Caldwell machine gun
The Caldwell machine gun is a machine gun of Australian origin developed by Thomas Frederick Caldwell in 1915.[1][2][3][4]
| Caldwell machine gun | |
|---|---|
| Type | Machine gun |
| Place of origin | Australia |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Thomas F. Caldwell |
| Designed | 1915 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 38 lb (17 kg) |
| Cartridge | .303 British (7.7×56mmR) |
| Caliber | .303 (7.7 mm) |
| Barrels | 2 |
| Rate of fire | 500rpm |
| Feed system | 104 round magazines |
History
The Caldwell machine gun was designed by Thomas F. Caldwell of Melbourne, who moved to the United Kingdom to bring his invention to the notice of British Army authorities. The weapon was in appearance similar to the Maxim gun, but came with two barrels, capable of working in conjunction or separately with a discharge of 500 rpm. It used pan magazines containing 104 rounds instead of the belt feed of the Maxim gun, which was prone to jamming.
As reported at the time:
- "The Caldwell Machine Gun Company's invention of a quick-firing machine gun was recently sent to London in charge of Captain O. H. Moss and the inventor (Mr. T. F. Caldwell). The directors have now received information from their representatives and Messrs. Light and Fulton, solicitors to the company in London, that the gun has been sold, subject to certain conditions, for £5,000 in cash, £1 per gun royalty on all guns manufactured in Great Britain, and ten per cent of the consideration received from the sale of foreign rights or licenses The manufacturers are now completing a new gun under the supervision of Mr. Caldwell, whose services have been taken over at £1,000 per annum. The new gun will shortly be submitted to the Admiralty".[5]
Overview
The weapon has two barrels and is chambered for the .303 British round. The cooling jacket is similar to the Maxim gun but comes with a steam valve. The Caldwell is lighter and simpler than the Maxim and can be field-stripped in under one minute without the use of tools. The rate of fire of the Caldwell is variable as the gun is fired with a hand crank with the rate of fire dependent on the operator.
References
- "CALDWELL MACHINE GUN". Poverty Bay Herald. Vol. XLII, no. 13645. 27 March 1915. p. 4. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
- US patent 1090124, Thomas Frederick Caldwell, "QUICK-FIRING MACHINE-GUN", published 1913-08-21, issued 1914-03-10
- Free Patents: Caldwell Machine Gun
- Chinn, George M., Lieutenant Colonel, USMC (1951). "APPENDIX A: Patents on Machine Guns and Relating Mechanisms upon which the World's Automatic Weapons Have Been Based". The Machine Gun History, Evolution, and Development of Manual, Automatic, and Airborne Repeating Weapons. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Ordnance, Department of the Navy. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
CLADWELL,[sic] THOMAS F.--RICHMOND, AUSTRALIA Quick--firing machine gun 1,090,124 10 Mar 1914
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "CALDWELL MACHINE GUN CO". The Argus. Melbourne. 20 March 1915. p. 21. Retrieved 16 February 2020.