Echinaria (brachiopod)

Echinaria; Temporal range:
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Brachiopoda
Class:	†Strophomenata
Order:	†Productida
Family:	†Echinoconchidae
Tribe:	†Echinoconchini
Genus:	†Echinaria; Muir-Wood & Cooper, 1960

Echinaria is an extinct genus of brachiopods which lived during the Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian periods. Its fossils have been found in Eurasia, North America and northern South America.[1]

Description

Like other echinoconchids, Echinaria had thin, recumbent spines arranged in concentric bands on both valves, as well as a corpus with a planoconvex profile and deep cavity. Members of this genus had cardinal ridges and an elongated outline which widened anteriorly.[1] Echinaria are medium to large-sized echinoconchids, and while notably larger than Echinoconchus, many similarities are observed between the two genera and they are placed in the same subfamily.[2]

Classification

Leighton & Maples (2002) conducted multiple phylogenetic analyses which are strongly in agreement that the four subfamilies Buxtoniinae, Echinoconchinae, Pustulinae and Juresaniinae form the family Echinoconchidae. The cladogram results of their phylogenetic analyses are displayed in the cladogram below:[2]

Productella

	Praewaagenoconcha

	Sentosia

Leioproductus

Spinocarinifera

	Diaphragmus

	Antiquatonia

	Flexaria

	Buxtonia

Pustula

Echinoconchus

Echinaria

	Pulchratia

	Parajuresania

References

Williams, Alwyn (2000). Part H Brachiopoda (revised): Volumes 2 & 3, Linguliformea, Craniiformea, Rhynchonelliformea (part)., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America. pp. 510–511.
Leighton, Lindsey R.; Maples, Christopher G. (July 2002). "Evaluating internal versus external characters: Phylogenetic analyses of the Echinoconchidae, Buxtoniinae, and Juresaniinae (Phylum Brachiopoda)". Journal of Paleontology. 76 (4): 659. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0659:EIVECP>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360.

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[:alwyn-1] Williams, Alwyn (2000). Part H Brachiopoda (revised): Volumes 2 & 3, Linguliformea, Craniiformea, Rhynchonelliformea (part)., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America. pp. 510–511.

[:0-2] Leighton, Lindsey R.; Maples, Christopher G. (July 2002). "Evaluating internal versus external characters: Phylogenetic analyses of the Echinoconchidae, Buxtoniinae, and Juresaniinae (Phylum Brachiopoda)". Journal of Paleontology. 76 (4): 659. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0659:EIVECP>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360.