pozitiv-M1 phased array radar system
    • MP-231-2 navigation radar
    • 5P-10-03 Laska fire control system
    • МР-123-02 fire control system
    • Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonar system
Electronic warfare
& decoys
  • Buyan: 2 × 10 PK-10 decoy launchers[3]
  • Buyan-M: TK-25 radar jammers[4]
Armament

Design

In August 2010, some information about the newly modified Project 21631, dubbed as Buyan-M, were published. The Project 21631 ships are said to be an up-to-date variant of Project 21630 Buyan small artillery ship, armed with the nuclear-capable Kalibr cruise missiles (SS-N-27 Sizzler) with a claimed range of at least 1,500 km and electronic countermeasure equipment.[6][7] Ships of Project 21631 are designed to defend the national economic zones of Russia. The ships' small size and displacement enable them to operate within inland river systems, including traversing the Moscow Canal which allows them to deploy to various seas around European Russia. This is a particular advantage for the Buyan-M series, because while the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) prohibits long-range cruise missiles from operating on land they can operate from ships, so a river-based corvette can deploy missiles without being subject to restrictions. The lead ship of this project, Grad Sviyazhsk, was laid down on 27 August 2010 and commissioned on 27 July 2014.

Operational history

On 7 October 2015, corvettes Grad Sviyazhsk, Uglich, Velikiy Ustyug and Gepard-class frigate Dagestan, deployed in the Caspian Sea, launched 26 Kalibr cruise missiles at 11 terrorist targets in Syria. The missiles flew nearly 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) over Iran and Iraq and struck targets in Raqqa and Aleppo provinces (controlled by the Islamic State) as well as in Idlib province (controlled by the al-Qaeda-linked Nusra Front). According to US DoD officials, several of these cruise missiles fired from Russian ships crashed in Iran and did not make it to their intended targets in Syria.[8]

On 20 November 2015, the same warships launched 18 Kalibr cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea at seven terrorist targets in Rakka, Idlib and Aleppo provinces.

On 13 February 2016, corvette Zelenyy Dol was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea.

On 19 August 2016, corvettes Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov, deployed in the Mediterranean Sea, launched Kalibr cruise missiles at positions of Al-Nusra terrorist group in Syria. As a result of the strikes, number of terrorist facilities were destroyed, including command post and base near the village of Dar Ta Izzah and weapon production plants and warehouses in Aleppo province.

On 25 October 2016, Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov were deployed to the Baltic Sea to join a newly formed division in Kaliningrad.[6] In 2020, Zelenyy Dol and the Karakurt-class corvette Odintsovo deployed to Arctic waters utilizing Russian internal waterways and illustrating the Russian capacity to transfer light units among the Russian Navy's three western fleets and the Caspian Flotilla as might be required.[9] A similar deployment was conducted in 2023 by Serpukhov.[10]

On 17 June 2022, a photo emerged of the ship being towed on the Volga River in a damaged state after a Ukrainian attack.[11]

Variants
  • Project 21630 Buyan
  • Project 21631 Buyan-M – Upgraded design with modernised systems and new weapons
  • Project 21632 Tornado – Export design
  • Project 21635 Sarsar – Unveiled at Army-2022 expo, with an increased number of VLS cells, as well as a larger displacement overall

Ships
Name Builders Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
Project 21630 Buyan
Astrakhan Almaz Shipyard, St. Petersburg 30 January 2004 7 October 2005 1 September 2006 Caspian Active
Volgodonsk 25 February 2005 6 May 2011[12] 28 December 2011[13] Active
Makhachkala 24 March 2006 27 April 2012 [14] 4 December 2012[15] Active
Project 21631 Buyan-M
Grad Sviyazhsk Zelenodolsk Shipyard 27 August 2010 9 March 2013[16][17] 27 July 2014[18] Caspian Active
Uglich 22 July 2011[19] 10 April 2013 27 July 2014 Active
Velikiy Ustyug 27 August 2011[20] 21 May 2014 19 December 2014[21][22] Damaged, under repair
Zelenyy Dol 29 August 2012[23][24] 2 April 2015 12 December 2015[25] Baltic[26] Active
Serpukhov[27] 25 January 2013[28] 3 April 2015 12 December 2015 Active
Vyshniy Volochyok 29 August 2013 22 August 2016[29] 1 June 2018[30] Black Sea Active
Orekhovo-Zuyevo 29 May 2014 19 June 2018[31] 10 December 2018[32] Active
Ingushetiya 29 August 2014[33] 11 June 2019[34] 28 December 2019[35] Active
Grayvoron 10 April 2015[36] April 2020[37][38] 30 January 2021[39] Active
Tarusa 24 April 2017[40] 17 September 2021[41] 29 December 2022[42][43] Baltic Active
Naro-Fominsk 23 February 2018[44] 9 December 2022[45][46] 2023[45][47] Black Sea Trials in October [48]
Stavropol 12 July 2018[49] 2023 Under construction

See also

References
  1. "Buyan-class corvette Volgodonsk". Rusnavy.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  2. "Keel-laying of sixth project 21631 ship". JSC Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky. 29 August 2013. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  3. Малый артиллерийский корабль пр. 21632 «ТОРНАДО» вариант 1 [Small artillery ship Pr. 21632 "TORNADO" mark 1]. JSC Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  4. "TK-25E". Rosoboronexport. Archived from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  5. Novichkov, Nikolai (5 July 2015). "Russia to equip Buyan-M corvettes with Komar SAM turret". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015.
  6. Osborn, Andrew; Johnson, Simon (26 October 2016). "Russia beefs up Baltic Fleet amid NATO tensions: reports". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  7. "Zelenodolsky Shipyard to lay down a Project 21631 small-size missile ship". Rusnavy.com. 26 August 2010. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  8. Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (8 October 2015). "Pentagon: Some Russian cruise missiles crashed in Iran". The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  9. "Analysis: Zeleny Dol corvette passes successful trials". Navy Recognition. 18 September 2020.
  10. https://tass.com/defense/1677121
  11. "Russian Buyan M Corvette sustained significant damage by Ukrainian drone strikes". Global Defense Corp. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  12. Торжественный спуск "Волгодонска" [The launch of "Volgodonsk"]. Docklife.ucoz.ru (in Russian). 6 May 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  13. Малый артиллерийский корабль "Волгодонск" принят в состав ВМФ России [Small artillery ship "Volgodonsk" was accepted into the Russian Navy]. flot.com (in Russian). 28 December 2011. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  14. Церемония спуска МАК "Махачкала" состоится на СФ "Алмаз" 27 апреля [The launching of the MAK "Makhachkala" will take place at the Almaz Shipyard on April 27]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 26 April 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  15. "Caspian Flotilla received new Stealth corvette". Rusnavy.com. 12 February 2013. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  16. Пятый "Буян-М" получил наименование "Серпухов" [The fifth "Buyan-M" is named "Serpukhov"]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 17 December 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
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  18. На кораблях "Град Свияжск" и "Углич" подняли Военно-Морские флаги [Naval flags raised on ships "Grad Sviyazhsk" and "Uglich"]. JSC Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky (in Russian). 27 July 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  19. В Зеленодольске заложат новый ракетный корабль для ВМФ России [A new missile ship for the Russian Navy will be laid down in Zelenodolsk]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 20 July 2011. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  20. На Зеленодольском заводе имени А.М. Горького состоится закладка третьего МРК типа "Буян" [At the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky, the laying of the third MRK of the Buyan type will take place]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 26 August 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  21. Шесть малых ракетных кораблей пополнят ВМФ России [Six small missile ships will join the Russian Navy]. vpk-news.ru (in Russian). 19 November 2014. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  22. На «Великом Устюге» поднят Андреевский флаг [At the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky, the laying down of the third MRK of the Buyan type will take place]. vpk-news.ru (in Russian). 19 December 2014. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  23. На Зеленодольском заводе им. А.М. Горького состоится закладка четвертого МРК проекта 21631 [At the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky, the laying down of the fourth MRK of project 21631 will take place]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 24 August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  24. Mevedev, Sergei (3 March 2015). "Russian Black Sea Fleet to get 3 surface ships, two submarines in 2015 — Captain". TASS. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
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  43. http://files.balancer.ru/forums/attaches/2023/09/05-11726429-pereimenovaniya.jpg
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  48. https://vk.com/marinist_spb?w=wall-60836469_17670
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