Flambeau 400

The Flambeau 400 was a streamlined passenger train operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway between Chicago, Illinois, and Ashland, Wisconsin on Lake Superior, via Green Bay, Wisconsin. It was originally a special service in the summer time.

Flambeau
Flambeau 400
A C&NW EMD F-7(A) number 4087-A, and its train of five Bi-Level, gallery cars, are at the Green Bay C&NW station in August 1969.
Overview
Service typeInter-city rail
StatusDiscontinued
LocaleIllinois, Wisconsin, Michigan
First service
  • Flambeau: June 21, 1935 (1935-06-21)
  • Flambeau 400: May 26, 1950 (1950-05-26)
Last serviceMay 1, 1971 (1971-05-01)
Former operator(s)Chicago and North Western Railway
Route
TerminiNorth Western Terminal
Chicago, Illinois
Distance travelled452 miles (727 km)
Train number(s)153, 216
Technical
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Operating speedMax 90 mph, between Chicago and Green Bay, average speed 50 mph

History

Beginning in 1935, the Flambeau transported the new American middle class to its new leisure time in the North Woods of Wisconsin. The Flambeau operated over basically the same route as later trains did except for bypassing Green Bay to run via Hortonville and Eland. By 1937 the route changed to operate via Green Bay. In July 1949 the Flambeau was integrated with the Shoreland 400 and the Valley 400, running as one train between Chicago and Green Bay and as separate trains beyond Green Bay. Northbound trains ran via Fond du Lac and southbound trains via Manitowoc.

In 1950 the train received a new name, Flambeau 400, in reference to the C&NW's popular Twin Cities 400, named for making the approximately 400 mile run from Chicago to Minneapolis, Minnesota in 400 minutes, and Flambeau, the French word for a torch.[1]: 148 [2]: 40  In 1958 the Flambeau 400 and Peninsula 400 received bilevel equipment.[2]: 42  Serving the north woods of Wisconsin, it saw heavy tourist traffic, but by May 1968, it was losing thousands of dollars for the Northwestern. In 1969 the Flambeau became an unnamed Chicago-Green Bay train with seasonal service to Ashland.

The last Flambeau 400 rolled out of the North Woods on January 5, 1971. Amtrak did not include Green Bay and Ashland in its initial route structure.[3]

Equipment

The consist varied over the years and by seasonal demand. The number of cars varied between ten and two. Trains may have had a coach-lounge instead of a diner, and some trains had neither. The train used heavyweight 56-seat single level coaches until the arrival of new gallery cars in 1958. The otherwise bi-level train featured a single-level dining car (which operated Chicago-Green Bay) with a false roof to match the gallery cars. The motive power in the early years by class R-1 Ten-wheelers on the Watersmeet branch, and class E-2-a Pacifics everywhere else. By the later 40s or early 50s E8s and F7s took over. Two units usually ran as far as Green Bay, where one would lay over with the dining car for the return trip.

References
  1. Schafer, Mike; Welsh, Joe (2002). Streamliners: History of a Railroad Icon. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0-7603-1371-7. OCLC 51069308.
  2. Schafer, Mike (1996). Classic American Railroads. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 978-0-7603-0239-2. OCLC 768619768.
  3. Craig Sanders (September 16, 1996). "Routes and Trains on the Eve of Amtrak". Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
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