Château de Beaumesnil

The château, one of France's smaller châteaus, designed and built by John Gallard during the reign of Louis XIII between 1633 and 1640, is constructed of stone and brick walls with a slate roof on the ruins of the motte-and-bailey castle that had stood on the site since medieval times. The east and west facades are heavily decorated with carvings — windows have grotesque masks inspired by the Commedia dell'arte, intertwined letters "M" and "D" allude to Marie Dauvet Des Marets, wife of Jacques, Marquis of Nonant and daughter Nicolas Brûlart de Sillery, Chancellor of France while the shields of the Montmorency-Laval branch of the Laval family appear above the main doorways.

The north and south pavilions were added to the building during the eighteenth century. The donjon (keep) that was built on a mound to the south of the site was converted into an icehouse.[4] The mound is now covered with a boxwood maze. The château and forecourt were built on the bailey with the forecourt. A footbridge provides access to the château from the east and a vehicular bridge provides access to the forecourt and château from the west. Another footbridge connects the forecourt with the motte.

The eastern side of the château overlooks a parterre laid to lawn with woodland on either side. In the 18th century, wings were added to both the northern and southern ends of the château. The "state" rooms — the library, the drawing room, the dining room, the mistress' apartment are on the first floor and are accessed using the grand staircase.[5]

The château, which is nicknamed "Norman Versailles", is located in a 60-hectare estate landscaped by La Quintinie, a student of André Le Nôtre, though little is left of la Quintinie's original gardens.[2][6] Much of the estate to the east of the château is wooded with a parterre laid to lawn, almost a kilometre in length, providing an impressive perspectives from the château's state rooms.[3] The parterre is broken by a large pond, approximately one hectare in the area, which has many features of a formal pond such as regular edging with specific geometric shapes.[3]

Two formal flower beds were laid out in the 18th century to the east of the château, the smaller Jardin des quatre saisons (Four Seasons garden) on the northern side of the forecourt and the larger semicircular Jardins demi-lune (Halfmoon garden) on the northern bank of the moat.

As part of a conservation plan, a kitchen garden with over 500 varieties of ancient vegetables, including unusual varieties like the devil's ear lettuce and rainbow corn has been cultivated.[7]

The château's library and 16th-century bookbinding museum were built up by the German-Jewish financier Hans Fürstenberg (1890 - 1982)[Note 1] who had fled Nazi Germany in 1937. He bought the château in 1938 and moved its collection of 16,000 books there, many of which dated from the seventeenth or eighteenth century. As the invasion of France drew near, valuable archives of the Bibliothèque nationale, the private archives of the King of the Belgians, the archives of Rouen and the Archives de France were moved to the château's library for safekeeping. Part of the collection was sent to Vichy France for safekeeping and the rest confiscated by the Nazi invaders.[8] Fürstenberg's own collection ended up at the Schloss Tanzenberg in Kärnten, Austria.[9] During the war, part of Fürstenberg's collection was lost, but the rest was returned to the château. After the war Fürstenberg rebuilt his collection, but in his later years sold parts of it to various institutes. Shortly after Fürstenberg's death, the library was further depleted when a number of items were sold to fund the Fondation Fürstenberg-Beaumesnil.[10]