Censuses in Ukraine

Censuses in Ukraine (Ukrainian: Переписи населення України, romanized: Perepysy naselennja Ukraїny) is a sporadic event that since 2001 has been conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine under the jurisdiction of the Government of Ukraine.[1]

See also: Demographics of Ukraine

History

The first steps
See also: Russian Empire census

The first official census in the territory of Ukraine took place in 1818 when Western Ukraine was part of the Austrian Empire. However a modern census did not take place until 1857. Since then the next censuses took place in the dual-power state of the Austria-Hungary in 1869, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910. Those last five censuses also included the territory of the today Zakarpattia Oblast which was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. The further censuses discontinued as the country fell apart. The rest of Ukraine which was part of Russian Empire conducted its first census as part of the 1897 Russian Census. The next national census in Russia did not take place until after World War I and the formation of the Soviet Union. A city-census of Kyiv took place in March 1919, after the Bolsheviks occupied the city. In 1920, a census was conducted only in those areas of Ukraine that were not involved in the Russian Civil War.

Interwar censuses
See also: Soviet census

The next census conducted in most of the territory of Western Ukraine (Eastern Galicia) was the Polish census of 1921, while the 1921 Czechoslovakia Census took place on the territory of the Zakarpattia Oblast. In 1930 another census took place in both regions as part of their respective national censuses that were conducted in the same year. Also the area of today Chernivtsi Oblast saw its first national census in 1930 for the first time since the last one that was conducted in the Austria-Hungary in 1910, while the area of Budjak of today Odessa Oblast along with the rest of Bessarabia had the Russian demographic statistic data back from 1897. Already during the World War II one more census took place in 1941 in Hungary which previously sacked and occupied the territory of Carpatho-Ukraine (today Zakarpattia Oblast). As it was mentioned before, the first national Russian Census since 1897 took place only in 1926 as part of the First All-Union Census in the USSR. The next census in the Soviet Union took place in 1937, but it was recognized as unofficial and was never disclosed. The census was also recognized as a conspiracy against the Soviet regime. Just before the World War II in 1939, the Soviet Union conducted another census that was accepted as the official one.

Post-War censuses

After World War II, Ukraine was united in its current borders (including Crimea) and within the Soviet Union. The first Soviet Census after the war took place in 1959, followed by three more in 1970, 1979 and 1989. The next planned census never took place as the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.

Post-Soviet
Main articles: 2001 Ukrainian census and Next Ukrainian Census

The first (and so far only) national census of Ukraine took place in 2001.[1] It was originally planned that the next one would follow in 2010, but it was postponed until 2020.[2] In April 2020 Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers Oleh Nemchinov said there would be no census in 2020 and probably not in 2021.[3] Nemchinov said in December 2020 that the next census was planned for 2023.[4]

Following the full scale 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the census was postponed to an unknown date after this war has finished.[5]

Summary
Year Territory
(km2)		 Total
population		 Density
per km2		 Change Urban
population		 Share Males Share Females Share Largest city Second
largest city		 Ukrainian
language share		 Ethnic
minorities		 Notes
1897
 518 713 23 430 407 Steady 45.17 Steady 0.0% 3 085 341 Steady 13.2% 11 780 525 Steady 50.3% 11 649 882 Steady 49.7% Odessa
(403 800)		 Kiev
(247 700)		 Steady 72.6%
[lower-alpha 1]
1926
 451 584 29 018 187 Increase 64.25 Increase 23.8% 5 373 553 Increase 18.5% 14 094 592 Decrease 48.6% 14 923 595 Increase 51.4% Kiev
(513 637)		 Odessa
(420 862)		 Increase 77.0%
[lower-alpha 2]
1937
 28 387 609 Decrease 62.93 Decrease 2.2% 9 561 767 Increase 33.7% 13 117 514 Decrease 46.2% 15 270 095 Increase 53.8% Kiev
(775 850}		 Kharkov
(759 385)		 —
[lower-alpha 3][6]
1939
 30 946 218 Increase 68.53 Increase 10.5% 11 190 370 Increase 36.2% 14 753 566 Decrease 47.7% 16 192 652 Increase 52.3% Kiev
(846 724)		 Kharkov
(832 913)		 —
1959
 603 700 41 869 046 Increase 69.35 Increase 35.3% 19 419 783 Increase 46.4% 18 575 382 Decrease 44.4% 23 293 664 Increase 55.6% Kiev
(1 104 334)		 Kharkov
(934 136)		 —
[lower-alpha 4]
1970
 47 126 517 Increase 78.06 Increase 12.5% 25 688 560 Increase 54.5% 21 305 320 Increase 45.2% 25 821 197 Decrease 54.8% Kiev
(1 631 908)		 Kharkov
(1 222 852)		 —
1979
 49 754 642 Increase 82.42 Increase 5.6% 30 511 530 Increase 61.3% 22 743 513 Increase 45.7% 27 011 129 Decrease 54.3% Kiev
(2 143 855)		 Kharkov
(1 443 754)		 —
1989
 51 706 742 Increase 85.65 Increase 3.9% 34 587 662 Increase 66.9% 23 907 764 Increase 46.2% 27 798 978 Decrease 53.8% Kiev
(2 587 945)		 Kharkov
(1 609 959)		 Decrease 64.3%
2001
 48 457 100 Decrease 80.27 Decrease 6.3% 32 574 500 Increase 67.2% 22 441 400 Increase 46.3% 26 015 700 Decrease 53.7% Kyiv
(2 615 300)		 Kharkiv
(1 470 902)		 Increase 67.5%
[lower-alpha 5]
1 Feb 2022
estimate
 43 415 201 Decrease 71.91 Decrease 10.4% 29 867 569 Increase 68.8% 20 052 573 Decrease 46.2% 23 362 627 Increase 53.8% Kyiv
(2 890 432)		 Kharkiv
(1 421 125)		 — — [lower-alpha 6]

Western Ukraine under Poland, 1921–1931
Year Territory
(km2)		 Total
population		 Density
per km2		 Change Urban
population		 Share Males Share Females Share Largest city Second
largest city		 Ukrainian
language share		 Ethnic
minorities		 Notes
1921
 91 920 6 923 632 Steady 75.32 Steady 0.0% 1 235 937 Steady 17.8% 3 318 670 Steady 47.9% 3 604 962 Steady 52.1% Lwów
(219 400)		 Stanisławów
(51 391)		 Steady 56.3% — [lower-alpha 7]
1931
 7 981 443 Increase 86.83 Increase 15.3% — — 3 861 055 Increase 48.4% 4 120 388 Decrease 51.6% Lwów
(312 231)		 Stanisławów
(60 626)		 Decrease 40.4% —

References
  1. Territory includes Ukrainian-populated governorates of the Russian Empire (Volhynia, Podolia, Kiev, Chernigov, Kharkov, Kherson, Yekaterinoslav, Taurida and Poltava). Ukrainian language labeled in the census as the Little Russian dialect of the Russian language.
  2. The first census under the Soviet Union as its constituent republic.
  3. Population estimate of Kiev as of 1930. Results proclaimed defective in September 1937.
  4. Includes Volhynia, Galicia, and Transcarpathia annexed by the USSR in 1939 and assigned to it after World War II, along with Crimea, transferred to Ukraine from the Russian SFSR in 1954.
  5. The first census after Ukraine gained independence from the Soviet Union.
  6. Includes the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Sevastopol, and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts annexed by the Russian Federation between 2014 and 2022. Data from Crimea taken as of 2014. Urban population percentage as of 2018. Male and female population percentage as of 2013. Kyiv population as of 2015. Estimate taken before the start of the Russian invasion.
  7. Territory includes Ukrainian-populated voivodeships of interwar Poland (Volhynia, Tarnopol, Lwow and Stanislawow). Ukrainian language labeled as Ruthenian.
  1. (in Ukrainian) Всеукраїнський перепис населення заплановано на кінець 2020-го ('An all-Ukrainian population census is planned for the end of 2020'), Ukrayinska Pravda (9 October 2019)
  2. Ukrainian population census will be held in 2020 – Cabinet decree, Interfax-Ukraine (22 December 2015)
  3. (in Ukrainian) In 2021, there will most likely be no all-Ukrainian census - Minister, hromadske.ua (21 April 2020)
  4. (in Ukrainian) It became known when the government plans to conduct a census, The Ukrainian Week (9 December 2020)
  5. (in Ukrainian) Ministry will involve Apple in the post-war census, Ukrinform (2 April 2023)
  6. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1937 года: Общие итоги". docs.historyrussia.org.
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