Demographic history of Bulgaria

This article presents the demographic history of Bulgaria. See Demographics of Bulgaria

31 December 1880 census
Religion[1]
Religion Number %
Orthodox 1,404,409 69.9
Muslim 578,060 28.7
Judaism 14,342 0.7
Other 11,108 0.5
Total 2,007,919 100
Language
Language Number %
Bulgarian 1,345,507 67.0
Turkish 527,284 26.2
"Vlach" (Aromanian and Romanian) 49,064 2.4
Roma 37,600 1.8
Ladino 14,020 0.7
Tatar 12,376 0.6
Greek 11,152 0.6
Armenian 3,837 0.2
Serbo-Croatian 1,894 0.1
Yaddish 1,280 0.1
Russian 1,123 0.1
Albanian 530 0.0
Italian 515 0.0
Hungarian 220 0.0
Czech 174 0.0
French 164 0.0
Arab 97 0.0
Polish 92 0.0
English 64 0.0
Circassian 63 0.0
Persian 58 0.0
Others 402 0.0
Total 2,007,919 100

31 December 1887 census
Religion [2]
Religion Number %
Orthodox 2,242,371 76.8
Muslim 676,215 21.4
Judaism 24,352 0.7
Roman Catholic 18,505 0.5
Armenian Gregorian 5,839 0.1
Protestant 1,358 0.0
Other 1,461 0.0
Undeclared 2,274 0.0
Total 3,154,375 100
Share of the Turkish language as a native language in town halls, compared to the territories of daily municipalities.
Language
Language Number %
Bulgarian 2,326,250 73.7
Turkish 607,331 19.3
Greek 58,326 1.8
Roma 50,291 1.6
Other
Total 3,154,375 100

31 December 1892 census
Ethnic map (1892)
Ethnic groups [3]
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 2,505,243 75.66
Turks 558,364 16.86
Romanians 62,227 1.87
Greeks 58,296 1.76
Romani 51,946 1.56
Jews 21,777 0.83
Tatars 16,179 0.48
Gagauzes 9,520 0.28
Armenians 6,900 0.20
"Vlachs" (Aromanians, Romanians, Romanian-speaking Boyash) 733 0.02
Others 13,616 0.41
Total 3,310,810 100
Religion [4]
Religion Number %
Orthodox 2,606,786 78.7
Muslim 643,258 19.4
Jewish 28,307 0.8
Roman Catholic 22,617 0.6
Armenian Grecorian 6,643 0.2
Protestant 2,384 0.0
Undeclared 718 0.0
Total 3,310,713 100
Language
Language Number %
Bulgarian 2,505,326 75.7
Turkish 569,728 17.2
Romanian 62,628 1.9
Greek 58,518 1.8
Roma 52,132 1.6
Ladino 27,531 0.8
Tatar 16,920 0.5
Armenian 6,445 0.2
German 3,620 0.1
Russian 928 0.0
Serbian 818 0.0
Italian 803 0.0
French 356 0.0
Others 4,425 0.1
Undeclared 1,165 0.0
Total 3,310,713 100

31 December 1900 census
Share of Turks by town halls, compared to the territories of daily municipalities.
Ethnic groups [5]
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 2,888,129 77.1
Turks 531,240 14.2
Romani 89,549 2.4
Romanians 71,063 1.9
Greeks 66,635 1.8
Jews 33,661 0.9
Tatars 19,884 0.5
Armenians 14,581 0.4
Russians 1,685 0.0
Total 3,744,283 100
Religion [6]
Religion Number %
Orthodox 3,019,999 80.6
Muslim 643,300 17.1
Judaism 33,663 0.8
Roman Catholic 28,569 0.7
Armenian Grecorian 13,809 0.3
Protestant 4,524 0.1
Others 326 0.0
Undeclared 93 0.0
Total 3,744,283 100

31 December 1905 census
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 3,203,810 79.4
Turks 488,010 12.1
Romani 99,004 2.5
Romanians 75,773 1.9
Greeks 63,487 1.6
Jews 37,663 0.9
Tatars 17,942 0.4
Gagauzes 10,175 0.3
Sarakatsani 6,128 0.2
Russians 3,275 0.2
Total 4,035,575 100

31 December 1910 census
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups Numbers %
Bulgarians 3,518,756 81.1
Turks 465,641 10.7
Romani 122,296 2.8
Romanians 79,429 1.8
Greeks 43,275 1.0
Jews 40,133 0.9
Tatars 18,228 0.4
Armenians 12,932 0.3
Sarakatsani 7,251 0.2
Russians 2,505 0.2
Total 4,337,513 100
Religion
Religion Number %
Orthodox 3,643,918 84.0
Muslim 602,078 13.8
Judaism 40,067 0.9
Roman Catholic 32,150 0.7
Armenian Grecorian 12,259 0.2
Protestant 6,335 0.1
Other/Undeclared 706 0.0
Total 4,337,513 100

31 December 1920 census
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups Numbers %
Bulgarians 4,036,056 83.3
Turks 520,339 10.7
Romani 98,451 2.0
Romanians 57,312 1.2
Jews 43,209 0.9
Greeks 42,074 0.9
Armenians 11,509 0.2
Russians 9,080 0.2
Total 4,846,971 100

1. During the period 1910 - 1920 Bulgaria suffered physical loss of population as follows:

2. During the period 1910 - 1920 the population growth in Bulgaria was as follows:

Religion
Religion Number %
Orthodox 4,062,097 83.8
Muslim 690,734 14,2
Judaism 43,232 0.8
Roman Catholic 34,072 0.7
Armenian Grecorian 10,848 0.2
Protestant 5,617 0.1
Other/Undeclared 371 0.0
Total 4,846,971 100

31 December 1926 census
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 4,557,706 83.2
Turks 577,552 10.5
Romani 134,844 2.5
Romanians 69,080 1.2
Jews 46,558 0.8
Armenians 27,332 0.5
Russians 19,706 0.4
Greeks 10,564 0.2
Tatars 6,191 0.1
Gagauzes 4,362 0.1
Total 5,528,741 100
Religion
Religion Number %
Orthodox 4,569,074 83.3
Muslim 789,296 14.4
Judaism 46,431 0.8
Roman Catholic 40,347 0.7
Armenian Grecorian 25,402 0.4
Protestant 6,735 0.1
Other/Undeclared 1,456 0.0
Total 5,478,741 100

31 December 1934 census
Share of Turks by town halls, compared to the territories of daily municipalities.
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 5,204,217 85.6
Turks 591,193 9.7
Romani 149,385 2.5
Jews 48,565 0.8
Armenians 25,963 0.4
Romanians 16,504 0.3
Russians 11,928 0.2
Greeks 9,601 0.2
Total 6,077,939 100
Religion
Religion Number %
Orthodox 5,128,890 84.3
Muslim 821,298 13.5
Judaism 48,398 0.7
Roman Catholic 45,704 0.7
Armenian Grecorian 23,476 0.3
Protestant 8,371 0.1
Other/Undeclared 1,802 0.0
Total 6,077,939 100

31 December 1946 census
Share of Turks by town halls, compared to the territories of daily municipalities.
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 5,903,580 84.0
Turks 675,500 9.6
Romani 170,011 2.4
Macedonians 169,544 2.4
Jews 44,209 0.6
Armenians 21,637 0.3
Russians 13,200 0.2
Total 7,029,349 100

South Dobruja passes on the territory of Bulgaria.

There are strong indications that in the 1946 census the population was forced to list as ethnic Macedonians against their will by the communist government in accordance with an agreement with Yugoslavia.[7]

Religion
Religion Number %
Orthodox 5,967,992 84.9
Muslim
Judaism 43,335 0.6
Total 7,029,349 100

1 December 1956 census
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 6.506,541 85.5
Turks 656,025 8.6
Romani 197,865 2.6
Macedonians 187,789 2.5
Armenians 21,954 0.3
Russians 10,551 0.1
Greeks 7,437 0.1
Jews 6,027 0.1
Tatars 5,993 0.1
Romanians 3,749 0.0
Sarakatsani 2,085 0.0
Others 13,199 0.2
Total 7,613,709 100

There are strong indications that in the 1956 census the population was forced to list as ethnic Macedonians against their will by the communist government in accordance with an agreement with Yugoslavia.

1 December 1965 census
Share of Turks by town halls, compared to the territories of daily municipalities.
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 7,231,243 87.9
Turks 780,928 9.5
Romani 148,874 1.8
Armenians 20,282 0.2
Russians 10,815 0.1
Macedonians 9,632 0.1
Greeks 8,241 0.1
Tatars 6,430 0.1
Jews 5,108 0.1
Total 8,227,966 100

1 December 1975 census
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 7,930,024 90.9
Turks 730,728 8.4
Romani 18,323 0.2
Armenians 14,526 0.2
Tatars 5,963 0.1
Jews 3,076 0.0
Total 8,727,771 100

4 December 1985 census
Number %
Total 8,948,649 100

4 December 1992 census
Share of Turks by town halls, compared to the territories of daily municipalities.
Ethnic groups [8]
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 7,271,185 85.7
Turks 800,052 9.4
Romani 313,396 3.7
Russians 17,139 0.2
Armenians 13,677 0.2
Macedonians 10,803 0.1
"Vlachs" (Aromanians, Romanians, Romanian-speaking Boyash) 5,159 0.1
Sarakatsani 5,144 0.1
Greeks 4,930 0.1
Tatars 4,515 0.1
Jews 3,461 0.0
Romanians 2,491 0.0
Ukrainians 1,864 0.0
Gagauzes 1,478 0.0
Others 23,542 0.3
Undeclared 8,481 0.1
Total 8,487,317 100
Religion
Religion Number %
Orthodox 7,274,592 85.7
Muslim 1,110,295 13.0
Roman Catholicism 53,074 0.6
Protestant 21,878 0.2
Armenian Grecorian 9.672 0.1
Judaism 2,580 0.0
Other 15,226 0.1
Total 8,487,317 100

1 March 2001 census
Share of Turks by town halls, compared to the territories of daily municipalities.
Share of Gypsies on the lands of the settlements.
Ethnic groups [9]
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 6,655,210 83.9
Turks 746,664 9.4
Romani 370,908 4.7
Russians 15,595 0.2
Armenians 10,832 0.1
"Vlachs" (Aromanians, Romanians, Romanian-speaking Boyash) 10,566 0.1
Macedonians 5,071 0.1
Sarakatsani 4,107 0.1
Greeks 3,408 0.0
Ukrainians 2,489 0.0
Tatars 1,803 0.0
Jews 1,363 0.0
Romanians 1,088 0.0
Gagauzes 540 0.0
Others 3,342 0.2
Undeclared 86,915 1.1
Total 7,932,984 100
Religion
Religion Number %
Orthodox 6,552,751 82.6
Muslim 966,978 12.1
Roman Catholic 43,811 0.5
Protestant 42,308 0.5
Other 14,937 0.1
Undeclared 308,116 3.9
Total 7,928,901 100
Language
Language Number %
Bulgarian 6,697,158 84.6
Turkish 762,516 9.6
Roma 327,882 4.13
Other 71,084 0.9
Undeclared 70,261 0.9
Total 7,928,901 100

1 February 2011 census
Ethnic map (2011)
Ethnic groups [10]
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 5,664,624 84.8
Turks 588,318 8.8
Romani 325,343 4.9
Russians 9,978 0.1
Armenians 6,552 0.1
"Vlachs" (Aromanians, Romanians, Romanian-speaking Boyash) 3,684 0.1
Sarakatsani 2,556 0.0
Ukrainians 1,789 0.0
Macedonians 1,654 0.0
Greeks 1,379 0.0
Jews 1,162 0.0
Romanians 891 0.0
Others 19,659 0.3
Undeclared 736,981 10.0
Total 7,364,570 100

The 2011 percentage of the ethnic groups is calculated only from those who answered the optional question on ethnicity (6,680,980 in total) and does not include around 750,000 people who did not answer the question or 10% from the population.

Religion, by municipalities.
Religion
Religion Number %
Orthodox 4,374,135 59.3
Muslim 577,139 7.8
Protestant 64,476 0.8
Roman Catholic 48,945 0.6
Others 11,444 0.1
Atheism 272,264 3.6
Undeclared 2,016,167 27.4
Total 7,364,570 100
Language
Language Number %
Bulgarian 5,659,024 85.2
Turkish 605,802 9.1
Roma 281,217 4.2
Russians 15,808 0.2
Armenian 5,615 0.0
Romanian 5,523 0.0
Greek 3,224 0.0
"Vlach" (Aromanian and Romanian) 1,826 0.0
Ukrainian 1,755 0.0
Macedonian 1,404 0.0
Arabic 1,397 0.0
Tatar 1,372 0.0
Other 10,623 0.1
Undeclared 47,564 0.7
Total returns 6,642,154 100
Total population 7,364,570

7 September 2021 census
Ethnic groups Number %
Bulgarians 5,118,494 78.5
Turks 508,378 7.8
Romani 266,720 4.1
Russians 14,218 0.2
Armenians 5,306 0.1
Ukrainians 3,239 0.0
Sarakatsani 2,071 0.0
Vlachs 1,643 0.0
Greeks 1,625 0.0
Jews 1,153 0.0
Macedonians 1,143 0.0
Tatars 1,129 0.0
Romanians 683 0.0
Others 32,210 0.5
Undeclared 547,191 8.4
Total 6,519,789 100

References
  1. statlib.nsi.bg:8181, 2017-03-03, archived from the original on 2017-03-03
  2. "A brief historical account of the population censuses in Bulgaria". Archived from the original on 2004-03-15.
  3. "Principality of Bulgaria in historical and geographical terms". Archived from the original on 2016-01-07.
  4. "Structure of the population by religion". Archived from the original on 2004-03-15.
  5. "Population by place of residence, sex and ethnic group". Archived from the original on 2018-06-09.
  6. "Structure of the population by religion". Archived from the original on 2004-03-15.
  7. Minority Policy in Bulgaria. The Policy of the Bulgarian Communist Party towards Jews, Roma, Pomaks and Turks 1944-1989. Ulrich Büchsenschütz. IMIR, Sofia, 2000, p. 5; (in Bulgarian).
  8. "6.1 European population committee (The demographic characteristics of the main ethnic/national minorities in Bulgaria". Archived from the original on 2017-02-04.
  9. "POPULATION AS OF 1 MARCH 2001 BY DISTRICT AND ETHNIC GROUP (Inhabitants as of 1 March 2001 by province and ethnic group)". Archived from the original on 2004-03-15.
  10. "Population by place of residence, sex and ethnic group". Archived from the original on 2017-05-30.
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