Changan Automobile

Chang'an Automobile Co., Ltd.[2] is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Jiangbei, Chongqing.[3] Founded in 1862, it is China's oldest automobile maker.[4][5] It is currently the smallest of the "Big Four" state-owned car manufacturers of China, namely: SAIC Motor, FAW Group, Dongfeng Motor Corporation, and Changan Automobile, with car sales of 5.37 million, 3.50 million, 3.28 million and 2.30 million in 2021 respectively.[6]

For other uses, see Chang'an (disambiguation).
Chang'an Automobile (Group) Co., Ltd.
TypeState-owned
ISINCNE000000R36 Edit this on Wikidata
IndustryAutomotive
Founded1862 (1862)
Headquarters
Chongqing
,
China
Area served
Worldwide
ProductsMotor vehicles
Production output
1,900,000 units (2021) [1]
ParentChina South Industries Group
SubsidiariesChangan UK R&D Centre Ltd.
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese重庆长安汽车股份有限公司
Traditional Chinese重慶長安汽車股份有限公司
Literal meaningChongqing Chang'an Automobile Joint-stock Limited Corporation
Websiteglobalchangan.com

The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Changan, Oshan, Kaicene, as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as Changan-Ford and Changan-Mazda. In 2021, domestic branded cars took over 76% of sales (1.75m, 1.2m passenger vehicles).[7]

Its principal activity is the production of passenger cars, microvans, commercial vans and light trucks.[8]

It is China's second most popular car brand, with 1.4 million Changan cars sold in 2016.[9] A subsidiary of Changan, Chongqing Changan Automobile Company (SZSE: 000625), is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (but is also state controlled).[3]

History

Changan's early origins can be traced back to 1862 when Li Hongzhang set up a military supply factory, the Shanghai Foreign Gun Bureau.[10] It is China's oldest automobile maker.[5] In 1937, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the factory was moved to Chongqing when Shanghai was invaded and bombed.[11]

In 1959 a predecessor entity, Chongqing Chang'an Arsenal, under contract to the government, began auto manufacturing and built Changjiang Type 46 vehicle which was the first production vehicle of China.[12] Changan introduced minicar by licensing from Suzuki.[13]

In 2009, Changan acquired two smaller domestic automakers, Hafei and Changhe.[14] In 2013, Changhe was transferred to Jiangxi provincial government for restructuring, and later became a majority-owned subsidiary of another Chinese automaker BAIC Group.[15]

As of 2010, China Weaponry Equipment is the parent company of this state-owned automaker,[16] and that year Chang'an became the fourth most-productive car manufacturer in the Chinese automobile industry by selling 2.38 million units.[17]

The company also released a new logo for its consumer offerings in 2010 while commercial production retains the former red-arch brand.[8]

Although it only allowed the company to achieve fourth place among domestic automakers in terms of production, Changan made over 2 million whole vehicles in 2011.[18]

In 2012, it was reported that 72% of production was dedicated to passenger vehicles,[19] but this count likely conflates private offerings and microvans, tiny commercial trucks and vans that are popular in China.

In November 2012, Changan Ford Mazda Automobile was divided into two new joint venture companies: Changan Ford and Changan Mazda.[20]

Changan plans to ending production of vehicles powered solely by internal-combustion engines by 2025, as the automaker will be selling only hybrid vehicles and all-electric vehicles from 2025 as a result due to the climate change, air pollution issues in the China and stringent emissions regulations. The company stated that this is because Government of China announced that it has passed legislation that will ban new ICE-powered vehicles by the mid-2030s, due to high air pollution and due to China's reiterated commitment in the United Nations Paris Agreement as the automaker wants remain compliant with the government's automotive emission standards. The automaker is joining Volvo Cars, Jaguar Land Rover, Hongqi, BYD Auto, Lotus Cars, and several other automakers in planning on ceasing production of ICE-powered vehicles in the coming years.[21]

Changan said it plans to launch 21 electric cars in the 2021–2025 period, increasing its sales of that kind of vehicles to over 1 million units.[22]

Brands and products

Changan produces and markets vehicles primarily under 5 brands:[23]

  • Changan Auto for SUVs and passenger cars
    • Changan Qiyuan for entry premium electric vehicles line under Changan brand
  • Deepal (Shenlan) for electric vehicles
  • Avatr for premium electric vehicles, jointly invested by Chang'an and CATL
  • Oshan (frequently transliterated as Auchan, Ossan, or Oushan) for mid-level SUVs and MPVs
  • Kaicene for the commercial vehicles, light trucks, and MPVs
Sedan
SUV
Pickup truck
Sedan/hatchback
SUV
MPV

Chang'an Qiyuan

Chang'an Qiyuan (长安启源) is the entry level EV line under the Chang'an brand, launched in 2023. Models initially include the A05 compact sedan, the A06 compact sedan, and the A07 midsize sedan. The A06 is a rebadged Changan UNI-V with restyled front and rear ends.[24] The A05 is a rebadged Changan Yida with restyled front and rear ends.[25]

  • Changan Qiyuan A07 (to commence), mid-size sedan[26]
  • Changan Qiyuan A06 (to commence), compact sedan
  • Changan Qiyuan A05 (to commence), subcompact sedan
  • Changan Qiyuan Q05 (to commence), compact SUV

Deepal (Shenlan)
Main article: Deepal

Deepal (Chinese name Shenlan) is EV brand owned by Changan Automobile. The company was originally named Chongqing Changan New Energy Automobile Technology founded in 2018 and became an independent brand since 2023.

  • Deepal SL03
    Deepal SL03
  • Deepal S7
    Deepal S7

Oshan
Main article: Oshan (marque)

Oshan (Chinese: 欧尚) is a passenger car brand under Changan Automobile. It was originally known as the Changan Commercial Vehicles, the division which focus on micro vans and light trucks. The brand was renamed to Oshan in April 2017 and began to produce passenger vehicles since.

Current models
  • Chana Ruixing S50V
    Chana Ruixing S50V
  • Chana Ruixing S50T
    Chana Ruixing S50T
  • Chana Ruixing M90
    Chana Ruixing M90
  • Chana Ruixing M80
    Chana Ruixing M80
  • Chana Ruixing M70
    Chana Ruixing M70
  • Chana Honor
    Chana Honor
  • Kaicene F30
    Kaicene F30
  • Kaicene F70
    Kaicene F70
  • Kaicene Star Truck
    Kaicene Star Truck
  • Kaicene Shenqi T30
    Kaicene Shenqi T30

Former models

Sales
Chang'an group sales (joint-venture brands excluded)[27][28]
Year Total[lower-alpha 1] Changan[lower-alpha 2] Oshan Deepal
2010 1,316,557 - -
2011 987,991 - -
2012 950,568 - -
2013 990,556 - -
2014 1,126,011 - -
2015 1,270,154 - -
2016 1,382,917 - -
2017 1,327,168 339,910 -
2018 1,139,540 192,745 -
2019 1,060,676 153,258 -
2020 1,306,169 861,750 113,820 -
2021 1,557,282 998,921 194,381 -
2022 1,874,569 1,125,048 222,030 33,354

Joint ventures

Like most major Chinese automakers, Changan partners with Western and Japanese companies to produce and sell the products of these foreign firms in China. It also partners with other companies within China to augment manufacturer capacity and share development costs.

Changan currently participates in the following joint ventures:

Avatr Technology
Main article: Avatr Technology

Avatr Technology is a premium EV brand Changan joint-ventured with battery provider CATL and multiple Chinese domestic foundations, technology supported by Huawei.[29]

Ford (2001–present)
Main article: Changan Ford
A Chinese police Ford Focus, 2007

In 2001, Chang'an Ford was formed[31] and initially built Ford-branded passenger vehicles from complete knock down kits.[12]

Making Chinese-market versions of Ford consumer offerings,[8] its 2010 dealer network was thought to include many showrooms in second- and third-tier Chinese cities such as Chongqing.[32] So-called second- and third-tier cities are large and medium-sized cities not among the top four in terms of population and contribution to GDP.[33]

Changan Mazda (2012–present)
Main article: Changan Mazda

Changan Kuayue

Chongqing Kuayue Automobile is a co-operative venture between Changan and Chongqing Kuayue Group specializing in commercial vehicle production.[34]

The group builds commercial vehicles for Changan primarily under the Kuayue and Kaicene brands.

Kuayue commercial vehicles rebranded as Mamut in former Soviet countries.

Current models
  • Kuayue Kuayuexing V3
    Kuayue Kuayuexing V3
  • Kuayue Kuayuexing V5 EV
    Kuayue Kuayuexing V5 EV
  • Kuayue V5
    Kuayue V5
  • Kuayue Kuayuewang X1
    Kuayue Kuayuewang X1
  • Kuayue Kuayuewang X5
    Kuayue Kuayuewang X5

Former models
  • Kuayue Xinbao mini
    Kuayue Xinbao mini
  • Kuayue Xinbao
    Kuayue Xinbao
  • Kuayue Xinbao T3
    Kuayue Xinbao T3
  • Kuayue Kuayuewang X5
    Kuayue Kuayuewang X5
  • Kuayue Xinbao V5
    Kuayue Xinbao V5
  • Kuayue Xunlong
    Kuayue Xunlong

Jiangling Investment and Jiangling Motor Holding

Jiangling Motor Holding Co. Ltd. (simplified Chinese: 江西江铃控股有限公司; traditional Chinese: 江西江鈴控股有限公司; pinyin: Jiāngxī Jiānglíng Kònggǔ Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī), also known by the initialism JMH, was a joint venture established in October 2004 and controlled equally by Changan and JMCG. To create Jiangling Motor Holding Changan invested money and in exchange JMCG transferred its Jiangling Motors Corporation (JMC) equity to the venture. Jiangling Motor Holding was the largest shareholder of JMC,[36] with a 41.03% stake as of March 2018.[37] JMH also owned the Landwind marque.[36][38]

In April 2019, it was announced that JMCG and Changan planned to split JMH into two separate companies: one keeping the same name and other tentatively called Jiangling Investment. Jiangling Investment would hold the 41.03% JMC stake and some liabilities and would still be equally owned by Changan and JMCG. The new JMH would own the rest of the former JMH assets (including Landwind)[39][40] and it would issue 100% more shares to be sold to investors, leaving JMCG and Changan with a 25% stake each.[40] Jiangling Investment was formally established in May 2019, completing the split of the former JMH.[41] In June 2019, it was announced that the investor for the new JMH was the car manufacturer Aiways. Aiways acquired a 50% of the new JMH with the aim of securing production permits for new energy vehicles.[42][43]

Changan PSA (2010-2020)
Main article: Changan PSA
DS 5LS

Changan and the French car manufacturer PSA Peugeot Citroën agreed in 2010 to set up a 50/50 passenger car and light commercial vehicle-making joint venture.[44] Named CAPSA, it was the PSA Group's second joint venture company in China, after Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile, and its first with Chang'an.[45] Centering on a newly built production base in Shenzhen, it was estimated that initial production capacity for the project will be 200,000 units/year.[46] Manufacturing commenced in 2014, with China specific Citroën DS models; the DS 5LS first and then the DS 6WR.[47] The venture was dissolved in 2020.

Changan Suzuki (1983-2021)
Chang'an Suzuki SC7080 Alto
Main article: Changan Suzuki

Technical and commercial cooperation with Suzuki Motors, beginning in 1983, saw Changan assembling inexpensive commercial trucks (originally the Suzuki Carry ST90 as the Chang'an SC112[48]) under license into the 2000s.[49] The two companies formed Chongqing Chang'an Suzuki Automobile Co in 1993,[31] which built licensed versions of the Suzuki Alto, Suzuki Cultus, and more recently the Swift.

In parallel with its Suzuki joint venture, Changan also continued to build small trucks and vans for commercial use based on the 1999 Suzuki Carry license, but independently developed vehicles are quickly replacing them.[49] These small cars carry the Changan brand name although Suzuki technology is used in their design and manufacture.

On 4 September 2018, Suzuki transferred its 50 percent stake in Changan Suzuki to Chang'an Automobile Group, ending 25 years of joint venture. Under the plan, Chang'an would continue to make and sell Suzuki-branded cars in China under license.

In 2021, Changan Suzuki was renamed to Chongqing Lingyao Automobile.[50]

Production and research facilities

Domestic

Changan has four major production bases (in the City of Chongqing, Hebei province, Jiangsu province, and Jiangxi province), eleven automobile production bases, and two engine production bases in mainland China[51] for a more-current total of 21 vehicle-making bases including newer sites in Anhui province, Guangdong province, Heilongjiang province, Shandong province, and Shanxi province.

Anhui

A planned 300,000 units/year capacity mini-vehicle production base in Hefei, Anhui province, should see completion in 2011. Production capacity figures may consider engines and vehicles as discrete.

Beijing

An existing R&D center in Beijing[52] will soon be joined by a passenger car production base in Fangshan District, Beijing, which will become operational in 2012.

Chongqing

Chang'an has numerous sites in the city of Chongqing. A Chang'an-Ford plant and another, planned Chang'an-Ford plant (which may produce engines[53]) are joined by a Chongqing-based R&D center[52] and an industrial park in Yubei, Chongqing.

Hebei

An industrial park in Hebei province may continue to be Chang'an controlled.

Heilongjiang

A Harbin, Heilongjiang province, R&D center, is now a Chang'an asset.[52] It may have been owned by Hafei prior.

Jiangsu

A Chang'an-Ford plant and an industrial park in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, may comprise Chang'an operations in this province.

Jiangxi

A planned Chang'an commercial vehicle production base in Nanchang, capital of Jiangxi province, will produce JMC and Ford-branded vehicles[53] and join an R&D center[52] as a second facility in this province. The latter facility may be a former Changhe asset.

Shanghai

Chang'an has an R&D center in this coastal city.[52]

International

The company maintains four factories in international markets and several overseas R&D centers. Chang'an had an assembly plant in Poteau, Oklahoma, piecing together products sold under the Tiger Truck brand from 2007 to 2010.[54] The Changan CS35 is built in Lipetsk region of Russia since 2016.[55] Also Changan vans and pickup trucks were assembled at Ganja Auto Plant in Ganja city, Azerbaijan in 2005.

Karachi

Changan has built a production facility in Karachi Pakistan. A joint venture with Master Motors with an investment of US$100 million. This plant will make right hand drive passenger vehicles for Pakistan as well other right hand drive markets. First Made in Pakistan unit of Changan rolled out on 2 May 2019. With a manufacturing capacity of 30,000 cars per year this facility will be Changan's first to produce right hand drive cars.

R&D centers

Chang'an has over 7,000 engineers and researcher working in R&D facilities in Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai and Harbin,[10] Turin, Italy,[52] and Yokohama, Japan.[52] It set up two more in 2011. These are located in Birmingham (originally was set up in Nottingham), United Kingdom, and Detroit, United States.[56] The Detroit center opened in early 2011, and its office was moved to Plymouth 2015.[57][58]

Notes
  1. Including passenger and commercial vehicle
  2. Chang'an brand passenger vehicle only

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