SS Fizik Kurchatov
SS Fizik Kurchatov (Russian: Физик Курчатов) was a Leninsky Komsomol-class multi-purpose tweendecker freighter owned by the Soviet Black Sea Shipping Company. She was powered by steam turbine engines.[5] The ship was named after Soviet physicist Igor Kurchatov (1903–1960).
 The Fizik Kurchatov loading missiles in Casilda port. The photo was taken by an RF-101 pilot with the 363rd Tactical Reconnaissance Wing on 6 November 1962. Note the aircraft's shadow. | |
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name | |
| Namesake | Igor Kurchatov |
| Owner | June 1962 – 30 April 1986:  Black Sea Shipping Company,  Soviet Union |
| Operator | June 1962 – 30 April 1986: Black Sea Shipping Company, USS |
| Port of registry |
|
| Builder | Kherson Shipyard |
| Renamed | Kurchat (home port George Town, Cayman Islands[3][1] |
| Identification | IMO number: 5404093 |
| Fate | Scrapped at Kaohsiung, China in August 1986[3][1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | freighter, tweendecker |
| Tonnage | |
| Length | 557.7 ft (170.0 m)[4] |
| Beam | 72.2 ft (22.0 m) |
| Propulsion | Two steam turbine engines driving a single 6.3 m (21 ft) screw propeller |
| Speed | 18.5 knots (34.3 km/h; 21.3 mph)[4] |
| Capacity | |
Fizik Kurchatov was one of the Soviet ships which participated in Operation Anadyr, as one of nine Soviet ships which returned missiles to the USSR after the Cuban Missile Crisis, and also took part in the 1973 Arab–Israeli War.
History
The Fizik Kurchatov's keel was laid down at the Kherson Shipyard on 20 March 1961. By that time, the shipyard had built seven of her sister ships.[4] The ship was completed in June 1962[1] and transferred to the Black Sea Shipping Company on 30 June of that year.[1]
Operation Anadyr
The maiden voyage of the ship was from Nikolayev port to Cuba. The ship loaded cargo in Mykolaiv port. Her cargo was an air defense battalion and its equipment. After unloading in Cuba, the Fizik Kurchatov loaded sugar and returned to the USSR in June 1962.[6][7] Other sources say that the ship was built in May and delivered to the Black Sea Shipping Company after this voyage.
Some sources say that the Fizik Kurchatov's maiden voyage began before 25 July, when 1,131 tons of general cargo and trucks were loaded on her main deck. Although she sailed from Odessa with Ghana her declared destination, she arrived in Cuba on 7 August.[8]
Her second voyage reportedly began in September 1962, when she loaded 9,500 tons of general cargo (including portions of a missile division) and sailed from Odesa. Oran, an Algerian port, was declared her destination but she arrived in Cuba.[8]
Cuban Missile Crisis
On 23 October 1962, she was still in Cuba.[9]
The Fizik Kurchatov left Cuba on 7 November 1962, and was photographed by U.S. reconnaissance planes during her return to the Soviet Union. She returned six canvas-covered missiles, which had been aimed at the United States, to the USSR on her open main deck.[10]
1973 Arab–Israeli War
The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War and the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, was fought by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel from 6 to 25 October 1973. At least twenty-three Soviet merchant ships carried military cargoes to Syria and Egypt in October and November 1973, including eight Leninsky Komsomol-class cargo ships; the Fizik Kurchatov among them. According to U.S. intelligence, the Fizik Kurchatov made three voyages from Soviet Black Sea ports to Syria and Egypt between October and November 1973:
- Transited the Bosphorus on 9 October and arrived in Alexandria three days later, on 12 October 1973.
- Sailed from the USSR to Syria, transiting the Bosphorus on 23 October and arriving in Latakia two days later, on 25 October.
- Transited the Bosphorus on 10 November and arrived in Alexandria on 13 November 1973.[11]
Ethiopian cargo
The Fizik Kurchatov delivered P-205 and P-206, two Zhuk-class patrol boats, to Ethiopia in October 1982 when the Soviet Union supplied the African country's new fleet.[12]
Fate
The Fizik Kurchatov was renamed the Kurchat and her home port became George Town, Cayman Islands on 30 April 1986. She was scrapped in Kaohsiung, China in August of that year.
References
- Водный транспорт >> Kurchat
- Marine Traffic >> KURCHAT, general cargo.
- SHIPSPOTTING.com >> FIZIK KURCHATOV - IMO 5404093
- Мой город - Херсон. >> Леонид Коршун и его корабли.
- Проект 567, 567К, тип Ленинский комсомол.
- ГБУ КО «Редакция газеты «Весть» (2011-10-29). "Остров Свободы в его судьбе".
- Виктор Хмель. "Херсонцы в операции "Анадырь"".
- Розин Александр. "СССР в строительстве ВМС Кубы. Chapter 8: Советские суда участвовавшие в переброске войск в ходе операции "Анадырь"".
- The Fourteenth Day: JFK and the Aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis. By David Coleman. W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. >> Soviet Ships: October 23
- gettyimages >> best of news
- Розин Александр. "Советский флот в войнах и конфликтах "холодной войны". Это - персональная страница Александра Розина >> Война "Судного дня" 1973 г. Противостояние флотов СССР и США на море. Chapter 9: Корабли эскадры конвоируют транспорты".
- 8-я оперативная эскадра кораблей (хроника создания в зоне Индийского океана 8-й оперативной эскадры кораблей ВМФ) 1967–1992 гг. >> СССР создает новый флот Эфиопии.