Dezful
Dezful (Persian: دزفول, pronounced [dɛzˈfuːl], Dezfuli dialect: Desfil, pronounced [desˈfiːl]) also Romanized as Dezfūl and Dezfool; also known as Dīzfūl[3] and Ab I Diz[4] is a city in the Central District of Dezful County, Khuzestan province, Iran, and serves as both capital of the county and of the district.
Dezful
Persian: دزفول | |
|---|---|
City | |
   | |
| Nicknames: دسفیل ,دژپل, desfeal, dezhpoll | |
  Dezful | |
| Coordinates: 32°22′43″N 48°24′52″E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Khuzestan |
| County | Dezful |
| District | Central |
| Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
| • Urban | 264,709 |
| • Metro | 443,971 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
| Area code | 061 |
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 228,507 in 55,711 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 248,380 people in 66,715 households.[6] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 264,709 people in 78,348 households.[2]
Dezful is 650 kilometers away from the national capital of Tehran and 155 kilometres away from the provincial capital of Ahvaz. The city is located 300 kilometres from the Persian Gulf and is at an altitude of 143 meters.
The city lies at the foot of the Zagros Mountains and has a history that dates back to the Sassanian era. The area around Dezful has been home to civilizations for 5000 years.[7]
In an area with a history that extends back to ancient civilization, the city houses a bridge that dates back to 300 AD.[8]
Etymology
The name Dezful has been derived from the two words diz (fortress) + pul (bridge), which in combination could stand for 'the bridge to the fortress' or 'fortified bridge' in Persian language.[9][10] The original name of the city was Dezhpul, but after the Muslim conquest of Persia, the city was renamed Dezful,[9] since the Arabic language does not have 'p' and 'zh' sounds.
History
Dezful is one of the oldest cities in the Khuzestan province. According to Walther Hinz excavations, Awan (capital of the first Elam empire) was located in Dezful. The bridge was built during the reign of Shapur I who used Roman prisoners of war after the Battle of Edessa to build the bridge.[11]
People
The people of Dezful, known as Dezfuli, Dezfoolians or Dezfulians, speak Dezfuli – a dialect distinct to Dezful – and Shushtari, which is sometimes considered the most archaic of Persian dialects.[12]
Geography
Dezful sits close to the foothills of the Zagros Mountains on the main north-south highway from Tehran to Ahvaz, the provincial capital of Khuzestan. The main rail line from Tehran to the Persian Gulf is 15 km (9 mi) from Dezful, on the opposite side of the Dez River.
Climate
Dezful has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) with extremely hot summers and mild winters. Rainfall is higher than most of southern Iran, but is almost exclusively confined to the period from November to April, though on occasions it can exceed 250 millimetres (9.8 in) per month or 600 millimetres (24 in) per year.[13]
| Climate data for Dezful | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.0 (82.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
36.0 (96.8) |
40.5 (104.9) |
46.5 (115.7) |
50.7 (123.3) |
53.6 (128.5) |
52.0 (125.6) |
48.4 (119.1) |
43.0 (109.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
53.6 (128.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 17.2 (63.0) |
19.6 (67.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
43.7 (110.7) |
46.0 (114.8) |
44.9 (112.8) |
41.7 (107.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
19.3 (66.7) |
32.1 (89.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.8 (51.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
22.8 (73.0) |
29.9 (85.8) |
35.1 (95.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.8 (96.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
24.2 (75.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
15.6 (60.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9 (16) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−2 (28) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−2 (28) |
−9 (16) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 100.6 (3.96) |
60.0 (2.36) |
50.2 (1.98) |
34.5 (1.36) |
9.2 (0.36) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
7.4 (0.29) |
39.1 (1.54) |
83.2 (3.28) |
384.4 (15.14) |
| Average rainy days | 9.9 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 52 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 68 | 59 | 49 | 32 | 22 | 24 | 28 | 29 | 40 | 59 | 73 | 47 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 131.6 | 158.4 | 192.3 | 217.7 | 272.5 | 325.6 | 322.7 | 317.0 | 291.3 | 234.8 | 158.2 | 121.9 | 2,744 |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990) [14] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
There are direct flights from Tehran to Dezful (and reverse) at least twice a day. There are also weekly flights from Dezful to Mashhad (mawhad or mašhad). Dezful can also be reached by the Iranian railways.
Buses are available from almost all Iranian major cities to Dezful or one of its adjacent cities. Trains of the Trans-Iranian Railway serve the neighboring town of Andimeshk.
See also
- Battle of Dezful
- Morteza Ansari (1781–1864), a famous Shia jurisprudent
- Gholam Ali Rashid (born 1953), Iranian commander from Dezful
References
- OpenStreetMap contributors (29 July 2023). "Dezful, Dezful County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
- "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from the original (Excel) on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- Dezful can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3061127" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). 1911.
- "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)" (Excel). Iran Data Portal (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ""دزفول" شهری از سپیده دم تاریخ".
- سايت اداره ميراث فرهنگي ، صنايع دستي و گردشگري شهرستان دزفول Archived 2008-10-13 at the Wayback Machine
- "اخبار استان های ایران". www.dezfulshenasi.mihanblog.com. Archived from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- Everett-Heath, John (24 October 2019). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-188291-3.
- Hartung, Fritz; Kuros, Gh. R. (1987), "Historische Talsperren im Iran", in Garbrecht, Günther (ed.), Historische Talsperren, vol. 1, Stuttgart: Verlag Konrad Wittwer, pp. 221–274 (232), ISBN 3-87919-145-X
- "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
- "اداره کل هواشناسی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری". www.chaharmahalmet.ir. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- "Dezful Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
- "خبرگزاری صداوسیما | IRIB News". Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
Sources
External links
- Persian Language and Dezful Tourism Archived 24 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- Azarkish Dezful
- Dezful Tourism Archived 11 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- Dezful News Network Archived 17 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- Dezful Magazine Archived 14 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- Dezful Unofficial Website
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