Eurema

Eurema
	Eurema blanda
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Pieridae
Tribe:	Euremini
Genus:	Eurema; Hübner, [1819]
Type species
	Eurema daira; Cramer, 1780
Species
	c. 70, see text
Synonyms
	Abaeis Hübner, [1819]; Terias Swainson, [1821]; Xanthidia Boisduval & Le Conte, [1829]; Lucidia Lacordaire, 1833; Heurema Agassiz, [1847]; Pyrisitia Butler, 1870; Sphaenogona Butler, 1870; Maiva Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1893; Kibreeta Moore, [1906]; Nirmula Moore, [1906]; Teriocolias Röber, [1909];

Eurema is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae.

E. xantochlora xantochlora - tropical yellow, Colombia

E. elathea elathea - false barred sulphur, Grand Cayman

E. brigitta - small grass yellow

E. hecabe - common grass yellow

E. venusta - grass yellow, Brazil

Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (Eurema daira).

There are over 70 species in the genus, but more than 300 synonymous names have been applied to them. Some species, such as the common African grass yellow (E. hecabe) have over 80 synonyms. The genus itself has over 15 junior generic synonyms. This is the price of being a widespread taxon, as well as a zoogeographical problem.

Species

Listed alphabetically within groups:[1]

Eurema ada (Distant & Pryer, 1887)
Eurema alitha (C.& R. Felder, 1862) – scalloped grass yellow
Eurema andersonii (Moore, 1886) – one-spot grass yellow
Eurema beatrix (Toxopeus, 1939)
Eurema blanda (Boisduval, 1836) – three-spot grass yellow
Eurema brigitta (Stoll, [1780]) – small grass yellow or no brand grass yellow
Eurema candida (Stoll, [1782])
Eurema celebensis Wallace, 1867
Eurema desjardinsii (Boisduval, 1833) – angled grass yellow
?Eurema ecriva (Butler, 1873)
Eurema esakii Shirôzu, 1953
Eurema floricola (Boisduval, 1883) – Malagasy grass yellow
?Eurema halmaherana Shirôzu & Yata, 1981
Eurema hapale (Mabille, 1882) – pale grass yellow or marsh grass yellow
Eurema hecabe (Linnaeus, 1758) – common grass yellow
Eurema herla (Macleay, 1826) – pink grass yellow
?Eurema hiurae Shirozu & Yata, 1977
Eurema lacteola (Distant, 1886) – scarce grass yellow
Eurema laeta (Boisduval, [1836]) – spotless grass yellow
Eurema lombokiana Fruhstorfer, 1897
Eurema mandarinula (Holland, 1892) – mandarin grass yellow
Eurema mentawiensis Corbet, 1942
Eurema novapallida Yata, 1992
Eurema nilgiriensis Yata, 1990 – Nilgiri grass yellow
Eurema puella (Boisduval, 1832) – broad-margined grass yellow
Eurema regularis (Butler, 1876) – regular grass yellow
Eurema sari (Horsfield, [1829]) – chocolate grass yellow
Eurema sarilata Semper, 1891
Eurema senegalensis Boisduval, [1836] – forest grass yellow
Eurema simulatrix (Semper, 1891) – changeable grass yellow
Eurema smilax (Donovan, 1805) – small grass yellow
Eurema tilaha (Horsfield, [1829])
Eurema nicevillei (Butler, 1898) – Malayan grass yellow
Eurema timorensis Shirôzu & Yata, 1977
Eurema tominia (Vollenhoven, 1865)
Eurema upembana (Berger, 1981)
Eurema zamida (Fruhstorfer, 1908)

Species group:

Eurema adamsi (Lathy, 1898)
Eurema agave (Cramer, [1775])
Eurema albula (Cramer, [1776]) – ghost yellow
Eurema amelia (Poey, [1832])
Eurema arbela Geyer, [1832]
Eurema daira (Godart, [1819]) (type species) – barred yellow, fairy yellow, or barred sulphur
Eurema deva (Doubleday, 1847)
Eurema elathea (Cramer, [1777])
Eurema fabiola (C. & R. Felder, 1861)
Eurema lirina (Bates, 1861)
Eurema lucina (Poey, [1852])
Eurema mexicana (Boisduval, [1836]) – Mexican yellow
Eurema nigrocincta Dognin, 1889
Eurema paulina (Bates, 1861)
Eurema phiale (Cramer, [1775])
Eurema reticulata (Butler, 1871)
Eurema salome (C. & R. Felder, 1861) – Salome yellow
Eurema tupuntenem Lichy, 1976
Eurema xantochlora (Kollar, 1850) – tropical yellow

Species group abaeis:

Eurema nicippe (Cramer, [1779])
Eurema nicippiformis Munroe, 1947

Species group pyrisitia:

Eurema chamberlaini Butler, 1897
Eurema dina (Poey, 1832) – bush sulphur or dina yellow
Eurema euterpiformis Munroe, 1947
Eurema leuce (Boisduval, 1836) – Hall's sulphur
Eurema lisa (Boisduval & Leconte, 1829) – little yellow
Eurema messalina (Fabricius, 1787) – shy yellow
Eurema nise (Cramer, [1775]) – mimosa yellow
Eurema portoricensis (Dewitz, 1877) – Puerto Rican yellow
Eurema proterpia (Fabricius, 1775) – tailed orange or little jaune
Eurema pyro (Godart, 1819)
Eurema venusta (Boisduval, 1836)

Species group teriocolias:

Eurema zelia (Lucas, 1852)

Unknown species group

Eurema doris (Röber, 1909)
Eurema irena Corbet & Pendlebury, 1932
Eurema ormistoni (Watkins, 1925)
Eurema raymundoi (D'Almeida, 1928)
Eurema tondana (Felder, C & R Felder, 1865)

References

Eurema, page on Markku Savela's butterfly website

External links

Pteron Images of Eurema, in Japanese but with binomial names.
Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 22

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[1] Eurema, page on Markku Savela's butterfly website