Cerium(IV) hydroxide

Cerium(IV) hydroxide, also known as ceric hydroxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ce(OH)4. It is a yellowish powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in concentrated acids.[1]

Cerium(IV) hydroxide
Names
IUPAC name
cerium(4+);tetrahydroxide
Other names
ceric hydroxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.441
EC Number
  • 234-599-7
UNII
  • InChI=1S/Ce.4H2O/h;4*1H2/q+4;;;;/p-4
    Key: WTVAYLQYAWAHAX-UHFFFAOYSA-J
  • [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+4]
Properties
Ce(OH)4
Appearance bright yellow solid
Related compounds
Other cations
 lanthanum hydroxide
praseodymium hydroxide
Related compounds
 cerium(III) hydroxide
cerium dioxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Production

Cerium(IV) hydroxide can be produced by reacting cerium(III) carbonate and acetic acid, then oxidizing it with hydrogen peroxide in base. The reactions are:[2]

Ce2(CO3)3 + 6 CH3COOH → 2 Ce(CH3COO)3 + 3 CO2↑ + 3 H2O
2 Ce(CH3COO)3 + 3 H2O2 + 4 H2O → 2 Ce(OH)3(OOH) + 6 CH3COOH
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
2 Ce(OH)3(OOH) → 2 Ce(OH)4↓ + O2↑

The net equation is：

Ce2(CO3)3 + 6 CH3COOH + 3 H2O2 + 6 NaOH —343 K→ 2 Ce(OH)4 + 6 CH3COONa + O2↑ + 3 CO2↑ + 5 H2O

If using cerium(III) nitrate as ingredient, a similar reaction occurs:[3]

2 Ce(NO3)3 + 3 H2O2 + 6 NH3·H2O → 2 Ce(OH)3(OOH)↓ + 6 NH4NO3 + 2 H2O
Ce(OH)3(OOH) —Δ→ 2 Ce(OH)4↓ + O2↑

It might also prepared by addition of sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide to a Ce4+ solution, being obtained as a gelatinous precipitate described as CeO2·xH2O, (x = 0.5–2). Boiling an insoluble Ce4+ salt in NaOH gives granular Ce(OH)4.[1]

References
  1. Perry, Dale L. (2011). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-43-981461-1.
  2. 钟学明,邓安民,舒红英 等. 氢氧化铈合成的新方法. 过程工程学报. 2005.2. 5(1):74-77
  3. 李月红，李树胜，方中心. 高纯氢氧化铈生产工艺研究. 无机盐工业. 2011.9. 43(9): 40-42
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