11th United States Congress
The 11th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1809, to March 4, 1811, during the first two years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
| 11th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
10th ← → 12th | |
 United States Capitol (1800) | |
March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1811 | |
| Members | 34 senators 142 representatives 3 non-voting delegates |
| Senate majority | Democratic-Republican |
| Senate President | George Clinton (DR) |
| House majority | Democratic-Republican |
| House Speaker | Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) |
| Sessions | |
| Special: March 4, 1809 – March 7, 1809 1st: May 22, 1809 – June 28, 1809 2nd: November 27, 1809 – May 1, 1810 3rd: December 3, 1810 – March 3, 1811 | |
Major events
- March 4, 1809: James Madison became President of the United States
- October 27, 1810: Annexation of West Florida from Spain
Major legislation
- May 1, 1810: Macon's Bill Number 2, ch. 39, 2 Stat. 605
Constitutional amendments
- May 1, 1810: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution that would strip United States citizenship from any citizen who accepted a title of nobility from a foreign country, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification 2 Stat. 613
- This amendment, commonly known as the Titles of Nobility Amendment, has not been ratified and is still pending before the states.
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic- Republican (DR) |
Federalist (F) | |||
| End of previous congress | 28 | 6 | 34 | 0 |
| Begin | 26 | 7 | 33 | 1 |
| End | 8 | 34 | 0 | |
| Final voting share | 76.5% | 23.5% | ||
| Beginning of next congress | 28 | 6 | 34 | 0 |
House of Representatives
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic- Republican (DR) |
Federalist (F) | |||
| End of previous congress | 115 | 27 | 142 | 0 |
| Begin | 93 | 49 | 142 | 0 |
| End | 48 | 141 | 1 | |
| Final voting share | 66.0% | 34.0% | ||
| Beginning of next congress | 106 | 36 | 142 | 0 |
Leadership
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President of the Senate George Clinton (as painted in 1814)
Senate
- President: George Clinton (DR)
- President pro tempore: John Milledge (DR)
- Andrew Gregg (DR), from June 26, 1809
- John Gaillard (DR), from February 28, 1810
- John Pope (DR), from February 23, 1811
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Joseph B. Varnum (DR)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1814; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1810; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1812.
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Kentucky
Maryland
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
|
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Vermont
Virginia
|
 Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 11th Congress in March 1809.
2 Democratic-Republicans
1 Democratic-Republican and 1 Federalist
2 Federalists
|
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their districts.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
There were 8 resignations, 2 deaths, 1 interim appointment, and 1 vacancy from before this Congress.
| State (class) |
Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[lower-alpha 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ohio (3) |
Vacant | Edward Tiffin (DR) resigned at the end of the previous Congress. Successor was appointed to continue the term. |
Stanley Griswold (DR) | Seated May 18, 1809 |
| New Jersey (2) |
Aaron Kitchell (DR) | Resigned March 12, 1809. Successor was appointed to continue the term and subsequently elected to finish the term. |
John Condit (DR) | Seated March 21, 1809 |
| Tennessee (2) |
Daniel Smith (DR) | Resigned March 31, 1809. Successor was elected April 11, 1809 to finish the term. |
Jenkin Whiteside (DR) | Seated April 11, 1809 |
| Rhode Island (1) |
Francis Malbone (F) | Died June 4, 1809. Successor was elected to finish the term. |
Christopher G. Champlin (F) | Seated June 26, 1809 |
| Delaware (1) |
Samuel White (F) | Died November 4, 1809. Successor was appointed to continue the term and subsequently elected to finish the term. |
Outerbridge Horsey (F) | Seated January 12, 1810 |
| Georgia (3) |
John Milledge (DR) | Resigned November 14, 1809. Successor was elected to finish the term. |
Charles Tait (DR) | Seated November 27, 1809 |
| Ohio (3) |
Stanley Griswold (DR) | Appointee was not elected to finish the term. Successor elected December 11, 1809. |
Alexander Campbell (DR) | Seated December 11, 1809 |
| Kentucky (2) |
Buckner Thruston (DR) | Appointed judge of the US District Court of the District of Columbia December 18, 1809 | Henry Clay (DR) | Seated November 4, 1810 |
| New Hampshire (3) |
Nahum Parker (DR) | Resigned June 1, 1810 | Charles Cutts (F) | Seated June 21, 1810 |
| Connecticut (1) |
James Hillhouse (F) | Resigned June 10, 1810 | Samuel W. Dana (F) | Seated December 4, 1810 |
| Ohio (1) |
Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR) | Resigned on or before December 10, 1810, to become Governor of Ohio | Thomas Worthington (DR) | Seated December 15, 1810 |
| South Carolina (2) |
Thomas Sumter (DR) | Resigned December 16, 1810 | John Taylor (DR) | Seated December 31, 1810 |
House of Representatives
Of the voting members, there were 12 resignations, 1 death, and 1 change due to a contested election.
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[lower-alpha 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indiana Territory | Vacant | failure to elect | Jonathan Jennings | Seated November 27, 1809 |
| Pennsylvania 1st |
Benjamin Say (DR) | Resigned June, 1809 | Adam Seybert (DR) | Seated October 10, 1809 |
| Massachusetts 7th |
William Baylies (F) | Lost contested election June 28, 1809 | Charles Turner Jr. (DR) | June 28, 1809 |
| Virginia 21st |
Wilson C. Nicholas (DR) | Resigned November 27, 1809 | David S. Garland (DR) | Seated January 17, 1810 |
| Maryland 7th |
John Brown (DR) | Resigned sometime in 1810 | Robert Wright (DR) | Seated November 29, 1810 |
| Massachusetts 10th |
Jabez Upham (F) | Resigned sometime in 1810 | Joseph Allen (F) | October 8, 1810 |
| New York 2nd |
William Denning (DR) | Resigned sometime in 1810 | Samuel L. Mitchill (DR) | December 4, 1810 |
| Kentucky 5th |
Benjamin Howard (DR) | Resigned April 10, 1810, after becoming Governor of Louisiana Territory | William T. Barry (DR) | Seated August 8, 1810 |
| Connecticut at-large |
Samuel W. Dana (F) | Resigned May 10, 1810, after being elected to US Senate | Ebenezer Huntington (F) | October 11, 1810 |
| Maryland 4th |
Roger Nelson (DR) | Resigned May 14, 1810 | Samuel Ringgold (DR) | Seated October 15, 1810 |
| Massachusetts 11th |
William Stedman (F) | Resigned July 16, 1810 | Abijah Bigelow (F) | October 8, 1810 |
| New Jersey at-large |
James Cox (DR) | Died September 12, 1810 | John A. Scudder (DR) | Seated October 31, 1810 |
| Virginia 1st |
John G. Jackson (DR) | Resigned September 28, 1810 | William McKinley (DR) | Seated December 21, 1810 |
| South Carolina 1st |
Robert Marion (DR) | Resigned December 4, 1810 | Langdon Cheves (DR) | Seated December 31, 1810 |
| South Carolina 4th |
John Taylor (DR) | Resigned December 30, 1810, after becoming US Senator | Vacant | Not filled for remainder of term |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: N/A)
- Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Nicholas Gilman)
- National University (Chairman: N/A)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Chairman: Nicholas R. Moore then William Milnor then Nicholas R. Moore)
- Arms Exports (Select)
- Claims (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson then Erastus Root)
- Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: John Love then Archibald Van Horne)
- Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Jeremiah Morrow)
- Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Henry Southard)
- Rules (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Ways and Means (Chairman: John W. Eppes)
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: James Turner)
- The Library (Chairman: N/A)
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
Senate
- Chaplain: James J. Wilmer (Episcopalian), until December 5, 1809
- Obadiah B. Brown (Baptist), from December 5, 1809
- Walter D. Addison (Episcopalian), from December 12, 1810
- Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
- Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Robert Elliott, Baptist, until May 27, 1809
- Clerk: Patrick Magruder
- Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
- Reading Clerks: [data missing]
- Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn
See also
- 1808 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1810 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
- When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.
References
- Denning never took his seat, and eventually resigned. Apparently he did not send a letter of resignation to the House, but communicated his resignation either to the Governor of New York or the Secretary of State of New York. Almost all old State records were destroyed by a fire which broke out at the New York State Capitol during the 1911 United States Senate election in New York, so that the exact date is possibly no longer to ascertain. Certain is that he resigned in time to have the vacancy filled at the annual State election in late April 1810 when the regular congressional elections were held.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
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