Dallas County, Texas

Dallas County is the second-most populous county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 2,613,539,[1] making it the ninth-most populous county in the country. Dallas County is included in the Dallas-Arlington-Fort Worth metropolitan statistical area—colloquially referred to as the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Municipal expansion within Dallas County has blurred the geographic lines between cities and between neighboring counties.[2]

Not to be confused with Dallam County, Texas.

Dallas County
County
From top, left to right: Dallas panorama, Dallas Hall in University Park, Texas, former Dallas County Courthouse with the Texas flag in 2017, Las Colinas in Irving
Flag of Dallas County
Flag
Map of Texas highlighting Dallas County
Location within the U.S. state of Texas
Map of the United States highlighting Texas
Texas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 32°46′N 96°47′W
Country United States
State Texas
FoundedMarch 30, 1846
Named forGeorge M. Dallas
SeatDallas
Largest cityDallas
Area
 • Total908.54 sq mi (2,353.1 km2)
 • Land873.06 sq mi (2,261.2 km2)
 • Water35.48 sq mi (91.9 km2)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total2,613,539 Increase
 • Density2,994/sq mi (1,156/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional districts5th, 6th, 24th, 30th, 32nd, 33rd
Websitewww.dallascounty.org

Its county seat is the city of Dallas,[3] which is also Texas' third-largest city and the ninth-largest city in the United States. The county was founded in 1846 and was possibly named for George Mifflin Dallas, the 11th Vice President of the United States under U.S. President James K. Polk.

Geography
1893 USGS map of Dallas County

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 909 square miles (2,350 km2), of which 873 square miles (2,260 km2) is land and 36 square miles (93 km2) (4.0%) is water.[4] 3,519 acres of the county is contained within 21 county-owned nature preserves, which were acquired through the county's Open Space Program.[5][6]

Adjacent counties

Climate
Dallas County
Climate chart (explanation)
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Source: [7]
Imperial conversion
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Communities

Cities (multiple counties)

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

Historical communities

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18502,743—
18608,665215.9%
187013,81459.4%
188033,488142.4%
189067,042100.2%
190082,72623.4%
1910135,74864.1%
1920210,55155.1%
1930325,69154.7%
1940398,56422.4%
1950614,79954.3%
1960951,52754.8%
19701,327,32139.5%
19801,556,39017.3%
19901,852,81019.0%
20002,218,89919.8%
20102,368,1396.7%
20202,613,53910.4%
2022 (est.)2,600,840−0.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
2010–2020[1]
Demographic Profile of Dallas County, Texas
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[14] Pop 2020[15] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 784,693 724,987 33.14% 27.74%
Black or African American alone (NH) 518,732 564,741 21.90% 21.61%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 7,330 6,743 0.31% 0.26%
Asian alone (NH) 117,797 181,314 4.97% 6.94%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 874 1,175 0.04% 0.04%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 3,346 9,990 0.14% 0.38%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 29,427 66,754 1.24% 2.55%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 905,940 1,057,835 38.26% 40.48%
Total 2,368,139 2,613,539 100.00% 100.00%

Note: the U.S. Census Bureau treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

Per the 2010 census,[16] there were 2,368,139 people, 807,621 households, and 533,837 families residing in the county. The population density was 2,523 people per square mile (974 people/km2). There were 854,119 housing units at an average density of 971 units per square mile (375 units/km2). In 2018, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated Dallas County to have a total of 2,637,772 residents, 1,027,930 housing units, and 917,276 households.[17][18] By 2020, its population was 2,613,539.[15]

Ethnic origins in Dallas County, TX

In 2010, the racial and ethnic makeup of the county was 53.4% White (33.12% non-Hispanic white), 22.30% Black or African American, 0.10% Native American, 5.15% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 14.04% from other races, and 2.70% from two or more races. 38.30% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. During the 2015 Texas population estimate program, non-Hispanic whites made up 713,835 of the county's residents (28.1%); non-Hispanic blacks, 565,020 (22.2%); other non-Hispanics, 197,082 (7.7%); and Hispanics and Latinos (of any race), 1,065,591 (41.9%).[19] At the 2020 U.S. census, the racial and ethnic makeup was 27.74% non-Hispanic white, 21.61% Black or African American, 0.26% Native American, 6.94% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.38% some other race, 2.55% multiracial, and 40.48% Hispanic or Latino American of any race.[15] The increase among people of color reflected nationwide demographic trends of greater diversification.[20]

In 2010, there were 807,621 households, out of which 35.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.90% were married couples living together, 14.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.90% were non-families. 27.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.34. As of the 2010 census, there were about 8.8 same-sex couples per 1,000 households in the county.[21]

In the wider county, the population was spread out, with 27.90% under the age of 18, 10.70% from 18 to 24, 34.40% from 25 to 44, 18.90% from 45 to 64, and 8.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 99.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $43,324, and the median income for a family was $49,062. Males had a median income of $34,988 versus $29,539 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,603. About 10.60% of families and 13.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.00% of those under age 18 and 10.50% of those age 65 or over. At the 2020 American Community Survey, the median household income increased to $61,870.[22]

Government and politics

Government
Former Dallas County Courthouse

Dallas County, like all counties in Texas, is governed by a commissioners' court. This court consists of the county judge (the chairperson of the court), who is elected county-wide, and four commissioners who are elected by the voters in each of four precincts.

The Commissioners' Court is the policy-making body for the county; in addition, the county judge is the senior executive and administrative position in the county. The Commissioners' Court sets the county tax rate, adopts the budget, appoints boards and commissions, approves grants and personnel actions, and oversees the administration of county government. Each commissioner also supervises a Road and Bridge District. The Commissioners Court also approves the budget and sets the tax rate for the hospital district, which is charged with the responsibility for providing acute medical care for citizens who otherwise would not receive adequate medical services.[23]

County Commissioners
Office[24] Name Party
  County Judge Clay Jenkins Democratic
  Commissioner, Precinct 1 Theresa Daniel Democratic
  Commissioner, Precinct 2 Andrew Sommerman Democratic
  Commissioner, Precinct 3 John Wiley Price Democratic
  Commissioner, Precinct 4 Elba Garcia Democratic

County Officials
Office[24] Name Party
  County Clerk John Warren Democratic
  Criminal District Attorney John Creuzot Democratic
  District Clerk Felicia Pitre Democratic
  Sheriff Marian Brown Democratic
  Tax Assessor-Collector John Ames Democratic
  Treasurer Pauline Medrano Democratic

Constables
Office[24] Name Party
  Constable, Precinct 1 Tracey Gulley Democratic
  Constable, Precinct 2 Deanna Hammond Democratic
  Constable, Precinct 3 Ben Adamcik Republican
  Constable, Precinct 4 Edward Wright Democratic
  Constable, Precinct 5 Michael Orozco Democratic

Justices of the Peace
Office[24] Name Party
  Justice of the Peace, Precinct 1, Place 1 Thomas G. Jones Democratic
  Justice of the Peace, Precinct 1, Place 2 Valencia Nash Democratic
  Justice of the Peace, Precinct 2, Place 1 Margaret O’Brien Democratic
  Justice of the Peace, Precinct 2, Place 2 Katina Whitfield Democratic
  Justice of the Peace, Precinct 3, Place 1 Al Cercone Republican
  Justice of the Peace, Precinct 3, Place 2 Steven L. Seider Republican
  Justice of the Peace, Precinct 4, Place 1 Mike Jones Democratic
  Justice of the Peace, Precinct 4, Place 2 Sasha Moreno Democratic
  Justice of the Peace, Precinct 5, Place 1 Sara Martinez Democratic
  Justice of the Peace, Precinct 5, Place 2 Juan Jasso Democratic

County Criminal Courts
Office[24] Name Party
  County Criminal Court No. 1 Dan Patterson Democratic
  County Criminal Court No. 2 Julia Hayes Democratic
  County Criminal Court No. 3 Audrey Moorehead Democratic
  County Criminal Court No. 4 Nancy Mulder Democratic
  County Criminal Court No. 5 Lisa Green Democratic
  County Criminal Court No. 6 Angela M. King Democratic
  County Criminal Court No. 7 Remeko T. Edwards Democratic
  County Criminal Court No. 8 Carmen P. White Democratic
  County Criminal Court No. 9 Peggy Hoffman Democratic
  County Criminal Court No. 10 Etta J. Mullin Democratic
  County Criminal Court No. 11 Shequitta Kelly Democratic

County Criminal Courts of Appeals
Office[24] Name Party
  County Criminal Court of Appeals No. 1 Kristin Wade Democratic
  County Criminal Court of Appeals No. 2 Pamela Luther Democratic

County Civil Courts
Office[24] Name Party
  County Court at Law No. 1 D'Metria Benson Democratic
  County Court at Law No. 2 Melissa Bellan Democratic
  County Court at Law No. 3 Sally Montgomery Democratic
  County Court at Law No. 4 Paula Rosales Democratic
  County Court at Law No. 5 Mark Greenberg Democratic

County Probate Courts
Office[24] Name Party
  County Probate Court No. 1 Brenda Hull Thompson Democratic
  County Probate Court No. 2 Ingrid Michelle Warren Democratic
  County Probate Court No. 3 Margaret Jones-Johnson Democratic

Criminal District Courts
Office[24] Name Party
  Criminal District Court No. 1 Tina Clinton Democratic
  Criminal District Court No. 2 Nancy Kennedy Democratic
  Criminal District Court No. 3 Audra Riley Democratic
  Criminal District Court No. 4 Dominique Collins Democratic
  Criminal District Court No. 5 Carter Thompson Democratic
  Criminal District Court No. 6 Jeanine Howard Democratic
  Criminal District Court No. 7 Chika Anyiam Democratic
  194th District Court Ernest White III Democratic
  195th District Court Hector Garza Democratic
  203rd District Court Raquel Jones Democratic
  204th District Court Tammy Kemp Democratic
  265th District Court Jennifer Bennett Democratic
  282nd District Court Amber Givens Democratic
  283rd District Court Lela Mays Democratic
  291st District Court Stephanie Huff Democratic
  292nd District Court Brandon Birmingham Democratic
  363rd District Court Tracy Holmes Democratic

Civil District Courts
Office[24] Name Party
  14th District Court Eric Moyé Democratic
  44th District Court Veretta Frazier Democratic
  68th District Court Martin Hoffman Democratic
  95th District Court Monica Purdy Democratic
  101st District Court Staci Williams Democratic
  116th District Court Tonya Parker Democratic
  134th District Court Dale Tillery Democratic
  160th District Court Aiesha Redmond Democratic
  162nd District Court Maricela Moore Democratic
  191st District Court Gena Slaughter Democratic
  192nd District Court Maria Aceves Democratic
  193rd District Court Bridgett Whitmore Democratic
  298th District Court Emily Tobolowsky Democratic

Family District Courts
Office[24] Name Party
  254th District Court Kimberly Brown Democratic
  255th District Court Vonda Bailey Democratic
  256th District Court David Lopez Democratic
  301st District Court Mary Brown Democratic
  302nd District Court Sandra Jackson Democratic
  303rd District Court LaDeitra Adkins Democratic
  330th District Court Andrea Plumlee Democratic

Juvenile District Courts
Office[24] Name Party
  304th District Court Andrea Martin Democratic
  305th District Court Cheryl Lee Shannon Democratic

County services
Parkland Memorial Hospital

The Parkland Health & Hospital System (Dallas County Hospital District) operates the Parkland Memorial Hospital and various health centers.

The Commissioners' Court meets the first and third Tuesday at the Commissioners' Courtroom located in the Dallas County Administration Building at 411 Elm St., corner of Elm and Houston streets. The building was the headquarters of the Texas School Book Depository Company until 1970. Assassin Lee Harvey Oswald shot President John F. Kennedy from a window located on the sixth floor which today houses the Sixth Floor Museum dedicated to the late president's memory.

Acts of the commissioners court are known as 'court orders'. These orders include setting county policies and procedures, issuing contracts, authorizing expenditures, and managing county resources and departments. Most importantly, the commissioners court sets the annual tax rate and the budget for Dallas County government and the courts. The commissioners also set the tax rate and budget for the Dallas County Hospital District which operates Parkland Hospital.

The commissioners court has direct control over all county offices and departments not otherwise administered by a county elected official. Those departments include Dallas County Elections, Health and Human Services, Facilities Management, Parks and Open Space Program, I.T. Services, Homeland Security and Emergency Services, among others. Through their budget making powers, the commissioners exercise indirect control over the District Attorney's office, Sheriff, District Clerk, County Clerk and County Treasurer. The commissioners also set the budget for each of the District, County, and Justice courts.

Dallas County employs a commissioners court administrator who is responsible for the day-to-day management of the commissioners court and implementing the Dallas County Master Plan and the directives of the commissioners court. The current commissioners court administrator is Darryl Martin who was hired by the commissioners in 2008.

Dallas County Jail, 111 West Commerce Street

Dallas County operates several jail facilities. They include:[25]

  • 111 Riverfront Blvd (Dallas)
    • North Tower Jail
    • South Tower Jail - also known as the "Suzanne Kays Tower"
    • West Tower Jail
  • Government Center Jail - 600 Commerce Street (Dallas)
  • Decker Detention Center - 899 North Stemmons Freeway (Dallas)
  • (formerly) Suzanne Kays Jail - 521 North Industrial Boulevard (Dallas) - population integrated into the South Tower; demolished to clear way for the Trinity River Project[26]

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice operates the Hutchins State Jail for men in an unincorporated area adjacent to Hutchins.[27] Corrections Corporation of America operates the Dawson Unit, a co-gender state jail in Downtown Dallas, under contract.[28]

Federal Correctional Institution, Seagoville, is located in Seagoville.

Politics

Dallas County's post-war growth transformed it from a Democratic Solid South stronghold into a conservative Sunbelt county that voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election from 1952 to 2004, except when Texas native Lyndon B. Johnson successfully ran for a full term as president on the Democratic ticket in 1964. In the 2004 election, Democrats won their first countywide administrative office since 1986 by electing Lupe Valdez to the office of Dallas County Sheriff. The last Democratic countywide administrator was D. Connally elected County Surveyor prior to the office's abolition. Democrats also won three district court benches in 2004. Two years later in 2006, Democrats swept every contested countywide race including County Judge, District Clerk, County Clerk, District Attorney and County Treasurer as well as every contested judicial seat.

Starting in 1996, Dallas County began voting more Democratic than the state of Texas as a whole, with relatively narrow wins from 1992 to 2004 even as the Republican nominee won Texas easily in 2000 and 2004. This trend culminated in 2008 when Barack Obama won Dallas County with a substantial margin. Obama's coattails allowed Democrats to win the remaining Republican held judicial seats. In 2012, Obama won Dallas County by virtually the same margin as he had done in 2008. In 2016, Hillary Clinton increased the Democratic margin of victory even further. She became the first Democrat to win 60% of Dallas County since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944, whilst under Donald Trump the Republicans failed to win 40% of the vote in the county for the first time since 1992.

United States presidential election results for Dallas County, Texas[29]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 307,076 33.29% 598,576 64.89% 16,861 1.83%
2016 262,945 34.34% 461,080 60.22% 41,657 5.44%
2012 295,813 41.57% 405,571 56.99% 10,228 1.44%
2008 310,000 41.89% 422,989 57.15% 7,085 0.96%
2004 346,246 50.35% 336,641 48.95% 4,822 0.70%
2000 322,345 52.58% 275,308 44.91% 15,386 2.51%
1996 260,058 46.78% 255,766 46.00% 40,129 7.22%
1992 256,007 38.72% 231,412 35.00% 173,833 26.29%
1988 347,094 58.38% 243,198 40.91% 4,246 0.71%
1984 405,444 66.41% 203,592 33.35% 1,460 0.24%
1980 306,682 59.18% 190,459 36.75% 21,072 4.07%
1976 263,081 56.65% 196,303 42.27% 5,001 1.08%
1972 305,112 69.53% 129,662 29.55% 4,021 0.92%
1968 184,193 50.66% 123,809 34.06% 55,552 15.28%
1964 137,065 45.06% 166,472 54.73% 621 0.20%
1960 149,369 62.16% 88,876 36.99% 2,054 0.85%
1956 125,361 65.06% 65,472 33.98% 1,862 0.97%
1952 118,218 62.73% 69,394 36.82% 850 0.45%
1948 35,664 37.80% 47,464 50.31% 11,216 11.89%
1944 21,099 22.44% 60,909 64.77% 12,028 12.79%
1940 16,574 25.06% 49,431 74.74% 131 0.20%
1936 7,204 14.51% 42,153 84.89% 300 0.60%
1932 8,919 19.12% 37,363 80.09% 371 0.80%
1928 27,272 60.89% 17,437 38.93% 78 0.17%
1924 8,618 21.63% 30,207 75.83% 1,012 2.54%
1920 4,984 23.35% 14,390 67.41% 1,973 9.24%
1916 2,554 15.71% 13,410 82.51% 289 1.78%
1912 590 6.09% 7,725 79.79% 1,367 14.12%

Dallas County has had three openly LGBT elected county officials: Lupe Valdez, elected Sheriff in 2004 and served until 2017; Jim Foster, elected county judge in 2006, serving one term before defeat in the Democratic primary in 2010; and Gary Fitzsimmons, elected District Clerk in 2006.[30]

State Board of Education members
District Name Party
  District 11 Patricia Hardy Republican
  District 12 Geraldine Miller Republican
  District 13 Erika Beltran Democratic

Texas state representatives
District Name Party Residence
  District 100 Venton Jones Democratic Dallas
  District 102 Ana-Maria Ramos Democratic Dallas
  District 103 Rafael Anchia Democratic Dallas
  District 104 Jessica González Democratic Dallas
  District 105 Terry Meza Democratic Irving
  District 107 Victoria Neave Democratic Dallas
  District 108 Morgan Meyer Republican University Park
  District 109 Carl Sherman Sr. Democratic De Soto
  District 110 Toni Rose Democratic Dallas
  District 111 Yvonne Davis Democratic Dallas
  District 112 Angie Chen Button Republican Richardson
  District 113 Rhetta Andrews Bowers Democratic Garland
  District 114 John Turner Democratic Dallas
  District 115 Julie Johnson Democratic Irving

Texas state senators
District Name Party Residence
  District 2 Bob Hall Republican Edgewood (Van Zandt County)
  District 8 Angela Paxton Republican McKinney (Collin County)
  District 9 Kelly Hancock Republican Fort Worth
  District 16 Nathan Johnson Democratic Dallas
  District 23 Royce West Democratic Dallas

United States representatives
District Name Party Residence
  Texas's 5th congressional district Lance Gooden Republican Terrell
  Texas's 6th congressional district Jake Ellzey Republican Waxahachie
  Texas's 24th congressional district Beth Van Duyne Republican Irving
  Texas's 30th congressional district Jasmine Crockett Democratic Dallas
  Texas's 32nd congressional district Colin Allred Democratic Dallas
  Texas's 33rd congressional district Marc Veasey Democratic Fort Worth

Education

Primary and secondary schools

The following school districts serve Dallas County:[31]

White flight meant the decrease of non-Hispanic white students in Dallas County K-12 school districts from 1997 until the 2014–2015 school year. The number was 138,760 in the former and 61,538 in the latter; during 2014-2015 county charter schools had about 5,000 non-Hispanic white students. In 2016 Eric Nicholson of the Dallas Observer wrote that the bulk of white K-12 enrollment is shifting to more distant suburban areas beyond Dallas County, and that "Teasing out causation is tricky" but that the perception of poverty, which many white families wish to avoid, is tied with race.[32]

Wilmer-Hutchins Independent School District formerly served a part of the county.[33] In 2006 WHISD officially merged into DISD.[34]

Community colleges

Dallas County is served by the Dallas College system of seven community colleges.[35] Dallas College is the designated community college for the entire county.[36]

Public universities

There are two public universities in Dallas County: the University of North Texas at Dallas and the University of Texas at Dallas, which is partially located in Collin County.

Private universities

Transportation

Dallas Area Rapid Transit provides bus and rail service to many cities in Dallas County, with Dallas being the largest.

The Trinity Railway Express, operated jointly by Dallas Area Rapid Transit and Trinity Metro, provides commuter rail service to both Dallas County and Tarrant County, connecting downtown Fort Worth with Downtown Dallas.

Major highways

NOTE: US 67 and US 77 are not signed fully along their routes in Dallas County.

Commercial Airports

General Aviation Airports

See also

References
  1. "QuickFacts: Dallas County, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  2. Almon, Jan; Sherman, Mary Ann (2014). "Dallas County: A 21st Century Mosaic" (PDF). Dallas County. HPNbooks. ISBN 978-1-939300-59-1.
  3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  5. "Open Space Preserves". plandev-open-space. October 27, 2015. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  6. Board, Dallas County-Parks and Open Space. "Dallas County Parks and Open Space Board James Pratt, Board Papers". legacy.lib.utexas.edu. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  7. "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. Archived from the original on August 6, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
  8. "TSHA | Cedar Springs, TX (Dallas County)".
  9. "TSHA | Hord's Ridge, TX".
  10. Rose-Mary Rumbley, "LETOT, CLEMENT" Handbook of Texas Online, accessed December 26, 2010.
  11. "Little Egypt, TX" in the Handbook of Texas Online, by Lisa C. Maxwell; accessed 05 December 2015.
  12. "Trinity Mills, TX" from the Handbook of Texas Online. By Matthew Hayes Nall. Retrieved on 31 March 2007.
  13. "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
  14. "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Dallas County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  15. "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Dallas County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  16. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  17. "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Dallas County, Texas". www.census.gov. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  18. "2018 ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  19. Estimates of the Population by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity for July 1, 2015 for State of Texas (PDF), July 15, 2015, archived from the original (PDF) on May 4, 2017, retrieved June 8, 2017
  20. Ura, Alexa; Kao, Jason; Astudillo, Carla; Essig, Chris (August 12, 2021). "People of color make up 95% of Texas' population growth, and cities and suburbs are booming, 2020 census shows". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  21. Leonhardt, David; Quealy, Kevin (June 26, 2015), "Where Same-Sex Couples Live", The New York Times, retrieved July 6, 2015
  22. "2020 FINANCIAL CHARACTERISTICS". data.census.gov. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  23. "Dallas County". www.dallascounty.org.
  24. "Dallas County, TX Elections". www.dallascountyvotes.org. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
  25. "Jail Information." Dallas County Sheriff's Office. Accessed September 14, 2008.
  26. Krause, Kevin. Suzanne Kays jail to close in Dallas this week Archived 2012-03-01 at the Wayback Machine." The Dallas Morning News. April 14, 2009. Retrieved on June 3, 2013.
  27. "HUTCHINS (HJ) Archived 2008-09-23 at the Wayback Machine." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Accessed September 14, 2008.
  28. "DAWSON (JD) Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on June 3, 2013.
  29. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  30. "The Lavender Heart of Texas | TIME". May 20, 2007. Archived from the original on May 20, 2007. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  31. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Dallas County, TX" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022. - Text list
  32. Nicholson, Eric (May 3, 2016). "In Dallas, White Flight Never Ends". Dallas Observer. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
  33. Texas Education Agency: See map of Dallas County. Retrieved on July 3, 2022.
  34. "CONSOLIDATIONS, ANNEXATIONS AND NAME CHANGES FOR TEXAS PUBLIC SCHOOLS" (PDF). Texas Education Agency. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  35. "Maps and Locations". Dallas College. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
  36. Texas Education Code, Section 130.176, "Dallas County Community College District Service Area".
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