Changfeng Motor

GAC Changfeng Motor Co Ltd[1] is a Chinese automobile manufacturer wholly owned by GAC Group but which originated as a branch of the People's Liberation Army. Changfeng produced mainly light trucks, and as of 2008 the majority of their sales had been to the Chinese state.

GAC Changfeng Motor Co., Ltd.
TypeSubsidiary of Guangzhou Automobile Group
IndustryAutomotive
Founded1950 (Original establishment)
1996 (CMC establishment)
2009-12-30 (GAC Changfeng Motor Co., Ltd.)
Headquarters
Changsha, Hunan
,
China
Area served
China
ProductsAutomobiles
Changfeng Motor
Simplified Chinese广汽长丰汽车股份有限公司
Traditional Chinese廣汽長豐汽車股份有限公司

The company has manufactured license built Mitsubishi Pajero copies sold in China under the Mitsubishi brand as well as Pajero variations that bear the brand name Lièbào, which means cheetah, the Lièbào name later transformed into Leopaard.[2][3] They also offer two variations of Mitsubishi pickups: Fine, and Flying.[4] The Kylin was a compact hatchback offered during a short-lived, three year, joint venture with Bird Technology, a Chinese mobile phone maker. Its name, from a mythical Chinese beast, the qilin.[5] The Kylin was included in Changfeng's appearance at the Detroit Auto show in 2008.

History

Hunan Changfeng Motor Co. era

Changfeng had its origins in No.7319 Factory,[6] which was a small repair facility for military equipment.[7] Production of SUVs (license built Beijing BJ2020s) began in 1988, and in 1996 the name of the company was changed to Changfeng Auto Manufacturing. Until 1996, the company was a commercial affiliate of the People's Liberation Army (PLA).[8] The 1991 Mitsubishi Pajero has been built by Changfeng since 1995.[6] The company has exclusively produced light trucks.[4]

In 2009-12-25, Hunan Changfeng Motor Co. announced the company name would be changed to GAC Changfeng Motor Co., Ltd. (湖南长丰汽车制造股份有限公司), effective in 2009-12-30.[9]

Acquisition by GAC Group
Liebao CS6
ChangFeng Flying

Prior a minority shareholder with only 29% ownership,[10] GAC Group took control of Changfeng[11] in 2012 after a long run-up dating from 2009[12] that included promises to turn the company into a joint venture with Mitsubishi.[10] Previously, 22% of the company was owned by Changfeng Group[13] and another 15% by Mitsubishi.[12] These stakes were sold in 2011.[11] As a result of being acquired by GAC, the company was delisted from the Shanghai stock exchange on March 20, 2012.

During the acquisition process, Changfeng's Shanghai listed stock fluctuated wildly leading to its suspension from October 28, 2010, until sometime after March 17, 2011.[14]

Bankruptcy
Abandoned Leopaard R&D center in Shunyi, Beijing. Photographed in October 2021.

As of July 2021, Hunan Leopaard Motors Co., Ltd. has declared bankruptcy.[15] The news follows predictions and evaluations done in October 2019, stating that Leopaard Motors would be bankrupt by the end of 2019 due to slow sales.[16]

Subsidiaries

In late 2010, Mitsubishi and Guangzhou Automobile Group signed a memorandum of understanding to set up a new equally owned joint venture by restructuring Changfeng.[17] Although this would have required Mitsubishi to increase its ownership to fifty percent,[10] in 2011 Mitsubishi sold its entire stake in the company, instead.[11]

In 2011, it was reported that GAC would take control of Changfeng's Lièbào brand, which markets SUVs based on the Mitsubishi Pajero built in Changsha and Yongzhou. Production in Changsha was to be discontinued after the transfer to GAC.[18]

  • GAC Mitsubishi Motors Co., Ltd.: In October 2012, GAC and Mitsubishi Motors announced the new joint venture, GAC Mitsubishi Motors Co., Ltd., would take over ″the factory (Xing Sha Factory), supply-chain, distribution channel and marketing know-how available from GACCF″.[19]
  • Hunan Liebao Automobile Co., Ltd.: In 2012 Changfeng Group began moves to re-enter the vehicle business culminating in the move to a new headquarters in Changsha in January 2013 and the establishment of a new subsidiary, Hunan Liebao Automobile Co., Ltd., alongside the continuing Anhui Changfeng Yangzi Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd., to oversea manufacturing and marketing of vehicles under the Liebao or "Leopaard" brand.[20]

Products

The representing main brand of Changfeng Motor is currently Leopaard, which mainly sells SUVs and crossovers. Available products are listed below.

Leopaard
  • Leopaard Kylin
    Leopaard Kylin
  • Leopaard Q6
    Leopaard Q6
  • Leopaard CT7
    Leopaard CT7
  • Leopaard CS3 BEV
    Leopaard CS3 BEV
  • Leopaard CS7 (Discontinued)
    Leopaard CS7 (Discontinued)
  • Leopaard CS9
    Leopaard CS9
  • Leopaard CS10
    Leopaard CS10
  • Leopaard Mattu
    Leopaard Mattu
  • Leopaard Coupe
    Leopaard Coupe

Passenger car

The company premiered a concept car at the 2009 Auto Shanghai, and a sedan, the CP2, was revealed at the 2011 Shanghai Autoshow.[21]

Mitsubishi

Since 1995, Changfeng has produced license-built Mitsubishi vehicles for both military and civilian use,[22] and until 2011, this Japanese automaker held 15% ownership of the company.[11]

Production

Changfeng had assembly plants in Yangzi, Anhui province, as well as Changsha and Yongzhou, Hunan province; component factories in Hengyang, Hunan, and in Huizhou, Guangdong province.[4]

Export

While most of Changfeng's sales were domestic, since 2006 the company had also exported vehicles to Russia,[23] the Southeast Asia, Middle East, and Africa.[24] Such exports are most likely to be of a nominal nature.

Sales

It was reported that the company sold between 30,000 and 50,000 vehicles a year from 2009 to 2011.[25]

State as primary customer

Originally a company associated with the PLA, it has historically manufactured primarily for Chinese state use. As of 2008, most sales, close to seventy percent,[26] were to police, military, and other government agencies.[23]

References
  1. "广汽长丰汽车股份有限公司 600991" [Guangzhou Automobile, Changfeng Automobile Co., Ltd. (600991)]. Shanghai Stock Exchange. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  2. "Guangzhou Auto Acquires Small SUV Maker Changfeng Motor chinabuses.com, {{date|31|5|2009}}". Archived from the original on 2013-09-28. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
  3. Pajero Changfeng Official Site (Web Archive)
  4. Mark Bursa (Jan 24, 2007). "EMERGING MARKETS ANALYSIS: Changfeng Motor 'goes Borat'". Just-auto.
  5. "China Auto Web".
  6. World of Cars 2006·2007. Warsaw, Poland: Media Connection Sp. z o.o. 2006. p. 228.
  7. The Chinese are coming! Superexcellent! Changfeng is latest Chinese automaker with U.S. dreams motortrend.com, January 9, 2007
  8. "Mitsubishi Motors Plans to Double Stake in China's Changfeng". Bloomberg. 20 June 2003. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
  9. 湖南长丰汽车制造股份有限公司 关于公司名称及证券简称变更的公告 [Hunan Changfeng Motor Co announcement on the company name and the securities referred to change] (in Chinese). Changfeng Motor. 25 December 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2010.
  10. "GAC to form Mitsubishi JV based on GAC Changfeng". reuters.com. Thomson Reuters. Nov 6, 2010. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  11. Lee, Carmen (February 10, 2012). "GAC Group's application to acquire Changfeng gains written approval". Automotive News. gasgoo.com. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  12. Yan, Fang; Klamann, Edmund (May 19, 2009). "UPDATE 1-Guangzhou Auto to buy into Changfeng Motor -source". reuters.com. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
  13. Lagging far behind, Mitsubishi looks to new joint partnership peopledaily.com.cn, November 15, 2010
  14. For 2009 volatility, see "Hunan Changfeng Motor Co stock exchange notice unusual fluctuations". Changfeng Motor. February 2009. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  15. "猎豹汽车已申请破产重组，曾经的SUV巨头或将退出历史舞台".
  16. "Trouble bodes for Chinese EV industry".
  17. "Mitsubishi, GAC Sign Joint Venture MOU, to Build ASX Compact SUV". ChinaAutoWeb.com. Archived from the original on 2018-08-24.
  18. Carmen Lee (Jan 20, 2011). "Liebao to become GAC's second own brand". Gasgoo.
  19. "GAC Mitsubishi Motors Co., Ltd., a Joint Venture of Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Motors Corporation and Mitsubishi Corporation, Commences Operation". October 12, 2012.
  20. "LieBao Vehicle official website".
  21. For 2009 concept, see "Changfeng Acumen at 2009 Guangzhou Auto Show". Inside Line. Nov 25, 2009. Archived from the original on July 6, 2010.
  22. Mitsubishi Pajero to become a Changfeng Pajero? chinacartimes.com 25 JUNE 2009
  23. Mitsubishi, Changfeng to form China auto JV chinadaily.com, 2008-01-15
  24. "China SUV maker Changfeng plans U.S. debut", reuters.com, Thomson Reuters, 2007-01-08
  25. "GAC Changfeng Motor". China Auto Web.
  26. Changfeng Motors, Mitsubishi to expand cooperation hktdc.com, 15 Jan 2008
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