List of cities in Canada

This is a list of incorporated cities in Canada, in alphabetical order categorized by province or territory. More thorough lists of communities are available for each province.

BC
AB
SK
MB
ON
QC
NB
PE
NS
NL
YT
NT
NU
Canadian Provinces and Territories
Communities by provinces and territories of Canada

Capital cities
Geographic area Capital
CanadaOttawa
AlbertaEdmonton
British ColumbiaVictoria
ManitobaWinnipeg
New BrunswickFredericton
Newfoundland and LabradorSt. John's
Nova ScotiaHalifax
OntarioToronto
Prince Edward IslandCharlottetown
QuebecQuebec City
SaskatchewanRegina
Northwest TerritoriesYellowknife
NunavutIqaluit
YukonWhitehorse

Alberta
Main article: List of cities in Alberta
Distribution of Alberta's 19 cities and 12 other communities eligible for city status

To qualify as a city in Alberta, a sufficient population size (10,000 people or more) must be present and a majority of the buildings must be on parcels of land less than 1,850 square metres (19,900 sq ft).[1] A community is not always incorporated as a city even if it meets these requirements. The urban service areas of Fort McMurray and Sherwood Park are hamlets recognized as equivalents of cities, but remain unincorporated. Ten towns are also eligible for city status but remain incorporated as towns.

Alberta has 19 cities. Beaumont is Alberta's newest city, incorporating from town status on January 1, 2019.[2]

Name Region Incorporation
date (city)[3]		 Council
size[3]		 2021 Census of Population[4]
Population
(2021)		 Population
(2016)		 Change
(%)		 Land
area
(km2)		 Population
density
(per km2)
AirdrieCalgary MetroJan 1, 1985774,100 61,581 +20.3%84.39878.1
Beaumont[AB 1]Edmonton MetroJan 1, 2019720,888 17,457 +19.7%24.70845.7
Brooks[AB 2]SouthernSep 1, 2005714,924 14,451 +3.3%18.21819.5
Calgary[AB 3]Calgary MetroJan 1, 1894151,306,784 1,239,220 +5.5%820.621,592.4
CamroseCentralJan 1, 1955918,772 18,742 +0.2%41.67450.5
Chestermere[AB 4]Calgary MetroJan 1, 2015722,163 19,887 +11.4%32.83675.1
Cold LakeNorthOct 1, 2000715,661 14,976 +4.6%66.61235.1
Edmonton[AB 5]Edmonton MetroOct 8, 1904131,010,899 933,088 +8.3%765.611,320.4
Fort SaskatchewanEdmonton MetroJul 1, 1985727,088 24,169 +12.1%56.50479.4
Grande PrairieNorthernJan 1, 1958964,141 63,166 +1.5%132.71483.3
LacombeCentralSep 5, 2010713,396 13,057 +2.6%20.59650.6
LeducEdmonton MetroSep 1, 1983734,094 29,993 +13.7%42.25807.0
LethbridgeSouthernMay 9, 1906998,406 92,729 +6.1%121.12812.5
Lloydminster (part)[AB 6]CentralJan 1, 1958719,739 19,645 +0.5%23.98823.1
Medicine HatSouthernMay 9, 1906963,271 63,260 0.0%111.97565.1
Red DeerCentralMar 25, 19139100,844 100,418 +0.4%104.34966.5
Spruce GroveEdmonton MetroMar 1, 1986737,645 34,108 +10.4%37.521,003.3
St. AlbertEdmonton MetroJan 1, 1977768,232 65,589 +4.0%47.841,426.3
Wetaskiwin[AB 7]CentralMay 9, 1906712,594 12,655 −0.5%18.75671.7
Total cities — — 157 3,023,641 2,838,191 +6.5% 2,572.21 1,175.5

Notes:

  1. Beaumont is Alberta's newest city, incorporated on January 1, 2019. Based on 2016 data, Beaumont is Alberta's smallest city by land area, but in 2017 its area increased to nearly 2,400 hectares, making it larger than Wetaskiwin and Lacombe.[3]
  2. Brooks is Alberta's smallest city by land area.
  3. Calgary is Canada's third-largest city, Alberta's largest city by both population and area, and was Alberta's first city, incorporated on January 1, 1894. The Calgary census metropolitan area (CMA) includes the cities of Airdrie, Calgary and Chestermere.
  4. Chestermere was known as Chestermere Lake prior to March 1, 1993.[3]
  5. Edmonton is Canada's fifth-largest city and Alberta's capital. The Edmonton CMA includes the cities of Beaumont, Edmonton, Fort Saskatchewan, Leduc, Spruce Grove and St. Albert.
  6. The balance of Lloydminster is located within Saskatchewan.
  7. Wetaskiwin is Alberta's smallest city by population.

British Columbia
Main article: List of cities in British Columbia

In British Columbia, a community can be incorporated as a city if its population exceeds 5,000.[5] Once so incorporated, a city does not lose this status even if its population later declines; the once-larger City of Greenwood, for example, now has a population of just 665 people.

British Columbia has 53 cities.

Cities in British Columbia
Name Location Incorporation Date (City) Population (2016) Population (2011) Change (%) Land Area (km2) Population Density (/km2)
AbbotsfordAbbotsford, City ofCityFraser ValleyDecember 12, 1995153,524141,3978.6375.33409.0
ArmstrongArmstrong, City ofCityNorth OkanaganMarch 31, 19135,3235,1144.15.221020.0
BurnabyBurnaby, City ofCityMetro VancouverSeptember 22, 1892249,125232,7557.090.572750.7
Campbell RiverCampbell River, City ofCityStrathconaJune 24, 194735,51932,5887.6144.38246.0
CastlegarCastlegar, City ofCityCentral KootenayJanuary 1, 19748,3388,0393.719.67419.6
ChilliwackChilliwack, City ofCityFraser ValleyApril 26, 187393,20383,78811.2261.34356.6
ColwoodColwood, City ofCityCapitalJune 24, 198518,96116,85912.517.661073.6
CoquitlamCoquitlam, City ofCityMetro VancouverJuly 25, 1891148,625139,2846.7122.151216.7
CourtenayCourtenay, The Corporation of the City ofCityComox ValleyJanuary 1, 191528,42025,59910.832.42876.7
CranbrookCranbrook, The Corporation of the City ofCityEast KootenayNovember 1, 190520,49920,0472.331.97641.2
Dawson CreekDawson Creek, The Corporation of the City ofCityPeace RiverMay 26, 193612,32312,1781.226.72461.1
DeltaDelta, City ofCityMetro VancouverSeptember 22, 2017[6]108,455102,2386.1179.66603.7
DuncanDuncan, The Corporation of the City ofCityCowichan ValleyMarch 4, 19125,0474,9442.12.062444.5
EnderbyEnderby, The Corporation of the City ofCityNorth OkanaganMarch 1, 19053,0282,9642.24.26710.4
FernieFernie, The Corporation of the City ofCityEast KootenayJuly 28, 19046,3205,24917.115.11418.3
Fort St. JohnFort St. John, City ofCityPeace RiverDecember 31, 194721,46520,1555.932.67656.9
Grand ForksGrand Forks, The Corporation of the City ofCityKootenay BoundaryApril 15, 18974,1124,0491.610.37396.4
GreenwoodGreenwood, The Corporation of the City ofCityKootenay BoundaryJuly 12, 18977026655.62.42290.2
KamloopsKamloops, City ofCityThompson-NicolaOctober 17, 196797,90290,2808.4297.93328.6
KelownaKelowna, City ofCityCentral OkanaganMay 4, 1905144,576127,38013.5211.85682.4
KimberleyKimberley, City ofCityEast KootenayMarch 29, 19448,1157,4259.360.51134.1
LangfordLangford, City ofCityCapitalDecember 8, 199246,58435,34231.841.431124.4
LangleyLangley, City ofCityMetro VancouverMarch 15, 195528,96325,88811.910.182845.2
Maple RidgeMaple Ridge, City ofCityMetro VancouverSeptember 12, 2014[7]90,99082,25610.6267.82339.7
MerrittMerritt, City ofCityThompson-NicolaApril 1, 19117,0517,139-1.226.04270.7
MissionMission, City ofCityFraser ValleyMarch 29, 2021[8]41,51938,8337.7226.98182.9
NanaimoNanaimo, City ofCityNanaimoDecember 24, 187499,86390,50410.390.451104.1
NelsonNelson, The Corporation of the City ofCityCentral KootenayMarch 18, 189711,10610,5725.111.93930.6
New WestminsterNew Westminster, The Corporation of the City ofCityMetro VancouverJuly 16, 186078,91670,99611.215.625052.4
North VancouverNorth Vancouver, The Corporation of the City ofCityMetro VancouverAugust 10, 189158,12052,8989.911.834913.0
ParksvilleParksville, City ofCityNanaimoJune 19, 194513,64212,5149.514.52939.5
PentictonPenticton, The Corporation of the City ofCityOkanagan-SimilkameenJanuary 1, 190936,88533,7619.344.03857.3
Pitt MeadowsPitt Meadows, City ofCityMetro VancouverApril 25, 191419,14618,5733.186.34221.7
Port AlberniPort Alberni, City ofCityAlberni-ClayoquotOctober 28, 196718,25917,6783.319.66928.9
Port CoquitlamPort Coquitlam, The Corporation of the City ofCityMetro VancouverMarch 7, 191361,49858,6124.929.162108.7
Port MoodyPort Moody, City ofCityMetro VancouverMarch 11, 191333,53533,5510.025.851297.3
Powell RiverPowell River, The Corporation of the City ofCityPowell RiverOctober 15, 195513,94313,1576.028.91482.4
Prince GeorgePrince George, City ofCityFraser-Fort GeorgeMarch 6, 191576,70874,0033.7316.74242.2
Prince RupertPrince Rupert, City ofCityNorth CoastMarch 10, 191012,30012,2200.766.00186.4
QuesnelQuesnel, City ofCityCaribooMarch 21, 19289,8899,8790.135.35279.8
RevelstokeRevelstoke, City ofCityColumbia ShuswapMarch 1, 18998,2757,5479.441.28200.5
RichmondRichmond, City ofCityMetro VancouverNovember 10, 1879209,937198,3095.9128.871629.0
RosslandRossland, The Corporation of the City ofCityKootenay BoundaryMarch 18, 18974,1403,72911.059.7269.3
Salmon ArmSalmon Arm, City ofCityColumbia ShuswapMay 15, 190519,43217,7069.7155.19125.2
SurreySurrey, City ofCityMetro VancouverNovember 10, 1879568,322517,8879.7316.111797.9
TerraceTerrace, City ofCityKitimat–StikineDecember 31, 192712,01711,6433.257.33209.6
TrailTrail, City ofCityKootenay BoundaryJune 14, 19017,9207,7092.734.90226.9
Vancouver[lower-alpha 1]Vancouver, City ofCityMetro VancouverApril 6, 1886662,248631,4864.9115.185749.9
VernonVernon, The Corporation of the City ofCityNorth OkanaganDecember 30, 189244,51940,11611.096.43461.7
Victoria[lower-alpha 2]Victoria, The Corporation of the City ofCityCapitalAugust 2, 186291,86785,7927.119.454722.3
West KelownaWest Kelowna, City ofCityCentral OkanaganJune 26, 2015[9]36,07832,65510.5122.09295.5
White RockWhite Rock, The Corporation of the City ofCityMetro VancouverApril 15, 195721,93919,95210.05.174240.6
Williams LakeWilliams Lake, City ofCityCaribooMarch 15, 192910,94710,7531.833.12330.5
Total cities — 2,950,111 2,881,552 8.03125 4,243 1031.435

Notes:

  1. Vancouver is Canada's eighth-largest city and British Columbia's largest city by population. The Vancouver CMA includes the cities of Burnaby, Coquitlam, Delta, Langley, Maple Ridge, New Westminster, North Vancouver, Pitt Meadows, Port Coquitlam, Port Moody, Richmond, Surrey, Vancouver and White Rock.
  2. Victoria is British Columbia's capital. The Victoria CMA includes the cities of Colwood, Langford and Victoria.

Manitoba
Cities and towns in Manitoba
Main article: List of cities in Manitoba

A community in Manitoba may seek city status once reaching a population of 7,500.[10] Manitoba's newest city is Morden, which changed from town to city status on August 24, 2012.[10]

Manitoba has 10 cities.

Notes:

  1. Dauphin is Manitoba's smallest city by area.
  2. Flin Flon is Manitoba's smallest city by population. The balance of Flin Flon is located within Saskatchewan.
  3. This area does not include 2.37 km2 (0.92 sq mi) in the Saskatchewan portion of Flin Flon. The city's total area in 2016 was 16.24 km2 (6.27 sq mi).
  4. Morden is Manitoba's newest city, incorporated August 24, 2012.
  5. Winnipeg is Canada's seventh-largest city and Manitoba's capital and largest city by both population and area. The Winnipeg census metropolitan area (CMA) is formed around the City of Winnipeg.

New Brunswick
Cities and towns in New Brunswick
Main article: List of cities in New Brunswick

New Brunswick has eight cities.

Name Council type[12] Council size[12] Population
(2023)[13]		 Population
(2011)[14]		 Change
(%)[14]		 Land
area
(km²)[14]		 Population
density
(per km²)[14]
Bathurst at-large 7 14,896 12,275 21.4 92.04 129.3
Campbellton[NB 1] ward 11 12,391 7,385 67.8 18.58 370.5
Dieppe ward 8 26,120 23,310 12.1 54.05 469.6
Edmundston ward 8 17,817 16,032 11.1 106.85 155.2
Fredericton[NB 2] ward 12 63,691 56,224 13.3 132.57 439.2
Miramichi at-large 8 18,033 17,811 1.2 179.93 99.0
Moncton[NB 3] ward 10 72,571 69,074 5.1 141.92 506.5
Saint John[NB 4] ward 10 67,575 70,063 −3.7 315.96 213.9
Total cities — — 293,364 256,141 1,040.22 261.7

Notes:

  1. Campbellton is New Brunswick's smallest city by population and area.
  2. Fredericton is New Brunswick's capital.
  3. The Moncton census metropolitan area (CMA) includes the City of Dieppe.
  4. Saint John is New Brunswick's second largest city by population and area. The Saint John CMA is formed around the City of Saint John.

Newfoundland and Labrador
Main article: List of cities and towns in Newfoundland and Labrador

Newfoundland and Labrador has three cities.

Name Population
(2016)[15]		 Population
(2011)[16]		 Change
(%)[16]		 Area
(km²)[16]		 Population
density[16]
Corner Brook[NL 1]19,80619,886−0.4148.26133.6
Mount Pearl[NL 2]22,95724,284−5.515.761,456.8
St. John's[NL 3]108,860106,1722.5445.88244.1
Total cities 151,623 150,342 −1.1 609.90 611.5

Notes:

  1. Corner Brook is Newfoundland and Labrador's smallest city by population.
  2. Mount Pearl is Newfoundland and Labrador's smallest city by area.
  3. St. John's is Newfoundland and Labrador's capital and largest city by both population and area. The St. John's census metropolitan area includes the cities of Mount Pearl and St. John's.

Northwest Territories
See also: List of communities in the Northwest Territories

As in the other two Canadian territories, the only incorporated city in the Northwest Territories is its capital, Yellowknife.

Name Population
(2016)[17]		 Population
(2011)[18]		 Change
(%)[18]		 Area
(km²)[18]		 Population
density[18]
Yellowknife19,56919,2341.7105.47185.5

Nova Scotia
Towns and former cities in Nova Scotia
See also: List of municipalities in Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia no longer has any incorporated cities, as they were amalgamated into regional municipalities in the 1990s.

Nunavut
See also: List of communities in Nunavut

As in the other two Canadian territories, the only incorporated city in Nunavut is its capital, Iqaluit.

Name Population
(2016)[19]		 Population
(2011)[20]		 Change
(%)[20]		 Area
(km²)[20]		 Population
density[20]
Iqaluit7,7406,69915.552.50147.4

Ontario
Main article: List of cities in Ontario

Ontario has 52 cities. In Ontario, city status is conferred by the provincial government, generally upon the request of the incorporated municipality. A municipality may apply for city status anytime after its population surpasses 10,000. This status is not automatically conferred on a community that reaches this population target, but must be requested by the municipality and granted by the provincial Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing. Not all municipalities which reach this population target have pursued city designation. For example, Ajax, Oakville, and Whitby, which all had populations greater than 100,000 in 2011, are still designated as towns.[21] Once designated a city, however, a municipality does not lose this status even if its population later falls back below 10,000 (as, for example, Dryden). Ontario's newest city is Richmond Hill, which changed from town to city status on March 25, 2019.[22]

    Prince Edward Island
    See also: List of municipalities in Prince Edward Island

    Prince Edward Island has two cities.

    Name County Population
    (2016)[26]    		 Population
    (2011)[27]    		 Change
    (%)[27]    		 Area
    (km²)[27]    		 Population
    density[27]
    Charlottetown[PE 1]Queens36,09434,5624.444.34814.1
    Summerside[PE 2]Prince14,82914,7510.528.49520.5
    Total cities – 50,923 49,313 2.45 72.83 667.3

    Notes:

    1. Charlottetown is Prince Edward Island's capital and larger city by population and area.
    2. Summerside is Prince Edward Island's smaller city by population and area.

    Quebec
    Main article: List of towns in Quebec
    See also: Types of municipalities in Quebec

    In Quebec, provincial law does not contain any cities at the current time, although the designation exists. — A ville, though legally a "township", may be informally referred to as a town or a city in English, but this is an arbitrary and subjective distinction. Quebec municipal types are cities (cités), townships (villes), and municipalités (municipalités).

    Quebec has 223 villes.

    Villes in Quebec

    Notes:

      Saskatchewan
      Main article: List of cities in Saskatchewan

      In Saskatchewan, Section 39(1) of The Cities Act indicates a town must have a population of 5,000 or more[28] and meet other criteria in order to incorporate as a city, although in the early 20th century several centres such as Saskatoon and Regina were granted city status despite having a smaller population. The City of Melville retains its city status despite dropping below 5,000 people in the 1990s. Kindersley has expressed an interest in applying for city status upon reaching the 5,000 milestone.[29] Saskatchewan's newest city is Warman, which changed from town to city status on October 24, 2012.[30]

      Saskatchewan has 16 cities.

      Name Rural municipality[31] Incorporation
      date (city) [32]      		 Population (2021) [33] Population
      (2016)[34]      		 Change (%) [33] Population
      (2011)[35]      		 Population
      (2006)[35]      		 Land
      area
      (km²)[33]      		 Population
      density
      (per km²)[33]
      EstevanEstevan No. 5 March 1, 1957 10,85111,483 -5.511,05410,08418.85586.6
      Flin Flon (part)[SK 1]— — 159203 -21.7229[SK 2]2422.37[SK 3]96.4
      HumboldtHumboldt No. 370 November 7, 2000 6,0335,869 2.85,6784,99813.46421.9
      Lloydminster (part)[SK 4]Britannia No. 502
      Wilton No. 472      		 January 1, 1958 11,84311,765 0.79,772[SK 5]8,11817.34[SK 6]563.6
      Martensville[SK 7]Corman Park No. 344 November 3, 2009 10,5499,645 9.37,7164,9786.231,239.3
      Meadow LakeMeadow Lake No. 588 November 9, 2009 5,3225,344 -0.45,0454,7717.95634.2
      MelfortStar City No. 428 September 2, 1980 5,9555,992 -0.65,5765,19214.78377.3
      Melville[SK 8]Cana No. 214 August 1, 1960 4,4934,562 -1.54,546[36]4,14914.82306.7
      Moose JawMoose Jaw No. 161 November 20, 1903 33,66533,890 -0.733,27432,13250.68656.5
      North BattlefordNorth Battleford No. 437 May 1, 1913 13,83614,315 -3.313,88813,19033.55414
      Prince AlbertPrince Albert No. 461 October 8, 1904 37,75635,926 5.135,12934,12765.74534.4
      Regina[SK 9]Sherwood No. 159 June 19, 1903 226,404215,106 5.3193,100179,282145.451,327.6
      Saskatoon[SK 10]Corman Park No. 344 May 26, 1906 266,141246,376 7.7222,189202,408209.561,060.3
      Swift CurrentSwift Current No. 137 January 15, 1914 16,75016,604 0.915,50314,94624.04644.9
      Warman[SK 11]Corman Park No. 344 October 27, 2012 12,41911,020 12.77,0844,7698.54829.7
      WeyburnWeyburn No. 67 September 1, 1913 11,01910,870 1.410,4849,43318.49566.9
      YorktonOrkney No. 244 February 1, 1928 16,28016,343 -0.415,66915,03825.77608.1
      Total cities — — 689,475 629,233 595,707 547,615 675.25 882.2

      Notes:

      1. The balance of Flin Flon is located within Manitoba.
      2. This population does not include 5,363 in the Manitoba portion of Flin Flon. The city's total population in 2011 was 5,592.
      3. This area does not include 13.88 km2 (5.36 sq mi) in the Manitoba portion of Flin Flon. The city's total area in 2011 was 16.25 km2 (6.27 sq mi).
      4. The balance of Lloydminster is located within Alberta.
      5. This population does not include 18,032 in the Alberta portion of Lloydminster. The city's total population in 2011 was 27,804.
      6. This area does not include 24.19 km2 (9.34 sq mi) in the Alberta portion of Lloydminster. The city's total area in 2011 was 41.53 km2 (16.03 sq mi).
      7. Martensville is Saskatchewan's smallest city by area.
      8. Melville is Saskatchewan's smallest city by population.
      9. Regina is Saskatchewan's capital and was its first city, incorporated June 19, 1903. The Regina census metropolitan area (CMA) is formed around the City of Regina.
      10. Saskatoon is Saskatchewan's largest city by both population and area. The Saskatoon CMA includes the cities of Martensville and Saskatoon.
      11. Warman is Saskatchewan's newest city, incorporated October 27, 2012.

      Yukon
      See also: List of communities in Yukon

      As in the other two Canadian territories, the only incorporated city in the Yukon is its capital, Whitehorse. Dawson was also previously incorporated as a city, but when the criteria were changed in the 1980s, its status was reduced to that of a town due to population. Through special provision, however, it was officially the town of the city of Dawson until 2001.[37]

      Name Population
      (2016)[38]      		 Population
      (2011)[39]      		 Change
      (%)[39]      		 Area
      (km²)[39]      		 Population
      density[39]
      Whitehorse25,08523,2767.8416.5460.2

      See also

      Notes
        1. The Barrie census metropolitan area (CMA) is formed around the City of Barrie.
        2. The Brantford CMA includes the City of Brantford as well as the County of Brant, which is a single-tier city.
        3. The City of Cambridge, as well as the cities of Kitchener and Waterloo, form parts of the Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo CMA.
        4. Dryden is Ontario's smallest city by population.
        5. Greater Sudbury is Ontario's largest city by area. The Greater Sudbury CMA is formed around the City of Greater Sudbury.
        6. Hamilton is Canada's tenth-largest city. The Hamilton CMA includes the cities of Burlington and Hamilton.
        7. The City of Kitchener, as well as the cities of Cambridge and Waterloo, form parts of the Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo CMA.
        8. The London CMA includes the cities of London and St. Thomas.
        9. Mississauga is Ontario's largest lower-tier city.
        10. The City of Niagara Falls, as well as the cities of Port Colborne, St. Catharines, Thorold and Welland, form parts of the St. Catharines–Niagara CMA.
        11. The Oshawa CMA is formed around the City of Oshawa.
        12. Ottawa is Canada's capital and fourth-largest city. The Ontario portion of the Ottawa–Gatineau CMA includes the cities of Clarence-Rockland and Ottawa.
        13. Pembroke is Ontario's smallest city by area.
        14. The Peterborough CMA is formed around the City of Peterborough.
        15. Richmond Hill is Ontario's newest city, adopting the name on March 26, 2019.
        16. The City of St. Catharines, as well as the cities of Niagara Falls, Port Colborne, Thorold and Welland, form parts of the St. Catharines–Niagara CMA.
        17. The Thunder Bay CMA is formed around the City of Thunder Bay.
        18. Toronto is Ontario's capital and Canada's and Ontario's largest city by population. The Toronto CMA includes the cities of Brampton, Markham, Mississauga, Pickering, Richmond Hill, Toronto and Vaughan.
        19. The City of Waterloo, as well as the cities of Cambridge and Kitchener, form parts of the Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo CMA.
        20. The Windsor CMA is formed around the City of Windsor.

        References
        1. "Municipal Government Act – Revised Statutes of Alberta 2000, Chapter M-26 (Section 82)". Alberta Queen's Printer. January 1, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
        2. "O.C. 395/2018 – Municipal Government Act". Alberta Queen’s Printer. Government of Alberta. December 11, 2018. Archived from the original on January 2, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
        3. "City Municipal Profiles" (PDF). Alberta Municipal Affairs. April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
        4. "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Alberta". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
        5. Government of British Columbia – Local Government Act
        6. "Order in Council No. 362". Province of British Columbia. September 22, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
        7. "Order of the Lieutenant Governor in Council: Order in Council No. 513" (PDF). Province of British Columbia. September 9, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
        8. "Order in Council 0187-2021". March 29, 2021. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
        9. "Order in Council No. 357". Province of British Columbia. June 26, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
        10. "Morden Gets City Status". City of Morden. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on September 23, 2012. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
        11. "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
        12. Saint John Telegraph-Journal: "municipal election 2016 results", p.A4-A5 10 May 2016
        13. "Local Governance Reform - White Paper" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. November 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
        14. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (New Brunswick)". Statistics Canada. May 28, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
        15. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses (Newfoundland and Labrador)". Statistics Canada.
        16. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Newfoundland and Labrador)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
        17. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses (Northwest Territories)". Statistics Canada.
        18. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Northwest Territories)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
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