Franklin County, Tennessee

Franklin County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located on the eastern boundary of Middle Tennessee in the southern part of the state. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,774.[1] Its county seat is Winchester.[2] Franklin County is part of the Tullahoma-Manchester, TN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Not to be confused with Franklin, Tennessee.

Franklin County
County
Franklin County Courthouse in Winchester
Franklin County Courthouse in Winchester
Map of Tennessee highlighting Franklin County
Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee
Map of the United States highlighting Tennessee
Tennessee's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 35°09′N 86°06′W
Country United States
State Tennessee
Founded1807
Named forBenjamin Franklin
SeatWinchester
Largest cityWinchester
Area
 • Total576 sq mi (1,490 km2)
 • Land555 sq mi (1,440 km2)
 • Water21 sq mi (50 km2)  3.7%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total42,774 Increase
 • Density74/sq mi (29/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district4th
Websitefranklincotn.us

History

White settlement began around 1800, and the county was formally organized in 1807 and named for Benjamin Franklin.[3][4] During the next several decades, the size of the county was reduced several times by reorganizations which created the neighboring counties of Coffee County, Moore County, and Grundy County. One of the most notable early settlers was frontiersman Davy Crockett, who came about 1812 but is not thought to have remained long.[3]

The University of the South, founded by the Episcopal Church, was organized just before the Civil War. It began full operations shortly after hostilities ceased. It encompasses a full university and theological seminary. The University of Tennessee Space Institute is also located in the county.

The area became strongly secessionist before the war. Franklin County formally threatened to secede from Tennessee and join Alabama if Tennessee did not leave the union, which the state did when forced to take sides by Abraham Lincoln.[3] This contrasted sharply with the situation in not distant Winston County, Alabama, which was largely pro-Union and provided more volunteers for the Union than the Confederacy.

During 1863, the Army of Tennessee retreated through the county, leaving it more or less under Union control for the rest of the war, although some guerrilla warfare still took place. Isham G. Harris, the Confederate governor of Tennessee, was from Franklin County. After having his political rights restored after the war, he was chosen to represent the state in the United States Senate.

During the temperance (anti-liquor) agitations of the late 19th century, residents discovered that by a quirk of state law, liquor could be sold only in incorporated towns. As a result, all of the county's towns abolished their charters in order to prohibit the sale of alcohol.[3]

In the 20th century, Franklin County benefited from the flood control and power generation activities of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), built by the President Franklin D. Roosevelt administration during the Great Depression. The TVA helped bring new industry to the area. It also created opportunities for water recreation by making new lakes, but at the same time also displaced many county residents from their soon to be submerged homes. The establishment of the federal Arnold Engineering Development Center, which is partly within the county, helped spur economic growth and technical development. The interstate highway system barely touched the county, but it did provide valuable access on Interstate 24 to nearby Chattanooga.

Two notable figures who were born in the county early in the twentieth century were singer/entertainer Dinah Shore and entrepreneur/philanthropist John Templeton. He later became a British subject and was awarded a knighthood.

During the last decades of the 19th and the first of the 20th, Tennessee, like other southern states, passed laws and constitutional amendments establishing Jim Crow: racial segregation in public facilities, restrictions of voting for blacks, and similar measures. There were few violent disturbances in Franklin County compared to many other localities, but it was not until a decade after the historic Brown v. Board of Education court decision that the county's schools were desegregated in 1964 when a lawsuit was won in Sewanee, Tennessee.

Considerable industrial growth occurred in the county in the last decades of the 20th century, including the construction of a large automobile engine plant by the Nissan corporation in Decherd. An emphasis on tourism also developed, based on Civil War history and local scenic attractions such as the dogwood forests, for which an annual festival is held.

Geography
US 41A approaching the Cumberland Plateau near Cowan
Lost Cove Cave
Tims Ford Lake

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 576 square miles (1,490 km2), of which 555 square miles (1,440 km2) is land and 21 square miles (54 km2) (3.7%) is water.[5]

Franklin is one of Tennessee's southern tier of counties and abuts the Alabama border. It has a varied geography, extending from the southeast corner of the Nashville Basin over the Highland Rim and up onto the Cumberland Plateau, for a difference in elevation of about 1,300 feet (400 m). The county is well watered and forested, and except for the steeper areas of the plateau is well suited for agriculture, having a long growing season and mild winters.

Sewanee Natural Bridge is a 25 feet (7.6 m) high natural sandstone arch with a span of 50 feet (15 m).

Lost Cove Cave, located near Sherwood, is in the Carter State Natural Area. One of its entrances is known as the Buggytop Cave Entrance and another entrance is known as the Peter Cave Entrance. The Buggytop Entrance is 100 feet (30 m) wide and 80 feet (24 m) high and opens at the base of an overhanging bluff 150 feet (46 m) high. The cave stream cascades down from the mouth and drops 40 feet (12 m) in less than 100 yards (91 m).[6]

Adjacent counties

State protected areas
  • Bear Hollow Wildlife Management Area
  • Carter State Natural Area
  • Franklin State Forest (part)
  • Hawkins Cove State Natural Area
  • Mingo Swamp Wildlife Management Area
  • Natural Bridge State Natural Area
  • Owl Hollow Mill Wildlife Management Area
  • South Cumberland State Park (part)
  • Tims Ford State Park
  • Walls of Jericho State Natural Area

Other protected areas

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18105,730—
182016,571189.2%
183015,620−5.7%
184012,033−23.0%
185013,76814.4%
186013,8480.6%
187014,9708.1%
188017,17814.7%
189018,92910.2%
190020,3927.7%
191020,4910.5%
192020,6410.7%
193021,7965.6%
194023,8929.6%
195025,4316.4%
196025,5280.4%
197027,2446.7%
198031,98317.4%
199034,7258.6%
200039,27013.1%
201041,0524.5%
202042,7744.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]
1790-1960[8] 1900-1990[9]
1990-2000[10] 2010-2014[11]
Age pyramid Franklin County[12]

2020 census
Franklin County racial composition[13]
Race Number Percentage
White (non-Hispanic) 36,864 86.18%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 1,962 4.59%
Native American 117 0.27%
Asian 348 0.81%
Pacific Islander 17 0.04%
Other/Mixed 1,964 4.59%
Hispanic or Latino 1,502 3.51%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 42,774 people, 16,326 households, and 11,197 families residing in the county.

2000 census

As of the census[14] of 2000, there were 39,270 people, 15,003 households, and 11,162 families residing in the county. The population density was 71 inhabitants per square mile (27/km2).

There were 16,813 housing units at an average density of 30 per square mile (12/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.20% White or European American, 5.49% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.41% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.60% from other races, and 1.06% from two or more races. 1.58% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.00% under the age of 18, 10.90% from 18 to 24, 26.40% from 25 to 44, 24.40% from 45 to 64, and 15.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $36,044, and the median income for a family was $42,279. Males had a median income of $31,506 versus $21,479 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,987. About 9.60% of families and 13.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.00% of those under age 18 and 13.00% of those age 65 or over.

Communities
Winchester

Cities

Towns

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

Notable people

Politics

Franklin County has become a Republican stronghold in recent years. The last Democrat to carry this county was Al Gore in 2000. Prior to 2004, the only Republican to win the county in a 20th-century presidential election was Richard Nixon in 1972.

United States presidential election results for Franklin County, Tennessee[17]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 13,987 73.11% 4,864 25.42% 281 1.47%
2016 11,532 70.30% 4,374 26.66% 498 3.04%
2012 10,262 63.66% 5,603 34.76% 254 1.58%
2008 10,539 60.46% 6,613 37.94% 280 1.61%
2004 9,129 53.46% 7,800 45.68% 148 0.87%
2000 6,560 44.65% 7,828 53.28% 303 2.06%
1996 5,296 39.58% 6,929 51.79% 1,154 8.63%
1992 4,507 31.79% 7,773 54.83% 1,896 13.37%
1988 5,381 49.43% 5,442 49.99% 63 0.58%
1984 5,705 49.09% 5,846 50.31% 70 0.60%
1980 3,995 36.02% 6,760 60.96% 335 3.02%
1976 2,619 27.50% 6,788 71.27% 117 1.23%
1972 4,136 57.51% 2,896 40.27% 160 2.22%
1968 1,700 18.62% 2,489 27.27% 4,939 54.11%
1964 2,262 27.28% 6,029 72.72% 0 0.00%
1960 2,041 28.59% 5,041 70.61% 57 0.80%
1956 1,727 26.19% 4,791 72.65% 77 1.17%
1952 2,015 29.48% 4,786 70.03% 33 0.48%
1948 589 13.20% 2,948 66.08% 924 20.71%
1944 600 13.12% 3,958 86.55% 15 0.33%
1940 569 11.63% 4,312 88.13% 12 0.25%
1936 519 12.76% 3,534 86.92% 13 0.32%
1932 360 10.54% 3,029 88.65% 28 0.82%
1928 928 35.26% 1,698 64.51% 6 0.23%
1924 707 24.92% 2,072 73.03% 58 2.04%
1920 1,558 30.77% 3,504 69.19% 2 0.04%
1916 711 21.98% 2,469 76.32% 55 1.70%
1912 370 13.51% 2,172 79.33% 196 7.16%

See also

References
  1. "Census - Geography Profile: Franklin County, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. John Abernathy Smith, "Franklin County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 28 June 2013.
  4. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 131.
  5. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  6. Barr, Thomas C. (1961). Caves of Tennessee. Bulletin 64 of the Tennessee Division of Geology. pp. 195–197.
  7. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  8. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  9. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  10. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  11. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
  12. Based on 2000 census data
  13. "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  14. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  15. Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1963.
  16. Hevesi, Dennis. "Jimmy Bedford, Guardian of Jack Daniel’s, Dies at 69", The New York Times, August 10, 2009. Accessed August 11, 2009.
  17. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
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