Campephilus

Campephilus is a genus of large American woodpeckers in the family Picidae.[2]

Campephilus
Pale-billed woodpecker (Campephilus guatemalensis)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Picidae
Tribe: Campephilini
Genus: Campephilus
G.R. Gray, 1840
Type species
Picus principalis[1]
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

see text

Taxonomy

The genus Campephilus was introduced by English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840, with the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) as the type species.[3] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek kampē meaning "caterpillar" and philos meaning "loving".[4] The genus is placed in the tribe Campephilini in the subfamily Picinae and is sister to a clade containing woodpeckers from Southeast Asia in the genera Chrysocolaptes, Blythipicus, and Reinwardtipicus.[5]

Species

The genus contains 12 species:[6]

ImageCommon NameScientific nameDistribution
Powerful woodpeckerCampephilus pollensColombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela
Splendid woodpeckerCampephilus splendensPanama, western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador
Crimson-bellied woodpeckerCampephilus haematogasterColombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Red-necked woodpeckerCampephilus rubricollisBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Robust woodpeckerCampephilus robustusArgentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Crimson-crested woodpeckerCampephilus melanoleucosPanama south to northern border regions of Argentina, and on Trinidad.
Guayaquil woodpeckerCampephilus gayaquilensissouthern Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru.
Pale-billed woodpeckerCampephilus guatemalensisnorthern Mexico to western Panama.
Cream-backed woodpeckerCampephilus leucopogonArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and far northwestern Uruguay.
Magellanic woodpeckerCampephilus magellanicussouthern Chile and southwestern Argentina
Ivory-billed woodpeckerCampephilus principalis – possibly extinct (1987)Southern United States and Cuba.
Imperial woodpeckerCampephilus imperialis – probably extinct (1956)Mexico.

A fossil species, C. dalquesti, was described from bones found in Late Pleistocene deposits of Scurry County, Texas.

References
  1. "Picidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. Benz, Brett W.; Robbins, Mark B. & Peterson, A. Townsend (2006): Evolutionary history of woodpeckers and allies (Aves: Picidae): Placing key taxa on the phylogenetic tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 389–399. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.021
  3. Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 54.
  4. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. Shakya, S.B.; Fuchs, J.; Pons, J.M.; Sheldon, F.H. (2017). "Tapping the woodpecker tree for evolutionary insight". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 116: 182–191. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.005. PMID 28890006.
  6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Woodpeckers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
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