List of defunct department stores of the United States

This is a list of defunct department stores of the United States, from small-town one-unit stores to mega-chains, which have disappeared over the past 100 years. Many closed, while others were sold or merged with other department stores.

Department stores merged with Federated and May

Timeline of former nameplates merging into Macy's.

Many United States department store chains and local department stores, some with long and proud histories, went out of business or lost their identities between 1986 and 2006 as the result of a complex series of corporate mergers and acquisitions that involved Federated Department Stores and The May Department Stores Company with many stores becoming units of Macy's, Inc. The following is a list of the affected stores, including some local and regional stores that earlier had been absorbed into chains that became part of Federated, May, or Macy's.

Other department stores

Discount Stores

Ames. Bradlees was part of the Stop ‘n Shop Companies which was a grocery chain also based in Mass. While there were Bradlees discount stores in the mid Atlantic region, with a buying office on Broadway in the garment center district in NYC; the grocery stores were only in the New England area. Caldor, Service Merchandise, Venture, Woolco, and Zayre were national discount stores that closed due to changes in shopping places and patterns, and/or large debt from mergers and acquisitions.[2]

National and regional

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Puerto Rico

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

  • Block's Department Store (Idaho Falls and region) It was a Pocatello-based department store chain that had stores in Idaho and Utah and was liquidated in 1986.[141] Not to be confused with the Indianapolis-based William H. Block Co. which was also known as "Block's".
  • Idaho Department Store (southern Idaho) Caldwell-based department store chain that was purchased by the P.N. Hirsch division of Interco in 1966 when it had 25 stores and had survived at least to the mid-1980s.[142] The chain was still a part of Interco when P.N. Hirsch was sold in 1983[143] but there is no mention of the chain in print after that point.
  • King's Variety Store

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

  • Beall-Ladymon (Shreveport), purchased from Horace Ladymon by Stage Stores, Inc. in 1994. Stores converted to Stage soon thereafter.
  • D. H. Holmes (New Orleans), purchased by Dillard's in 1989
  • Krauss, 1903–1997
  • Maison Blanche (New Orleans), last operated under that name by Mercantile Stores Co. Remaining Maison Blanche stores converted to Dillard's in 1998.
  • The Palace (Monroe)
  • Palais Royal (Shreveport), purchased by Wellan's of Alexandria 1985. Rebranded and later closed. Stage later revived the name after their purchase of Wellan's.
  • Selber Bros. (Shreveport), begun in 1907, purchased by and converted to Dillard's in 1988[186]

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

  • Mervyns (the chain may come back, by the Morris decisions)
  • Fred Meyer
  • ZCMI (Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution), founded and operated by the LDS Church until purchased by May Company (1999), became Meier and Frank in 2003, some stores sold to Dillard's, others became Macy's in 2005

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

See also

References

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  142. "Interco Strides Toward Third Successive Peak". Barron's. April 17, 1967. p. 29. Interco made its first diversification move in 1964, when it bought for 337,679 shares P.N. Hirsch & Co., a chain of junior department stores. At the time, Hirsch had 105 stores. At the 1966 year-end, the division ran 210 stores, located in 16 states in the Midwest, Northwest and South. Last year eight stores were opened in the Midwest. The Hirsch division is also busily expanding in other ways. In January 1966, it purchased four department stores in northern California from W.R. Carithers & Sons, Inc., and in February, the unit acquired all the capital stock of Idaho Department Store Co., Caldwell, Idaho, a chain of 25 stores. In September, Interco acquired Central Hardware Co. and its subsidiary, Witte Hardware Co. Central operates a six-store chain of supermarket-type hardware stores located in Greater St. Louis Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
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  158. Holecek, Andrea (January 22, 2010). "Former Minas employees, customers invited to be a part of history; Grandson of founder of defunct region landmark invites region residents to reminisce for his book". Times of Northwest Indiana.
  159. "The Root Store". Wabash Valley Profile. August 16, 2001. PDF
  160. "Dillard's agrees to sell 26 stores acquired in Mercantile purchase". Deseret News. August 3, 1998.
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  162. Oljace, Beth (November 27, 2011). "History: Downtown Anderson was the place to shop". Anderson Herald Bulletin.
  163. Hall, Forest M. (1922). "W.W. Wicks Enlisted When Sent On An Errand - Never Returned to Job - Came To Bloomington After War". Historic treasures: true tales of deeds with interesting data in the life of Bloomington, Indiana University and Monroe County--written in simple language and about real people, with other important things and illustrations. Indiana University Press. p. 141. OCLC 4699467.
  164. "Courthouse Square". The City of Bloomington. Archived from the original on 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2013-05-10.
  165. Barron, Jim & Barron, Kathie (2011). Wolf and Dessauer: Where Fort Wayne Shopped. The History Press. ISBN 9781609493349. OCLC 767725218.
  166. "Ziesels reunion". Elkhart Truth. September 16, 2009. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013.
  167. Lowe, Joe (May 16, 2012). "Calling All Former S.W. Andersons Employees". WOMI.
  168. Connelley, William Elsey & Coulter, Ellis Merton (1922). "Samuel Walter Anderson". In Kerr, Charles (ed.). History of Kentucky. Vol. 3. American Historical Society. p. 298. ISBN 9780598572981. OCLC 680482713.
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  170. Boyd, Terry (June 8, 1998). "Dillard's says Bacons name will go". Louisville Business First.
  171. Kleber, John E., ed. (2001). "Ben Snyder's Department Store". The Encyclopedia of Louisville. p. 86. ISBN 9780813121000. OCLC 42726130.
  172. "Ben Synder Buys Mall Space". Bowling Green Daily News. November 30, 1978. p. 1A.
  173. Ribar, Richard (12 September 1979). "New mall opens its doors for business". Bowling Green Daily News. pp. 1A, 16A.
  174. Poole, Shelia M. (June 11, 1987). "Snyder's To Buy 5 Ayres Stores In Kentucky". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. B4. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewsBank.
  175. Poole, Shelia M. (July 13, 1987). "Snyder's Takes A Leap Forward Acquisition Of Ayres Stores A Key To Company's Plans". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. D1. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewsBank.
  176. "Pennsylvania-based Hess's buys Snyder's store chain". Bowling Green Daily News. 25 September 1987. p. 5–A.
  177. Cooper, Ron (October 5, 1987). "Sale Was Just One Tough Option Snyder's Faced". Business First. Vol. 4, no. 9. p. 1. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  178. Jordan, Jim (December 25, 1987). "Snyder's To Be Renamed Hess's Department Stores". Lexington Herald-Leader. p. E8. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewsBank.
  179. Simmons, Amy (February 15, 1988). "Hess's Will Steer Middle-of-the-Road Course". Business First. Vol. 4, no. 28. p. 1. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  180. Koier, Eve (December 26, 1988). "Hess's to Close Dixie Manor Store". Business First. Vol. 5, no. 21. p. 1. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  181. "ISJL - Kentucky Danville Encyclopedia". Goldring/Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life. Retrieved Aug 13, 2020.
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  183. "Stewart's, Ayres' announce Merger". Bowling Green Daily News. November 3, 1985. p. 4C.
  184. Miller, Kenneth L. (2001). "Stewart's Dry Goods Company". In Kleber, John E. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Louisville. pp. 851–852. ISBN 9780813121000. OCLC 42726130.
  185. "Landmark Lexington department store closes". Kentucky New Era. April 6, 1992. p. 1B.
  186. "Aaron Selber". Shreveport Times. August 14, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  187. Dresser, Michael (June 19, 1992). "Moves put Hamburgers' future in doubt Chain discusses selling its leases". Baltimore Sun.
  188. "Almy's - SalWiki".
  189. "Kennedy's Clothing Store...A Classic Retro Boston Fixture Remembered". Shopping Days In Retro Boston (blog). Charles of Boston. 4 April 2012. Kennedy's: Boston's Largest, Livest, Leading Men's Store…an early slogan… The store had its humble beginnings in 1892 in a small shop in Hyde Park… blossoming in 1912 with the leasing of the large, handsome building on the corner of Summer and Hawley Streets built in 1873… By the late 1970's, Kennedy's was owned by the Van Heusen Corporation… The company was not making the profits [Van Heusen] deemed necessary and in early 1980 decided to close many of the Kennedy's locations including the Boston flagship.
  190. Wurtzburg's The Department Store Museum.
  191. Dozier, Vickki (September 30, 2016). "From the Archives: Department stores of the past". Lansing State Journal. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  192. Richard Karp; Kristine M. Kidorf (January 30, 2007), NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM: Arbaugh's Department Store Building, File Unit: National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records: Michigan, 1964 - 2013
  193. Arlan's
  194. 9 Department Stores in Detroit Only in Your State.
  195. Billing's Five and Dime Store, East Midland Street, Bay City Michigan
  196. Serwach, Joseph J. (February 26, 1987). "PAPAL VISIT RAISES THE SPIRITS OF A BLUE-COLLAR TOWN". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  197. Kopytek, Bruce Allen (November 30, 2015). Crowley's: Detroit's Friendly Store (Landmarks) (Paperback). Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. ISBN 978-1467119740.
  198. "Getz's Department Store Shares Their Secret To Success". CBS 62. July 21, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  199. La Via, Vinny (October 25, 2021). "Getz's Department Store struggles amidst global supply chain crisis". TV6. Retrieved June 5, 2022. The retailer's inventory is currently at a record low.
  200. Getz's Department Store Dunn & Bradsteet
  201. Gilmore Brothers, Kalamazoo, Michigan The Department Store Museum
  202. Bay City in Michigan – What the Grisdales found
  203. Thornton, Kurt (2014). Battle Creek. Arcadia Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 9781439642849.
  204. "We Invite You To Our Story|Himelhoch's Fashion". himelhochs.us. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  205. J.B. Perry
  206. Gauthier, Doris A. (1989). Pioneer Harrisville. United States: D. A. Gauthier. p. 24.
  207. Michigan Department of Labor (1919). Report. p. 413.
  208. Shoulberg, Warren (December 21, 2021). "RETAIL: Was Our Prediction On Sears From A Year Ago Dead On?". Forbes. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
  209. Knepps Department Store, Washington Avenue, Bay City, Michigan
  210. 1940 View of Washington Avenue, Knepp's Dept. Store, Kresge's, Bay City, MI
  211. Squires, Kristen (4 March 2020). "CELEBRATING 5 YEARS IN HISTORIC DOWNTOWN BAY CITY KRESGE BUILDING".
  212. SS Kresge and F.W. Woolworth Stores on Woodward Avenue
  213. Let's Go Shopping... Hamtramck Historical Museum.
  214. Stanton, Ryan (May 19, 2022). "3-story addition proposed for historic building on Ann Arbor's Main Street". The Ann Arbor News via MLive.
  215. Shackman, Grace (May 1982). "Mack & Company". Ann Arbor Observer. Retrieved May 19, 2022. The Nieman-Marcus of Ann Arbor .. Mack & Company was Ann Arbor's counterpart to downtown Detroit's big J.L. Hudson store. It sold everything from furniture and carpets to cosmetics and lingerie, from dry goods to insurance, from health food to postage stamps. It had its own pharmacy. And it even had its own bank.
  216. Businesses Wexford County Historical Society.
  217. Kellogg, Angela (June 1, 2021). "Mill End Memories: Bob Folkert from candy counter to regional retail tradition". The Clare County Cleaver. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  218. Havey, Robert. "Milliken in the Middle". Bentley Historical Collection, University of Michigan. Michigan's longest-serving governor was a Republican renowned for reaching across the aisle to Democratic colleagues, and for making Michigan's environmental health a priority. His collection at the Bentley reveals a breed of politician that's nearly extinct.
  219. "Then and Now". TC Arts Commission.
  220. Geiger, Lynn. "Downtown Die-Hards: Long-Time Shop Owners On What Sets TC Apart, What Changes They'd Like To See". In Downtown Traverse City, Issue 2007 December.
  221. MNA Staff (July 2, 2015). "LOCAL HISTORY: Milliken's of Manistee". Manistee News Advocate.
  222. Arshad, Minnah (December 16, 2021). "Bill Mitzelfeld Department Store Owner Dies at 92". Detroit Free Press.
  223. "Peek Through Time: Montgomery Ward 'anchored' Jackson's new Westwood Mall in 1972". 17 December 2014.
  224. Peek Through Time: Montgomery Ward 'anchored' Jackson's new Westwood Mall in 1972 Jan. 20, 2019
  225. Lansing Mall
  226. Mall Hall of Fame Detroit
  227. "Montgomery Wards Greenfield & Grandriver Detroit, MI | Dearborn michigan, Detroit city, Detroit michigan".
  228. "Montgomery Wards Stores; Detroit & Royal Oak".
  229. "Montgomery Ward". 22 February 2015.
  230. Robinson, John (October 6, 2021). "Famous Retailer Montgomery Ward Spent His Childhood in Niles, Michigan". WFMK.
  231. "Neisner Brothers to close four Detroit area stores". Detroit Free Press. January 19, 1978. p. 16 via newspapers.com.
  232. Five and Dime Historical Site, 280 W. Nine Mile Historical Markers Database
  233. Jordan, Heather (November 13, 2013). "Norman Corp. closing all five stores in Michigan, including downtown Bay City location". MLive. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  234. Riddle, Julie (March 20, 2019). "Alpena Peebles to close". Alpena News.
  235. Michigan State University. Alumni Association (1960). Michigan State University Alumni Association Magazine. Vol. 6. p. 22.
  236. Sam's Cut Rate Detroit Historical Society
  237. Baston, Verlinder. "Seitner's Department Store". Mid-Michigan Remembers Stories About Us. Delta College.
  238. Rahal, Sarah (May 30, 2022). "Four Sears Hometown stores in Michigan to close". The Detroit News. Retrieved June 5, 2022. Four Sears Hometown stores have announced permanent shutdowns in Michigan this month with closeout sales, leaving the storied retail name all but absent from the state. Stores in Escanaba, Houghton, Ionia and Sault Ste. Marie posted on their Facebook sites about the closings, which come less than a year after Michigan's last Sears department store, in Westland, closed in June 2021.
  239. Old Stores waterwinterland.com
  240. Flinn, Gary (November 29, 2008). "Remember when crowds flocked to downtown Flint for holiday shopping". Flint Journal.
  241. The Department Store Museum, Bibliography
  242. Lybrink, Cassandra (July 29, 2021). "Business: After eight decades, Teerman's will close entire store". The Holland Sentinel. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  243. "Scrapbook". Escanaba Historical Society.
  244. "RRPC Post Card, The Fair Savings Bank Store, Escanaba, Michigan".
  245. "The Fair Store". Escanaba Daily Press. August 19, 1972. p. 24.
  246. "FAIR STORE HAS ANNIVERSARY". October 10, 1935. p. 12 via Newspaper Archives.
  247. Movements of Display Men. November 1919. p. 46. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  248. Toeller Building Emporis
  249. Michigan Department of Labor (1919). Report. p. 414.
  250. Bonesteel, Joyce (May 8, 2016). "Built in 1870, the 'White Building' has graced downtown Lapeer for 142 years". The Lapeer County Press. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
  251. "Stanley J. Winkelman, Department Store Executive, 76". The New York Times. 25 August 1999. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  252. "Wonderland Day at the Cove' Aug. 7". Retrieved June 7, 2022. Remember Wonderland discount department stores in Dowagiac and Niles?
  253. Royce, Jessica (April 19, 2018). "Younkers stores in Midland, Bay County to close by end of summer". WNEM.
  254. ]https://www.yelp.com/biz/younkers-marquette Younker's Marquette]
  255. Bobby Guy (April 27, 2017). "Remember the Zayre Department Store at West Main Mall in the '80s?" (Video). K102.5 - Kalamazoo's Greatest Hits.
  256. "Equitable of Iowa Unit To Buy J.L. Brandeis For Up to $35 Million". Wall Street Journal (Eastern ed.). December 26, 1986. p. 1. Younkers Inc., a unit of Equitable of Iowa Cos., said it agreed to buy J.L. Brandeis & Sons Inc. Brandeis, owned by Alan Baer of Omaha, Neb., operates 11 department stores in Nebraska and Iowa. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  257. "Younkers To Buy 11 Brandeis Units". WWD. Vol. 152, no. 125. December 30, 1986. p. 2. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  258. "Brandeis Buys Gold; Gird to Battle Chains: Brandeis Buys Gold; Gird to Battle Chains". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 108, no. 21. January 30, 1964. pp. 1, 44. J.L. Brandeis & Sons, Inc. has purchase Gold & Co. of Lincoln for an undisclosed amount of cash. The two largest family-owned independent department stores in Nebraska have joined, ostensibly to combat the inroads being made by chain competition. Brndeis, Nebraska's largest department store has six locations, all in Omaha. Gold's has a downtown store covering nearly a square block, plus a warehouse operation, It includes a supermarket and automotive service center. Brandeis owns the local Metropolitan Drug Co. Gold's was founded in 1902 by William Gold, grandfather of its president. Brandeis started business in 1880 by Jonas Brandeis, grandfather of it president. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  259. McKee, Jim (November 17, 2013). "The rise and demise of Lincoln-owned department stores". Lincoln Journal Star. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  260. "Gold & Co. Buys Rudge & Guenzel: Deal For Lincoln, Neb., Unit Of Allied Stores Said To Have Involved About $500,000—Closed For Inventory". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 63, no. 110. December 4, 1941. p. 1. The Rudge & Guenzel has operated in Lincoln for 54 years. While official confirmation was not forthcoming at press time, it was reported that Gold & Co., Inc. have purchased only the stock and will not continue the operation of the store. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  261. "Store Closings Set By Federal's Chain". New York Times. December 27, 1972. p. 68. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  262. Rolfes, Steven J. (2012). Cincinnati Landmarks. Arcadia Publishing. p. 27. ISBN 9780738593951. OCLC 794708039.
  263. Collins, Glenn (October 8, 1996). "Best Products to Shut 81 Stores and Let 4,500 Workers Go". New York Times.
  264. "Retailer opened Bargain City". Toledo Blade. July 8, 2004.
  265. Grabowski, John J., ed. (July 16, 1997). "Gray Drug Stores, Inc.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University.
  266. Grabowski, John J., ed. (June 25, 1997). "Cook United, Inc.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University.
  267. Cuff, Daniel F. (October 2, 1984). "Cook United Files Under Chapter 11". New York Times.
  268. Brickey, Homer (October 2, 1984). "Cook United Stores Declare Bankruptcy". Toledo Blade. p. 23.
  269. Grabowski, John J., ed. (July 21, 1997). "Bailey Co.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University.
  270. Kopytek, Bruce Allen (June 25, 2013). Toledo's Three Ls: Lamson's, The Lion Store, and Lasalle's Tiedtke's (Paperback) (Illustrated ed.).
  271. Albury, Chuck (October 30, 1979). "Cook's Discount Store Is Open". St. Petersburg Times. p. 3.
  272. "Retailing Passes Donenfeld's By - Family Couldn't Find Buyer". Dayton Daily News. December 1, 1991. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewsBank.
  273. Gleaves, Rebekah (August 29, 2002). "Wild, Wild West: Once convicted of fraud and in debt to the IRS for a cool million, Steven West is some kind of businessman". New Times Broward-Palm Beach.
  274. "Operation of New Stores To Aid Davidson Brothers". Barron's. Vol. 35, no. 2. January 10, 1955. p. 31. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  275. Grabowski, John J., ed. (July 23, 1997). "BUSINESS, RETAIL". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University.
  276. Barmash, Isadore (September 8, 1988). "Kimco Buys Campeau's Gold Circle". New York Times.
  277. "Goldman's store founder eulogized". Dayton Daily News. August 25, 2010.
  278. Larson, Emily A. (November 25, 2012). "Carroll's was the place to shop". Newark Advocate. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015.
  279. "Davidson Bros., Detroit, Buy Kobacker Stores". Toledo Blade. January 28, 1961. p. 15.
  280. "4 Stores Bought By Davidson Bros.: Michigan Suburban Units of Sams, Inc., Acquired". New York Times. September 20, 1961. p. 41. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  281. "Davidson Bros. Buys Two Companies, Adding 14 Retail Units to Chain". Wall Street Journal. January 30, 1961. p. 13. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  282. Speck, William D. (2003). Toledo: A History in Architecture: 1914 to Century's End. Arcadia Publishing. p. 57. ISBN 9780738532042. OCLC 53886976.
  283. Deitch, Linda. "Beyond holiday reminiscing, Lazarus department store left its mark on how Americans shop". The Dispatch. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  284. "Lima Store Is Sold To Dayton Chain: Leader Was Last Of Home-Owned Outlet In City". Toledo Blade. February 14, 1974. p. 1.
  285. "The May Department Stores Company Announces Robinsons And May Company To Become Robinsons-May; Kaufmann's And May Company To Become Kaufmann's". PRNewswire (Press release). October 16, 1992 via The Free Library.
  286. "Earnings Decline At Allied Stores: Sales Off With Closing Of 4 Units In April 30 Quarter". New York Times. May 26, 1969. p. 67. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  287. "Born In A Barn". Sandusky Register. June 28, 1967. p. 12. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  288. "Mr Wiggs' Payroll Has Grown To 470 At All Locations". Sandusky Register. June 29, 1967. p. 14. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  289. "Mr. Wiggs Plans Department Store Here". Park City Daily News. August 30, 1970. p. 1.
  290. "Mr. Wiggs has new Manager". Piqua Daily Call. April 17, 1975. p. 9. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  291. "Revco Sets Purchase of Stores". Athens Messenger. February 2, 1971. p. 2. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  292. "Mr. Wiggs Expands Present Site To 100,000 Sq. Feet". Sandusky Register. September 14, 1977. p. 11. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  293. "Bargain Fair Takes Over Building". Sandusky Register. March 1, 1963. p. 16. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  294. "2 Stores In Ohio Bought By Allied: Halle Sells Units In Canton For $1,250,000; Size Of One Will Be Doubled Companies Plan Sales, Mergers". New York Times. September 14, 1955. p. 49. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  295. "Allied Stores to Shed Polsky's Unit in Ohio, Sell Akron Properties". Wall Street Journal. November 2, 1978. p. 16. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  296. "Mr. Rattenberg is Progressive". Newark Advocate. January 22, 1910. p. 3. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  297. "Rink Store Chain Bought By Gray Drug". St. Petersburg Evening Independent. June 22, 1964. p. 2. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewspaperArchive.com.
  298. Goodman, Rebecca (January 5, 2007). "Fun-loving Hyman Ullner founded Rink's, did TV ads". The Cincinnati Enquirer.
  299. "Lining up for a bargain at Rink's". Lima News. August 23, 2013. Archived from the original on May 7, 2015.
  300. Perry, D. (1969). Vas you ever in Zinzinnati?. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday. p. 118. OCLC 412693.
  301. Albaugh, Patti R. "Main Street Merchant: Dedicated to the Customers and Employees of Dowd's-Rudin's and Rudin's".
  302. Grabowski, John J., ed. (March 27, 1998). "Sterling-Lindner Co.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University.
  303. Orth, Samuel Peter (1910). A History of Cleveland, Ohio: Biographical. S.J. Clarke Publishing Company. pp. 939–940. OCLC 732890. Sterling Welch Cleveland.
  304. Faircloth, Christopher (2009). Cleveland's Department Stores. Arcadia Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 9780738560762. OCLC 299713633.
  305. "Allied Stores Unit in Ohio Sold to Real Estate Firm". Wall Street Journal. July 9, 1968. p. 17. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  306. "Another Store in Cleveland Purchased by Allied Stores". Wall Street Journal. March 12, 1949. p. 2. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  307. Kenney, Kimberly A. (2003). Canton: A Journey Through Time. Arcadia Pub. pp. 49–50, 140–141, 154. ISBN 9780738524511. OCLC 53947073.
  308. Mooney, Barbara (January 13, 1992). "Stern & Mann Not Too Old to Grow". Crain's Cleveland Business. Vol. 13, no. 2. p. 13. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  309. Brandt, Steve (December 23, 1996). "Cincinnati retail: A whole lotta shakin' going on". Cincinnati Business Courier. Vol. 13, no. 33. p. 9B. Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  310. "Swallen's Files For Chapter 11". Columbus Dispatch. November 27, 1995. p. 4. Alternate Link(subscription required) via NewsBank.
  311. Peale, Cliff (December 7, 1995). "Swallen's shuts doors". Cincinnati Post. p. 1A. Link(subscription required) via NewsBank.
  312. "Columbus, Ohio, Store Plans To Merge Into Allied Stores". Wall Street Journal. August 14, 1948. p. 3. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  313. Grabowski, John J., ed. (July 23, 1997). "William Taylor Son & Co.". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University.
  314. Ryan, Carl (June 24, 2010). "Store-chain owner had over 1,000 employees". Toledo Blade.
  315. "Uhlmans Opens New Bowling Green Store". Bryan Times. January 22, 1965. p. 8.
  316. Michaels, Dave (July 21, 2012). "Romney firm scored big in Texas with Stage Stores but exited years before its bankruptcy". Dallas News.
  317. Winski, Joseph (March 8, 1980). "Fields agrees to buy six 'The Union' stores in Ohio". Chicago Tribune. p. N_B7. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  318. Davidson, Tom. "Valley View store closing for good". The Herald. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  319. Dunham, Tom (2012). Springfield, Ohio: A Summary of Two Centuries. Author House. ISBN 9781477261934. OCLC 857903032.
  320. Humphrys, Mark. "Wren's Department Store, Springfield, Ohio". The genealogy site of Mark Humphrys.
  321. Rockel, William Mahlon (1908). 20th century history of Springfield, and Clark County, Ohio, and representative citizens. Chicago: Biographical Publishing Co. OCLC 798059681.
  322. "Charles E. Ziegler: Owned Ziegler's Department Store in Medina". Cleveland Plain Dealer. November 25, 2008.
  323. Rutberg, Sidney (August 4, 1986). "Can John Wanamaker be turned into big money maker? (column)". Daily News Record. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012.
  324. Naylor, Donita. "Bye bye, Benny's: Bittersweet end of a retail era". providencejournal.com. Retrieved 2017-12-26.
  325. Hill, John. "Benny's to close all 31 stores by end of year". providencejournal.com. Retrieved 2017-12-26.
  326. Sigafoos, R.A. (1979). Cotton Row to Beale Street: A business history of Memphis8. Memphis State University Press. ISBN 9780878700684. OCLC 5336899.
  327. "Fedway Stores' Largest Unit Will Be in Corpus Christi". Wall Street Journal. December 11, 1951. p. 9. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  328. "Fedway Tribute Hailed In Texas: Lazarus Cites Population Movement to Smaller Cities, Warm Climates". New York Times. October 5, 1952. p. F12. Alternate Link(subscription required) via ProQuest.
  329. "Springfield Plaza in the '70s". Retrieved Aug 13, 2020.
  330. "Magrams' History". Burlington Free Press. June 28, 1990. p. 25.

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