List of airports in Japan

This is a list of airports in Japan, grouped by classification and sorted by location. As of February 2012, the country has a total of 98 airports, of which 28 are operated by the central government and 67 by local governments.[1]

Aircraft at Terminal 3 of Fukuoka Airport

Airport classifications

In Japan, airports serving civil aviation routes are governed by the Aeronautical Law for safety purposes, by the Noise Prevention Law for noise prevention purposes and by the Airport Act for economic development purposes.[2] The latter law groups such airports into four legal classifications:[3]

  • Hub/First Class airports (拠点空港) serve a hub role in domestic or international transportation. They are subdivided into privately managed airports (the three largest international airports), national airports (run by the central government) and special regional airports (hubs run by prefectural or municipal governments).
  • Regional/Second Class airports (地方管理空港) are other prefectural/municipal airports that the central government deems important to national aviation.
  • Joint-use/Third Class airports (共用空港) are those shared between civil aviation and the Japan Self-Defense Forces.
  • Other airports (その他の空港) fall outside the above categories.

Some airports in Japan do not fall under the scope of the Japanese airport statutes. These include the three major U.S. military air bases in Japan (Kadena Air Base, MCAS Iwakuni and Yokota Air Base) and certain smaller aerodromes for firefighting, corporate or other special purposes.[2] In 2001, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, which receives 20% of the public-works construction budget, commenced a scheme to build airfields predominantly for airlifting vegetables. Kasaoka Airfield was one of nine airfields constructed; however it was later determined that flying vegetables to Okayama from Kasaoka took just as long due to loading and unloading, and cost approximately six times as much as road transport.

Airports

Airport name Municipality Prefecture Island ICAO IATA Classification Notes Coordinates
Kansai International Airport Izumisano / Tajiri / Sennan Osaka Honshu RJBB KIX First-class Airport has scheduled airline services 34°26′03″N 135°13′58″E
Narita International Airport Narita Chiba Honshu RJAA NRT First-class Also known as Tokyo Narita Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
35°45′53″N 140°23′11″E
Chubu Centrair International Airport Tokoname Aichi Honshu RJGG NGO First-class Airport has scheduled airline services 34°51′30″N 136°48′19″E
Tokyo International Airport Ōta Tokyo Honshu RJTT HND First-class Also known as Tokyo Haneda Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
35°33′12″N 139°46′52″E
Osaka International Airport Toyonaka / Ikeda / Itami Osaka / Hyōgo Honshu RJOO ITM First-class Also known as Itami Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
34°47′04″N 135°26′21″E
Akita Airport Akita Akita Honshu RJSK AXT Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 39°36′56″N 140°13′07″E
Asahikawa Airport Asahikawa Hokkaido Hokkaido RJEC AKJ Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 43°40′15″N 142°26′51″E
New Chitose Airport Chitose Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCC CTS Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 42°46′31″N 141°41′33″E
Fukuoka Airport Fukuoka Fukuoka Kyushu RJFF FUK Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 33°35′04″N 130°27′06″E
Hakodate Airport Hakodate Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCH HKD Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 41°46′12″N 140°49′19″E
Hiroshima Airport Mihara Hiroshima Honshu RJOA HIJ Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 34°26′10″N 132°55′10″E
Kagoshima Airport Kirishima Kagoshima Kyūshū RJFK KOJ Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 31°48′12″N 130°43′01″E
Kitakyushu Airport Kitakyushu Fukuoka Kyushu RJFR KKJ Second-class Also known as Kokuraminami Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
33°50′44″N 131°02′06″E
Kōchi Airport Nankoku Kōchi Shikoku RJOK KCZ Second-class Also known as Kōchi Ryōma Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
33°32′46″N 133°40′10″E
Kushiro Airport Kushiro Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCK KUH Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 43°02′27″N 144°11′35″E
Kumamoto Airport Mashiki Kumamoto Kyushu RJFT KMJ Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 32°50′14″N 130°51′19″E
Matsuyama Airport Matsuyama Ehime Shikoku RJOM MYJ Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 33°49′38″N 132°41′59″E
Miyazaki Airport Miyazaki Miyazaki Kyushu RJFM KMI Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 31°52′38″N 131°26′55″E
Nagasaki Airport Ōmura Nagasaki Kyushu RJFU NGS Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 32°55′01″N 129°54′49″E
Naha Airport/Naha Air Base Naha Okinawa Okinawa ROAH OKA Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 26°11′45″N 127°38′45″E
Niigata Airport Niigata Niigata Honshu RJSN KIJ Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 37°57′21″N 139°06′42″E
Oita Airport Kunisaki Ōita Kyushu RJFO OIT Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 33°28′46″N 131°44′14″E
Sendai Airport Natori Miyagi Honshu RJSS SDJ Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 38°08′23″N 140°55′01″E
Takamatsu Airport Takamatsu Kagawa Shikoku RJOT TAK Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 34°12′51″N 134°00′56″E
Tokachi–Obihiro Airport Obihiro Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCB OBO Second-class Also known as Obihiro Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
42°44′00″N 143°13′02″E
Wakkanai Airport Wakkanai Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCW WKJ Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 45°24′15″N 141°48′03″E
Yamaguchi Ube Airport Ube Yamaguchi Honshu RJDC UBJ Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 33°55′48″N 131°16′43″E
Yao Airport Yao Osaka Honshu RJOY Second-class 34°35′48″N 135°36′02″E
Yamagata Airport Higashine Yamagata Honshu RJSC GAJ Second-class Airport has scheduled airline services 38°24′43″N 140°22′16″E
Aguni Airport Aguni Okinawa Aguni RORA AGJ Third-class 26°35′34″N 127°14′25″E
Amami Airport Amami Kagoshima Amami Ōshima RJKA ASJ Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 28°25′51″N 129°42′45″E
Aomori Airport Aomori Aomori Honshu RJSA AOJ Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 40°44′00″N 140°41′19″E
Fukue Airport Gotō Nagasaki Fukue RJFE FUJ Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 32°39′58″N 128°49′58″E
Fukui Airport Sakai Fukui Honshu RJNF FKJ Third-class 36°08′34″N 136°13′26″E
Fukushima Airport Tamakawa Fukushima Honshu RJSF FKS Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 37°13′39″N 140°25′41″E
Hachijojima Airport Hachijō Tokyo Hachijōjima RJTH HAC Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 33°06′54″N 139°47′09″E
Hanamaki Airport Hanamaki Iwate Honshu RJSI HNA Third-class Also known as Moriota Hanamaki Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
39°25′43″N 141°08′07″E
Hateruma Airport Taketomi Okinawa Hateruma RORH HTR Third-class 24°03′30″N 123°48′14″E
Iejima Airport Ie Okinawa Iejima RORE IEJ Third-class 26°43′21″N 127°47′13″E
Iki Airport Iki Nagasaki Iki RJDB IKI Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 33°44′57″N 129°47′09″E
New Ishigaki Airport Ishigaki Okinawa Ishigaki ROIG ISG Third-class Also known as Painushima Ishigaki Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
24°23′47″N 124°14′42″E
Iwami Airport Masuda Shimane Honshu RJOW IWJ Third-class Also known as Hagi-Iwami Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
34°40′35″N 131°47′25″E
Izumo Airport Izumo Shimane Honshu RJOC IZO Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 35°24′49″N 132°53′24″E
Kamigoto Airport Shin-Kamigotō Nagasaki Kyushu RJDK Third-class 33°00′49″N 129°11′33″E
Kerama Airport Zamami Okinawa Fukaji ROKR KJP Third-class 26°10′06″N 127°17′36″E
Kikai Airport Kikai Kagoshima Kikaijima RJKI KKX Third-class Also known as Kikaiga Shima Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
28°19′17″N 129°55′41″E
Kitadaito Airport Kitadaitō Okinawa Kitadaitōjima RORK KTD Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 25°56′41″N 131°19′37″E
Kobe Airport Kobe Hyōgo Honshu RJBE UKB Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 34°37′58″N 135°13′26″E
Kōzushima Airport Kōzushima Tokyo Kōzushima RJAZ Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 34°11′22″N 139°08′01″E
Kumejima Airport Kumejima Okinawa Kume ROKJ UEO Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 26°21′49″N 126°42′50″E
Matsumoto Airport Matsumoto Nagano Honshu RJAF MMJ Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 36°10′00″N 137°55′22″E
Memanbetsu Airport Ōzora Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCM MMB Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 43°52′50″N 144°09′51″E
Minamidaito Airport Minamidaitō Okinawa Minamidaitōjima ROMD MMD Third-class Also known as New Minamidaito Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
25°50′48″N 131°15′49″E
Miyakejima Airport Miyake Tokyo Miyakejima RJTQ MYE Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 34°04′25″N 139°33′37″E
Miyako Airport Miyakojima Okinawa Miyakojima ROMY MMY Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 24°46′58″N 125°17′42″E
Monbetsu Airport Monbetsu Hokkaido Hokkaido RJEB MBE Third-class Also known as Okhotsk-Monbetsu Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
44°18′15″N 143°24′15″E
Nemuro Nakashibetsu Airport Nakashibetsu Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCN SHB Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 43°34′39″N 144°57′36″E
Nanki–Shirahama Airport Shirahama Wakayama Honshu RJBD SHM Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 33°39′44″N 135°21′52″E
Niijima Airport Niijima Tokyo Niijima RJAN Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 34°22′01″N 139°16′07″E
Noto Airport Wajima Ishikawa Honshu RJNW NTQ Third-class Also known as Noto Satoyama Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
37°17′36″N 136°57′44″E
Odate–Noshiro Airport Kitaakita Akita Honshu RJSR ONJ Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 40°11′31″N 140°22′18″E
Ojika Airport Ojika Nagasaki Ojika RJDO Third-class Also known as Nagasaki Ojika Airport 33°11′27″N 129°05′25″E
Okayama Airport Okayama Okayama Honshu RJOB OKJ Third-class Also known as Okayama Momotaro Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
34°45′25″N 133°51′19″E
Oki Airport Okinoshima Shimane Dōgojima RJNO OKI Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 36°10′42″N 133°19′24″E
Okinoerabu Airport Wadomari Kagoshima Okinoerabujima RJKB OKE Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 27°25′54″N 128°42′20″E
Okushiri Airport Okushiri Hokkaido Okushiri RJEO OIR Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 42°04′18″N 139°25′58″E
Oshima Airport Ōshima Tokyo Izu Ōshima RJTO OIM Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 34°46′55″N 139°21′37″E
Rebun Airport (closed) Rebun Hokkaido Rebun RJCR RBJ Third-class 45°27′18″N 141°02′21″E
Rishiri Airport Rishirifuji Hokkaido Rishiri RJER RIS Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 45°14′31″N 141°11′15″E
Sado Airport Sado Niigata Sado RJSD SDS Third-class 38°03′40″N 138°24′51″E
Saga Airport Saga Saga Kyushu RJFS HSG Third-class Also known as Kyushu Saga International Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
33°08′59″N 130°18′08″E
Shizuoka Airport Makinohara / Shimada Shizuoka Honshu RJNS FSZ Third-class Also known as Mt. Fuji Shizuoka Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
34°47′46″N 138°11′22″E
Shimojishima Airport Miyakojima Okinawa Shimojishima RORS SHI Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 24°49′36″N 125°08′41″E
Shonai Airport Sakata Yamagata Honshu RJSY SYO Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 38°48′44″N 139°47′14″E
New Tanegashima Airport Nakatane Kagoshima Tanegashima RJFG TNE Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 30°36′18″N 130°59′30″E
Tarama Airport Tarama Okinawa Tarama RORT TRA Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 24°39′14″N 124°40′31″E
Tokunoshima Airport Tokunoshima Kagoshima Tokunoshima RJKN TKN Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 27°50′11″N 128°52′53″E
Tottori Airport Tottori Tottori Honshu RJOR TTJ Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 35°31′48″N 134°09′45″E
Toyama Airport Toyama Toyama Honshu RJNT TOY Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 36°38′54″N 137°11′15″E
Tsushima Airport Tsushima Nagasaki Tsushima RJDT TSJ Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 34°17′06″N 129°19′50″E
Yakushima Airport Yakushima Kagoshima Yakushima RJFC KUM Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 30°23′08″N 130°39′33″E
Yonaguni Airport Yonaguni Okinawa Yonaguni ROYN OGN Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 24°28′03″N 122°58′47″E
Yoron Airport Yoron Kagoshima Yoronjima RORY RNJ Third-class Airport has scheduled airline services 27°02′38″N 128°24′06″E
Amakusa Airfield Amakusa Kumamoto Kyushu RJDA AXJ Other Airport has scheduled airline services 32°28′56″N 130°09′32″E
Chōfu Airport Chōfu Tokyo Honshu RJTF Other Airport has scheduled airline services 35°40′18″N 139°31′41″E
Hiroshima–Nishi Airport Hiroshima Hiroshima Honshu RJBH HIW Other 34°22′01″N 132°24′50″E
Honda Airport Okegawa Saitama Honshu Other Private airport
Also known as Okegawa Airport
35°58′21″N 139°31′42″E
Komatsu Airport Komatsu Ishikawa Honshu RJNK KMQ Other Airport has scheduled airline services 36°23′38″N 136°24′27″E
Kōnan Airport Okayama Okayama Honshu RJBK Other Also known as Kounan Airport 34°35′29″N 133°56′00″E
Makurazaki Airfield Makurazaki Kagoshima Kyushu Other 31°15′45″N 130°21′31″E
Miho-Yonago Airport Yonago Tottori Honshu RJOH YGJ Other Airport has scheduled airline services 35°29′32″N 133°14′11″E
Minami Torishima Airport Ogasawara Tokyo Minami-Tori-shima RJAM MUS Other 24°17′23″N 153°58′45″E
Misawa Airport / Misawa Air Base Misawa Aomori Honshu RJSM MSJ Other Combined civil airport and USAF base
Airport has scheduled airline services
40°42′19″N 141°22′19″E
Nagoya Airfield Nagoya Aichi Honshu RJNA NKM Other Combined civil airport and JASDF base
Also known as Komaki Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
35°15′18″N 136°55′28″E
Oitakenou Airport Bungo-Ōno Ōita Kyushu ROIT Other 33°1′34″N 131°30′20″E
Okadama Airport Sapporo Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCO OKD Other Also known as Sapporo Okadama Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
43°07′03″N 141°22′53″E
Tajima Airport Toyooka Hyōgo Honshu RJBT TJH Other Airport has scheduled airline services 35°30′46″N 134°47′13″E
Tokushima Awaodori Airport Matsushige Tokushima Shikoku RJOS TKS Other Airport has scheduled airline services 34°07′58″N 134°36′24″E
Asahikawa Air Field Asahikawa Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCA Military JGSDF base 43°47′40″N 142°21′54″E
Ashiya Air Field Ashiya Fukuoka Kyushu RJFA Military JASDF base 33°52′53″N 130°39′06″E
Chitose Air Base Chitose Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCJ Military JASDF base 42°47′40″N 141°39′59″E
Gifu Air Field Gifu Gifu Honshu RJNG Military JASDF base 35°23′40″N 136°52′10″E
NAF Atsugi Ayase Kanagawa Honshu RJTA NJA Military Shared US Navy / JMSDF base 35°27′17″N 139°27′00″E
Yokota Air Base Fussa Tokyo Honshu RJTY OKO Military US Air Force base 35°44′55″N 139°20′55″E
MCAS Futenma Ginowan Okinawa Okinawa ROTM Military US Marine Corps base 26°16′15″N 127°44′53″E
Hachinohe Air Base Hachinohe Aomori Honshu RJSH Military JMSDF base 40°33′07″N 141°28′02″E
Hamamatsu Air Base Hamamatsu Shizuoka Honshu RJNH Military JASDF base 34°45′01″N 137°42′11″E
Hōfu Air Field Hōfu Yamaguchi Honshu RJOF Military JASDF base 34°02′04″N 131°32′47″E
Iruma Air Base Iruma Saitama Honshu RJTJ Military JASDF base 35°50′31″N 139°24′38″E
Akeno Air Field Ise Mie Honshu RJOE Military JGSDF base 34°32′00″N 136°40′20″E
MCAS Iwakuni Iwakuni Yamaguchi Honshu RJOI IWK Military US Marine Corps base
Civil airport known as Iwakuni Kintaikyo Airport
Airport has scheduled airline services
34°08′38″N 132°14′08″E
Metabaru Air Field Kamimine Saga Kyushu RJDM Military JGSDF base 33°19′31″N 130°24′49″E
Kanoya Air Field Kanoya Kagoshima Kyushu RJFY Military JMSDF base 31°22′05″N 130°50′17″E
Kasaoka Airfield Kasaoka Okayama Honshu Military 34°28′33″N 133°29′20″E
Kasumigaura Air Field Kasumigaura Ibaraki Honshu RJAK Military JGSDF base 36°02′05″N 140°11′34″E
Kisarazu Air Field Kisarazu Chiba Honshu RJTK Military JGSDF base 35°23′42″N 139°54′47″E
Matsushima Air Field Matsushima Miyagi Honshu RJST Military JASDF base 38°24′11″N 141°12′43″E
JMSDF Ōminato Base Mutsu Aomori Honshu RJSO Military JMSDF base 41°13′58″N 141°07′56″E
Tokachi Airfield Obihiro Hokkaido Hokkaido RJCT Military JGSF base
Formerly Obihiro Airport, renamed on opening of Tokachi-Obihiro Airport[4]
42°53′25″N 143°09′30″E
Central Field Ogasawara Tokyo Iwo Jima RJAW IWO Military Also known as Iwo Jima Air Base
JMSDF base
24°47′03″N 141°19′21″E
Kadena Air Base Okinawa Okinawa Okinawa RODN DNA Military USAF base 26°21′06″N 127°46′10″E
Ibaraki Airport Omitama Ibaraki Honshu RJAH IBR Military Also known as Hyakuri Airfield
JASDF base
Airport has scheduled airline services
36°10′54″N 140°24′53″E
Kasuminome Air Field Sendai Miyagi Honshu RJSU Military JGSDF base 38°14′08″N 140°55′23″E
Shimofusa Air Base Narita Chiba Honshu RJTL Military JMSDF base 35°47′56″N 140°00′44″E
Ozuki Air Field Shimonoseki Yamaguchi Honshu RJOZ Military JMSDF base 34°02′49″N 131°03′08″E
Nyutabaru Air Base Shintomi Miyazaki Kyushu RJFN Military JASDF base 32°05′01″N 131°27′05″E
Tachikawa Airfield Tachikawa Tokyo Honshu RJTC Military 35°42′39″N 139°24′11″E
Tateyama Air Field Tateyama Chiba Honshu RJTE Military JMSDF base 34°59′15″N 139°49′55″E
Tsuiki Air Field Chikujō Fukuoka Kyushu RJFZ Military JASDF base 33°41′06″N 131°02′25″E
Utsunomiya Air Field Utsunomiya Tochigi Honshu RJTU Military JGSDF base 36°30′52″N 139°52′15″E
Shizuhama Air Base Yaizu Shizuoka Honshu RJNY Military JASDF base 34°48′46″N 138°17′53″E
Ishigaki Airport Ishigaki Okinawa Ishigaki ROIG ISG Closed Airport codes were reassigned, now used by New Ishigaki Airport 24°20′41″N 124°11′13″E
Kokura Airport Kitakyushu Fukuoka Kyushu RJFR KKJ Closed Airport codes were reassigned, now used by Kitakyushu Airport 33°50′11″N 130°56′49″E
Kizugawa Airport Osaka Osaka Honshu Closed Osaka's first airport began as seaplane base around 1923 and became a full airport in 1929.[5] At the peak in 1938 handled 8,800 departures and arrivals and 10,000 passengers.[6] Closed in 1938 when Itami Airport opened. Now airfield is in Funamachi industrial area and site of airport is simply marked with brief acknowledgement the former airfield in a park located under the ramps connected to Shin Kizugawa Bridge.[7] 34°37′44.30″N 135°27′49.92″E
Teshikaga Airfield Teshikaga Hokkaido Hokkaido Closed 43°28′45″N 144°26′9″E
Yokosuka Naval Airfield Yokosuka Kanagawa Honshu Closed 35°19′27″N 139°38′53″E

Heliports

Heliport name City served Prefecture Island ICAO Operator Pad data Coordinates
Komatsushima Heliport Komatsushima Tokushima Shikoku RJOP JMSDF 85 ft (26 m) AMSL, 250 m × 45 m (820 ft × 148 ft), asphalt concrete 34°00′19″N 134°37′35″E
Tokyo Heliport Kōtō Tokyo Honshu RJTI Tokyo Metropolitan Government 16 ft (5 m) AMSL, 90 m × 30 m (295 ft × 98 ft), asphalt concrete 35°38′10″N 139°50′22″E
Soumagahara Heliport Maebashi Gunma Honshu RJTS JSDF-G 1,306 ft (398 m) AMSL, 500 m × 30 m (1,640 ft × 98 ft), asphalt concrete 36°26′05″N 138°57′11″E
Maizuru Heliport Maizuru Kyoto Honshu RJBM JMSDF 19 ft (6 m) AMSL, 400 m × 45 m (1,312 ft × 148 ft), asphalt concrete 35°29′25″N 135°22′38″E
Camp Zama Kastner Army Heliport Zama Kanagawa Honshu RJTR US Army 367 ft (112 m) AMSL, 457 m × 16 m (1,499 ft × 52 ft), asphalt 35°30′49″N 139°23′37″E

See also

References

  • Civil Aviation Bureau: Airports in Japan (map with English text)
  • "ICAO Location Indicators by State" (PDF). International Civil Aviation Organization. 2006-01-12.
  • "UN Location Codes: Japan". UN/LOCODE 2009-1. UNECE. 2009-09-23. - includes IATA codes
  • Great Circle Mapper: Airports in Japan - IATA and ICAO codes, coordinates
  • World Aero Data: Airports in Japan - ICAO codes, coordinates

Footnotes

  1. Aoki, Mizuho, "Bubble era's aviation legacy: Too many airports, all ailing", Japan Times, 7 February 2012, p. 3.
  2. Isaku Shibata, "Japanese Laws Related to Airport Development and the Need to Revise Them," Journal of Air Law and Commerce vol. 65 (winter 1999), p. 125.
  3. "航空:空港一覧 - 国土交通省".
  4. Japanese AIP at AIS Japan Archived 2016-05-17 at the Portuguese Web Archive
  5. Black, John Andrew (18 March 2022). A Short History of Transport in Japan from Ancient Times to the Present. Open Book Publishers. ISBN 9781800643598.
  6. Black, John Andrew (2022). A Short History of Transport in Japan from Ancient Times to the Present. doi:10.11647/obp.0281. ISBN 978-1-80064-356-7. S2CID 247534031.
  7. "Panoramio - Photo of 木津川飛行場跡 Ex-Kizugawa airport monument". Archived from the original on 2016-10-25.
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