Cork encoding

The Cork (also known as T1 or EC) encoding is a character encoding used for encoding glyphs in fonts.[1] It is named after the city of Cork in Ireland, where during a TeX Users Group (TUG) conference in 1990 a new encoding was introduced for LaTeX.[1] It contains 256 characters supporting most west- and east-European languages with the Latin alphabet.[2]

Details

In 8-bit TeX engines the font encoding has to match the encoding of hyphenation patterns where this encoding is most commonly used.[3] In LaTeX one can switch to this encoding with \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}, while in ConTeXt MkII this is the default encoding already. In modern engines such as XeTeX and LuaTeX Unicode is fully supported and the 8-bit font encodings are obsolete.

Character set
Cork encoding
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x `
0060		 ´
00B4		 ˆ
02C6		 ˜
02DC		 ¨
00A8		 ˝
02DD		 ˚
02DA		 ˇ
02C7		 ˘
02D8		 ¯
00AF		 ˙
02D9		 ¸
00B8		 ˛
02DB		 ‚
201A		 ‹
2039		 ›
203A
1x “
201C		 ”
201D		 „
201E		 «
00AB		 »
00BB		 –
2013		 —
2014		 ZWSP ₀[lower-alpha 1]
2080		 ı[lower-alpha 2]
0131		 ȷ[lower-alpha 2]
0237		 ff
FB00		 fi
FB01		 fl
FB02		 ffi
FB03		 ffl
FB04
2x  SP  ! " # $ % & ’
2019		 ( ) * + , - . /
3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5x P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
6x ‘
2018		 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7x p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ SHY[lower-alpha 3]
8x Ă
0102		 Ą
0104		 Ć
0106		 Č
010C		 Ď
010E		 Ě
011A		 Ę
0118		 Ğ
011E		 Ĺ
0139		 Ľ
013D		 Ł
0141		 Ń
0143		 Ň
0147		 Ŋ
014A		 Ő
0150		 Ŕ
0154
9x Ř
0158		 Ś
015A		 Š
0160		 Ș
0218		 Ť
0164		 Ț
021A		 Ű
0170		 Ů
016E		 Ÿ
0178		 Ź
0179		 Ž
017D		 Ż
017B		 IJ
0132		 İ
0130		 đ
0111		 §
00A7
Ax ă
0103		 ą
0105		 ć
0107		 č
010D		 ď
010F		 ě
011B		 ę
0119		 ğ
011F		 ĺ
013A		 ľ
013E		 ł
0142		 ń
0144		 ň
0148		 ŋ
014B		 ő
0151		 ŕ
0155
Bx ř
0159		 ś
015B		 š
0161		 ș
0219		 ť
0165		 ț
021B		 ű
0171		 ů
016F		 ÿ
00FF		 ź
017A		 ž
017E		 ż
017C		 ij
0133		 ¡
00A1		 ¿
00BF		 £
00A3
Cx À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï
Dx Ð[lower-alpha 4] Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Œ
0152		 Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ SS[lower-alpha 5]
1E9E
Ex à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï
Fx ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö œ
0153		 ø ù ú û ü ý þ ß
00DF

Notes
  • Hexadecimal values under the characters in the table are the Unicode character codes.
  • The first 12 characters are often used as combining characters.
  1. 0x18 is just a "trailing zero", used to compose ‰ or ‱ (or arbitrary smaller quantities) out of percent sign (%).
  2. Dotless i and dotless j may be used to compose accented variants like i with macron (ī).
  3. 0x7F is the hyphenation character (not really a soft hyphen).
  4. 0xD0 is used both as Eth (Ð, U+00D0) and as D with stroke (Đ, U+0110) which might be a problem at some occasions (like copying text from PDF, hyphenation, ...)
  5. 0xDF contains SS (two letters S). It allows TeX to automatically convert the German lowercase ß into the uppercase form.

Supported languages

The encoding supports most European languages written in Latin alphabet. Notable exceptions are:

Languages with slightly suboptimal support include:


References
  1. Petrlik, Lukas (1996-06-19). "The Czech and Slovak Character Encoding Mess Explained". cs-encodings-faq. 1.10. Archived from the original on 2016-06-21. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  2. Ferguson, Michael (1990), "Report on Multilingual Activities" (PDF), TUGboat, 11 (4): 514–516
  3. TeX hyphenation patterns
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