Exidia

Exidia is a genus of fungi in the family Auriculariaceae. The species are saprotrophic, occurring in attached or recently fallen dead wood, and produce gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies). The fruit bodies are diverse, pustular, lobed, button-shaped or cup-shaped. Several species, including the type species Exidia glandulosa, have sterile pegs or pimples on their spore-bearing surface. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution and around 20 species are currently recognized worldwide.[1] Initial molecular research indicates the genus is artificial.[2]

Exidia
Exidia glandulosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Auriculariales
Family: Auriculariaceae
Genus: Exidia
Fr.
Type species
Exidia glandulosa
(Bull.) Fr.

Taxonomy

Exidia species were originally placed in the genus Tremella along with many other gelatinous fungi. The genus Exidia was separated from Tremella by Fries in 1822, based mainly on fruit body shape. Fries initially included species now assigned to Auricularia within the genus.

Recent molecular research has indicated that Exidia as currently circumscribed is an artificial grouping, the species not being clearly differentiated from similar, but effused species assigned to the genera Exidiopsis and Heterochaete.[2] Only a few species have yet been sequenced, however.

Description

Exidia fruit bodies are gelatinous, most having a distinct spore-bearing upper surface and a sterile undersurface. These surfaces are either smooth or (in some species) covered in dense or scattered sterile pegs or pimples. Fruit bodies grow either separately or in clusters, in which case they may coalesce.

Microscopic characters

Exidia fruit bodies are composed of hyphae with clamp connections in a gelatinous matrix. The spore-bearing surface is initially covered in a layer of branched hyphidia below which the basidia are formed. The basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid and vertically septate), giving rise to long, sinuous sterigmata or epibasidia on which the basidiospores are produced. These spores are allantoid (sausage-shaped) or less commonly oblong to cylindrical.

Species

The list below includes species of Exidia that have recently been described or redescribed. Some additional older species may also be valid, but lack a modern description. The type locality (but not the wider distribution) is given for each species.

ImageNameType Locality
Exidia aeruginosaJamaica
Exidia alveolataEcuador
Exidia ambipapillataGuatemala
Exidia antiguaeGuatemala
Exidia badioumbrinaPoland
Exidia brunneolaFinland
Exidia candidaUSA
Exidia cartilagineaSweden
Exidia cokeriUSA
Exidia compactaUSA
Exidia crenataUSA
Exidia cystidiataUSA
Exidia glandulosaFrance
Exidia luteaGuatemala
Exidia maracensisBrazil
Exidia mayaGuatemala
Exidia mexicanaMexico
Exidia nigricansEngland
Exidia nothofagiNew Zealand
Exidia panamensisPanama
Exidia pergamenaBrazil
Exidia pithyaGermany
Exidia purpureocinereaSouth Africa
Exidia pusillaBrunei
Exidia qinghaiensisChina
Exidia recisaGermany
Exidia reflexaChina
Exidia repandaSweden
Exidia saccharinaSweden
Exidia subglandulosaChina
Exidia subsaccharinaFrance
Exidia thuretianaFrance
Exidia tucumanensisArgentina
Exidia umbrinellaItaly
Exidia uvapassaJapan
Exidia yadongensisChina
Exidia zelleriUSA

References
  1. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  2. Weiß, Michael; Oberwinkler, Franz (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships in Auriculariales and related groups – hypotheses derived from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences". Mycological Research. 105 (4): 403–415. doi:10.1017/s095375620100363x.
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