France–United Kingdom border

1. 50°07′29″N 00°30′00″W (point A)
2. 50°08′27″N 01°00′00″W (point B)
3. 50°09′15″N 01°30′00″W (point C)
4. 50°09′14″N 02°03′26″W (point D)
5. 49°57′50″N 02°48′24″W (point D1)
6. 49°46′30″N 02°56′30″W (point D2)
7. 49°38′30″N 03°21′00″W (point D3)
8. 49°33′12″N 03°34′50″W (point D4)
9. 49°32′42″N 03°42′44″W (point E)
10. 49°32′08″N 03°55′47″W (point F)
11. 49°27′40″N 04°17′54″W (point F1)
12. 49°27′23″N 04°21′46″W (point G)
13. 49°23′14″N 04°32′39″W (point H)
14. 49°14′28″N 05°11′00″W (point I)
15. 49°13′22″N 05°18′00″W (point J)
16. 49°13′00″N 05°20′40″W (point K)
17. 49°12′10″N 05°40′30″W (point L)
18. 49°12′00″N 05°41′30″W (point M)
19. 48°06′00″N 09°36′30″W (point N)

In 2003, France signed an agreement with the United Kingdom to introduce 'juxtaposed controls' (in French, des bureaux de contrôles nationaux juxtaposés, or 'BCNJ') at Dover on the British side and at Calais, Dunkerque and Boulogne-sur-Mer on the French side.

This means that, when travelling from Dover to France by ferry, French immigration checks are carried out by the Police aux Frontières on British soil before boarding the ferry, whilst French customs checks take place upon arrival on French soil.

The Port of Calais

When travelling in the reverse direction from Calais, Dunkerque and Boulogne-sur-Mer in France to the UK by ferry, French immigration exit checks and British immigration checks both take place on French soil before boarding the ferry, whilst British customs checks take place upon arrival on British soil.

General Wolseley riding on the fleeing lion. Published in the American humour magazine Puck (approx. 1885). It depicts fears of a Channel Tunnel

Channel Tunnel course

Channel Tunnel
High Speed 1 to Ashford International South Eastern Main Line to Ashford International Dollands Moor Level Crossing DC┇AC changeover Dollands Moor Freight Yard Balancing Ponds Viaduct ( 120 m 131 yd ) Grange Alders Viaduct ( 526 m 575 yd ) Dover Line Viaduct ( 116 m 127 yd ) South Eastern Main Line to Dover Priory M20 motorway Viaduct ( 309 m 338 yd ) High Speed 1 / Network Rail Getlink -1.659 km -1.031 mi Cheriton Cut-and-Cover Tunnel ( 1010 m 1105 yd ) Folkestone Shuttle Terminal -4.436 km -2.756 mi Folkestone Shuttle Sidings Cheriton Junction Service Road Castle Hill Tunnel Portal 0 km 0 mi UK Crossovers 0.478 km 0.297 mi Holywell Cut-and-Cover Tunnel 0.882 km 0.548 mi Shakespeare Cliff Shaft (Adits A1 & A2) English Channel UK Undersea Crossover 17.062 km 10.602 mi United Kingdom France 26.988 km 16.77 mi French Undersea Crossover 34.688 km 21.554 mi Manche Sangatte Shaft Beussingues Tunnel Portal 50.459 km 31.354 mi Beussingues Trench French Crossover Service Road A16 autoroute LGV Nord to Calais-Fréthun & Lille Europe SNCF┇Getlink Fréthun Freight Yard Coquelles Eurotunnel Depot Lille–Fontinettes railway to Les Fontinettes Calais Shuttle Terminal 57.795 km 35.912 mi
Distances from Castle Hill Tunnel Portal Distances to terminals measured around terminal loops

The Treaty of Canterbury (French: Traité de Cantorbéry) was signed by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Foreign Secretary Sir Geoffrey Howe, French President François Mitterrand and Minister of Foreign Affairs Roland Dumas on 12 February 1986, and is the original document providing for the undersea tunnel between the two countries.[2]

The Treaty of Canterbury (1986) is significant and unusual because it is a modern and recent modification to the national borders of the UK and France.

The Anglo-French Treaty on the Channel Tunnel was signed by both governments in Canterbury Cathedral. The treaty prepared the concession for the construction and operation of the fixed link by privately owned companies. It outlines the methods to be used for arbitration in the event of a dispute. It sets up the Intergovernmental Commission (IGC) which is responsible for monitoring all matters associated with the construction and operation of the tunnel on behalf of the British and French governments, together with a Safety Authority to advise the IGC.

It draws a land frontier between the two countries in the middle of the Channel tunnel – the first of its kind.[3][4][5]

In the 1991 Sangatte Protocol, France signed an agreement with the United Kingdom to introduce 'juxtaposed controls' (in French, des bureaux de contrôles nationaux juxtaposés, or 'BCNJ') at Eurostar and Eurotunnel stations on immigration and customs, where investigations happen before travel. France is part of the Schengen Agreement, which has largely abolished border checks between member nations, but the United Kingdom is not.

These juxtaposed controls mean that passports are checked before boarding first by officials belonging to departing country and then officials of the destination country. These are placed only at the main Eurostar stations: French officials currently only operate at London St Pancras but have previously operated at Ebbsfleet International and Ashford International, while British officials currently only operate at Lille-Europe and Paris-Gare du Nord but have previously operated at Calais-Fréthun. There are security checks before boarding as well. For the shuttle road-vehicle trains, there are juxtaposed passport controls before boarding the trains.

There is significant public concern about illegal immigrants coming on small boats from France English Channel migrant crisis. Since 2018, The English Channel has seen a major increase in number of crossing.

Arrivals by month each year on small boats via the English Channel

• Georges Labrecque, « Les îles de l'Atlantique comme circonstances pertinentes à la délimitation des frontières maritimes », Norois, vol. 45, no 180 « L'Atlantique et les géographes », October–December 1998, p. 653–665 (DOI 10.3406/noroi.1998.6905), §1 « La frontière France/Royaume-Uni », p. 654–658.

• English Channel migrant crossings (2018–present)
• Calais border barrier
• France–United Kingdom relations

• France-UK Border Research: A library of research and primary sources regarding the situation for displaced people at the France-UK border