2003

2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2003rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 3rd year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 4th year of the 2000s decade.

From top left, clockwise: the crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; Myspace launches becoming one of the first major social media platforms; protests in London against the Invasion of Iraq; a drained river in France during the European heatwave; an earthquake in Bam, Iran kills 30,000 people; abuse and torture of Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison by U.S. personnel; a statue of Saddam Hussein is toppled in Baghdad after his regime was deposed during the Iraq War.
Millennium: 3rd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
2003 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar2003
MMIII
Ab urbe condita2756
Armenian calendar1452
ԹՎ ՌՆԾԲ
Assyrian calendar6753
Baháʼí calendar159–160
Balinese saka calendar1924–1925
Bengali calendar1410
Berber calendar2953
British Regnal year51 Eliz. 2  52 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2547
Burmese calendar1365
Byzantine calendar7511–7512
Chinese calendar壬午年 (Water Horse)
4699 or 4639
     to 
癸未年 (Water Goat)
4700 or 4640
Coptic calendar1719–1720
Discordian calendar3169
Ethiopian calendar1995–1996
Hebrew calendar5763–5764
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2059–2060
 - Shaka Samvat1924–1925
 - Kali Yuga5103–5104
Holocene calendar12003
Igbo calendar1003–1004
Iranian calendar1381–1382
Islamic calendar1423–1424
Japanese calendarHeisei 15
(平成15年)
Javanese calendar1935–1936
Juche calendar92
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4336
Minguo calendarROC 92
民國92年
Nanakshahi calendar535
Thai solar calendar2546
Tibetan calendar阳水马年
(male Water-Horse)
2129 or 1748 or 976
     to 
阴水羊年
(female Water-Goat)
2130 or 1749 or 977
Unix time1041379200 – 1072915199

2003 was designated the International Year of the Fresh water.[1]

In 2003, a United States-led coalition invaded Iraq, starting the Iraq War.

Demographics

The world population on January 1, 2003, was estimated to be 6.272 billion people and increased to 6.353 billion people by January 1, 2004.[2] An estimated 134.0 million births and 52.5 million deaths took place in 2003.[2] The average global life expectancy was 67.1 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2002.[2] The rate of child mortality was 6.85%, a decrease of 0.27pp from 2002.[3] 25.54% of people were living in extreme poverty, a decrease of 1.31pp from 2002[4]

There were approximately 10.6 million global refugees at the beginning of 2003, and the number was reduced to 9.7 million refugees by the end of the year.[5] Afghanistan was the largest source of refugees, with a total of 2.1 million at the end of the year.[5]

Conflicts

There were 29 armed conflicts affecting 22 countries in 2003. This was a net decrease from 31 conflicts in 2002.[6]:625 The deadliest conflicts were in Iraq, Kashmir, Liberia, Nepal, and Sudan.[6]:627

Internal conflicts

The Colombian conflict against two Marxist militant groups—the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and the National Liberation Army—escalated in 2003.[7]:101 The government negotiated an agreement for the right-wing militant group United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia to disband as a means to deescalate the conflict.[7]:102

The First Ivorian Civil War was halted in 2003 amid a ceasefire while France and the states of ECOWAS intervened. Peace talks fell apart on March 7 until the ceasefire was restored on May 3, only to be broken again on September 23. The war was left in a frozen state at the end of 2003 with rebels controlling parts of the country.[7]:115–116 The Second Liberian Civil War against Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy escalated when the Movement for Democracy in Liberia split off as its own faction.[7]:116 President Charles Taylor resigned on August 2, allowing a peace agreement to take place on August 18.[7]:118

The Indonesian insurgency in Aceh escalated when a demilitarization agreement failed and the government renewed its offensive in May.[7]:126 The Moro conflict in the Philippines deescalated when the Philippine government agreed to peace talks with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in July, though conflicts with other groups continued.[7]:129

The Sri Lankan Civil War continued in 2003 as peace talks failed, and long-running civil wars in Burundi and in Uganda both escalated.[7]:107–112 The Second Sudanese Civil War escalated as new militant groups joined the conflict,[6]:628 though a security agreement was reached between the National Islamic Front and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on September 25.[7]:119 The Second Chechen War continued in Russia: the Russian government held a referendum for a new Chechen constitution and offered amnesty for Chechen rebels, but terror attacks continued.[7]:125

International conflicts

Only two inter-state conflicts took place in 2003: the Iraq War and the Kashmir conflict. The Kashmir conflict saw progress toward resolution in 2003 as negotiations began and a ceasefire took effect on November 23.[7]:95 A coalition of countries led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia led an invasion of Iraq beginning on March 20, warning that Iraq had been operating a program to develop weapons of mass destruction. The subsequent Iraq War became the most publicized conflict in 2003.[6]:627–628

The Second Intifada continued into 2003 as conflict between Israel and Palestine killed 400 people in suicide bombings by Palestinians and military strikes by the Israel Defense Forces.[7]:104

Culture

Media

The highest-grossing films globally in 2003 were The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Finding Nemo, and The Matrix Reloaded. The highest-grossing non-English film was Bayside Shakedown 2 (Japanese), the 39th highest-grossing film of the year.[8] Critically acclaimed films from 2003 include Finding Nemo,[9][10][11][12] Lost in Translation,[9][11][13] and Master and Commander.[9][10][13]

Music sales in 2003 amounted to about 2.7 billion units, a decline of 6.5% from 2002. DVD music video thrived in 2003 at the expense of singles and cassettes.[14] Globally, the best-selling albums of the year were Come Away with Me by Norah Jones, Get Rich or Die Tryin' by 50 Cent, and Meteora by Linkin Park. No non-English albums were among the global top fifty albums sold in 2003.[15]

Sports

Golf saw an upset when Ben Curtis defeated some of the sport's top players in his first major competition at the 2003 Open Championship. Tennis players Roger Federer and Andy Roddick won their first Grand Slams in 2003.[16]

Economy

The global economy improved in the second half of 2003 as it recovered from the early 2000s recession, brought about by low interest rates and expansionary fiscal policy. The United States led the recovery, while China and Japan also made significant contributions. The economic situation improved in Latin America and Africa, while Western Europe saw slower recovery. The gross world product increased by 2.5% in 2003, and international trade increased by 4.75%. The prices of non-fuel commodities, such as metal, minerals, and agricultural materials, increased during the year.[17]

Environment and weather

2003 tied with 2002 as the second hottest year on record, behind only 1998. The year began during an El Niño period that continued until April. A major heatwave occurred in Europe during the summer, causing approximately 25,000 people, 14,000 of whom lived in France. Severe cold weather affected Asia, North America, and Peru in 2003. The year saw low precipitation, causing droughts in Australia, the United States, and Zimbabwe. The previous year's droughts in Asia were alleviated by heavy precipitation in the region.[18] Major earthquakes in 2003 included a magnitude 6.8 earthquake in Algeria on May 21 that killed over 2,200 people and a magnitude 6.6 earthquake in Iran on December 26 that killed about 50,000 people.[19]

Events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Births and deaths

Nobel Prizes

New English words and terms

  • anti-cultural
  • baby bump
  • Big Rip
  • binge-watch
  • botnet
  • darmstadtium
  • electronic cigarette
  • flash mob
  • iraimbilanja
  • manscaping
  • MERS
  • muffin top
  • netroots
  • SARS
  • severe acute respiratory syndrome
  • unfriend[125]

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