Gatineau

Gatineau (/ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ GAT-inn-ohh; French: [ɡatino]) is a city in south western Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, immediately across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region and is part of Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2021, Gatineau is the fourth-largest city in Quebec with a population of 291,041,[6][7] and a census metropolitan area population of 1,488,307 making it the fourth largest in Canada.[8][9][10]

This article is about the Canadian city. For other uses, see Gatineau (disambiguation).

Gatineau
Ville de Gatineau
City
Ville de Gatineau
Clockwise from top left: Canadian Museum of History, downtown, Ottawa River, Rue de l'Hôtel-de-Ville, and Macdonald-Cartier Bridge.
Flag of Gatineau
Flag
Coat of arms of Gatineau
Coat of arms
Official logo of Gatineau
Logo
Nickname: 
G-town
Motto(s): 
Fortunae meae, multorum faber[1] ("Maker of my fate and that of many others")
Location of Gatineau (red) with adjacent municipalities
Location of Gatineau (red) with adjacent municipalities
Gatineau is located in Quebec
Gatineau
Gatineau
Location of Gatineau in Quebec
Coordinates: 45°29′N 75°39′W[2]
CountryCanada
ProvinceQuebec
RegionOutaouais
RCMNone
Constituted1 January 2002
Government
[3]
 • TypeGatineau City Council
 • MayorFrance Bélisle
 • Federal ridingGatineau / Hull—Aylmer / Pontiac / Argenteuil—La Petite-Nation
 • Prov. ridingChapleau / Gatineau / Hull / Papineau / Pontiac
Area
[3][4]
 • City381.30 km2 (147.22 sq mi)
 • Land342.98 km2 (132.43 sq mi)
 • Metro
[5]
2,999.90 km2 (1,158.27 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[6]
 • City291,041
 • Density773.7/km2 (2,004/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,488,307
 • Metro density104.8/km2 (271/sq mi)
 • Pop 2011–2016
Increase 5.4%
 • Dwellings
125,608
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Postal code(s)
J8L, J8M, J8P, J8R, J8T, J8V, J8X to J8Z, J9A, J9H to J9J, various K1A (Government Offices)
Area codes819, 873
GDP Per CapitaCAD$ 38 079 (2018)
Websitewww.gatineau.ca

Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose geographical code is 81. It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull.[11]

Toponomy

There are two hypotheses to explain the origin of the city's name. It would be either of Indigenous origin or of French origin:

  1. The name of the river and the city would come from the Anishinaabemowin (language of the Algonquin Anishinaabeg) Tenagatino Zibi, according to the elders of Kitigan Zibi.[12]
  2. In his 1889 article published in the Echo de la Gatineau,[13] Benjamin Sulte wrote: "One hundred years ago, the Gatineau family was extinct, or thereabouts; it is hardly likely that we waited for its disappearance to consecrate the memory of the three or four fur traders it produced. The custom must have been established during the lifetime of these men, and because they traded in these places. Of the latter fact, for instance, I am not certain." In his own words, Sulte writes that he is creating a myth and that the story that the Gatineau family gave the river its name is a myth, invented by Sulte himself. According to Sulte, the name Gatineau comes from the Gastineau family - not Gatineau - one of its members, Nicolas Gastineau sieur Duplessis (1627-1689).[14][15]

The toponym Lettinoe, Gateno, Gatteno and Gatineau appears:

  • The name Lettinoe, in a report by a Lieutenant Jones in 1783;
  • The names Gateno, Gatteno, and Gatenoe in several documents and letters written by Philemon Wright, Colonel John By, and by surveyor Theodore Davis (1800 to 1831);
  • On the topographical description of the area in 1831 by Canadian surveyor Joseph Bouchette;
  • In a letter dated May 22, 1838 from Bishop Lartigue of Montreal to Bishop Patrick Phelan of Kingston;
  • On William Henderson's map of 1831;
  • On Thomas Devine's map in 1861.

History
Hull (Lower Canada) on the Ottawa River; at the Chaudier [sic] Falls, 1830, by Thomas Burrowes. Chaudière Falls and Bytown are visible in the background.

Prior to European settlement, the Gatineau area was inhabited by Anishinaabe peoples including the Algonquins. [16] The current city of Gatineau is centred on an area formerly called Hull. It is the oldest European colonial settlement in the National Capital Region, but this area was essentially not developed by Europeans until after the American Revolutionary War, when the Crown granted land through the Leaders and Associates [17] program of the Lower Canada Executive, which brought settlement in the Ottawa Valley.[18]

Hull was founded on the north shore of the Ottawa River in 1800 by Philemon Wright at the portage around the Chaudière Falls, just upstream (or west) from the confluence of the Gatineau and Rideau rivers with the Ottawa River. Wright brought his family, four other families, and twenty-five (or 33, according to Philemon's own conflicting reports) labourers[19] with the hope of establishing an agricultural community, but by 1806, Wright and his family took advantage of the large forest stands and began the Ottawa River timber trade, floating the first square timber raft down the Ottawa River to Québec City. The original settlement was called Wright's Town, Lower Canada, and was later renamed as Hull, when it was incorporated in 1875. Bytown, founded in 1832, stood across the river from Wright's Town. In 2002, after amalgamation, Hull became part of a larger jurisdiction named the City of Gatineau.

In 1820, before immigrants from Ireland and Great Britain arrived in great numbers, Hull Township had a population of 707, including 365 men, 113 women, and 229 children. The high number of men were related to workers in the lumber trade. In 1824, there were 106 families and 803 persons. During the rest of the 1820s, the population of Hull doubled, with the arrival of Protestant immigrants from Ulster, now Northern Ireland. By 1851, the population of the County of Ottawa was 11,104, of which 2,811 lived in Hull. By comparison, Bytown had a population of 7,760 in 1851. By 1861, Ottawa County had a population of 15,671, of which 3,711 lived in Hull.

Gradually French Canadians also migrated to the township; their proportion of the population increased from 10% in 1850, to 50% in 1870, and 90% in 1920.[20]

The Gatineau River, like the Ottawa River, was a basic transportation resource for the draveurs, timber rafters who transported logs via the rivers from lumber camps to downriver destinations. (The Gatineau River flows south into the Ottawa River, which flows east to the St. Lawrence River near Montreal.) The log-filled Ottawa River, as viewed from Hull, was featured on the back of the Canadian one-dollar bill; the paper money was replaced by a dollar coin (the "loonie") in 1987. The last of the dwindling activity of the draveurs on these rivers ended a few years later.

Very little remains of the original 1800 settlement of Hull because the oldest sectors of the town were destroyed by several fires, especially the destructive fire in 1900. The fire also seriously damaged the pont des Chaudières (Chaudière Bridge), but the bridge was rebuilt to join Ottawa to Hull at Victoria Island.

In the 1940s, during World War II, Hull, along with various other regions within Canada, such as Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, and Île Sainte-Hélène, was the site of prisoner-of-war camps.[21] Hull's prison was identified only by a number, as were Canada's other war prisons.[21][22] The prisoners of war (POWs) were organized by nationality and status: civilian or military status.[21] In the Hull camp, POWs were mostly Italian and German nationals who were detained by the government as potential threats to the nation during the war. As a result of the Conscription Crisis of 1944, Canadians who had refused conscription were also interned in the camp.[21] The prisoners were required to perform hard labour, which included farming and lumbering the land.[21]

During the 1970s and early 1980s, the decaying old downtown core of Hull was redeveloped. Old buildings were demolished and replaced by a series of large office complexex. In addition some 4,000 residents were displaced, and many businesses uprooted along what was once the town's main commercial area.[23]

On 11 November 1992, Ghislaine Chénier, Mayoress by interim for the city of Hull, unveiled War Never Again, a marble stele monument that commemorates the cost of war for the men, women and children of Hull.[24]

Geography

Gatineau is located in southwestern Quebec, on the northern bank of the Gatineau River. Gatineau has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb)[25] with four distinct seasons and is between Zones 5a and 5b on the Canadian Plant Hardiness Scale.[26] The Gatineau Hills are the foothills of the Laurentian Mountains and located in the region. They supply great skiing and snowboarding opportunities within minutes of the city. Gatineau is situated close to where the Canadian shield and the Saint Lawrence Lowlands intersect. The area has several major fault lines[27] and small earthquakes do occur somewhat regularly, including the 2010 Central Canada earthquake that occurred in Quebec.

The city is covered in parks and green spaces. The beautiful Gatineau Park occupies almost 360 square kilometers of forest and is very close to the city, taking only a quarter of an hour to get there. The park offers hiking, biking, cross-country skiing and beaches. The Ottawa and Gatineau Rivers flow through Gatineau and Gatineau offers boat rides on the Ottawa River.[28]

Demographics
Historical populations
YearPop.±%
19412,822—    
19515,771+104.5%
19568,423+46.0%
196113,022+54.6%
196617,727+36.1%
197122,321+25.9%
197673,479+229.2%
198174,988+2.1%
198677,708+3.6%
199192,284+18.8%
1996100,684+9.1%
2001102,898+2.2%
2006242,124+135.3%
2011265,349+9.6%
2016276,245+4.1%
2021291,041+5.4%

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Gatineau had a population of 291,041 living in 126,476 of its 133,225 total private dwellings, a change of 5.4% from its 2016 population of 276,245. With a land area of 341.84 km2 (131.99 sq mi), it had a population density of 851.4/km2 (2,205.1/sq mi) in 2021.[29]

According to the 2011 census the city of Gatineau had a population of 265,349. This was an increase of 9.6% compared to 2006. Most of the population live in the urban cores of Aylmer, Hull and the former Gatineau. Buckingham and Masson-Angers are more rural communities. Gatineau is the fourth largest city in Quebec after Montreal, Quebec City, and Laval.

The Quebec part of Ottawa-Gatineau Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) – which includes various peripheral municipalities in addition to Gatineau – had a total population of 314,501. Between 2001 and 2006 there was a net influx of 5,205 people (equivalent to 2% of the total 2001 population) who moved to Gatineau from outside of the Ottawa – Gatineau area. There was also a net outmigration of 630 anglophones (equivalent to 2% of the 2001 anglophone population). Overall there was a net influx of 1,100 people from Quebec City, 1,060 from Montreal, 545 from Saguenay, 315 from Toronto, 240 from Trois-Rivières, 225 from Kingston, and 180 from Sudbury.[30]

Ethnicity

The 2001 census found that 4.3% of the population self-identified as having a visible minority status, including, among others, about 1.3% who self-identified as Black, about 1.0% self-identifying as Arab, 0.5% as Latin American, 0.4% as Chinese, 0.3% as Southeast Asian, 0.2% as South Asian, and about 0.1% as Filipino. (Statistics Canada terminology is used throughout.)[31] First Nations comprise 2.7% of the population.[32] The area is home to more than five thousand recent immigrants (i.e. those arriving between 2001 and 2006), who now comprise about two percent of the total population. 11% of these new immigrants have come from Colombia, 10% from China, 7% from France, 6% from Lebanon, 6% from Romania, 4% from Algeria, 3% from the United States and 3% from Congo.[33]

The cultural diversity of the city of Gatineau is noteworthy. The city is proud to announce that it welcomes between 800 and 1,000 newcomers to Canada each year. They come from some sixty countries and enrich the Gatineau identity.[34]

Canadians were able to self-identify one or more ethnocultural ancestries in the 2001 census. (Percentages may therefore add up to more than 100%.) The most common response was Canadian/Canadien and since the term 'Canadian' is as much an expression of citizenship as of ethnicity these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethnocultural ancestries. 43.1% of respondents gave a single response of Canadian / Canadien while a further 26.5% identified both Canadian/Canadien and one or more other ethnocultural ancestries. 10.4% of respondents gave a single response of French, 1.1% gave a single response of Portuguese, 1.0% gave a single response of Irish, 0.9% gave a single response of Lebanese, 0.8% gave a single response of English, 0.7% gave a single responses of Québécois and 0.7% gave a single response of North American Indian. According to Statistics Canada, counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnocultural ancestries were: 70.7% North American, 37.8% French, 14.3% British Isles, 4.5% Aboriginal, 4.0% Southern European, 3.8% Western European, 1.9% Arab, 1.7% Eastern European, 1.0% East and Southeast Asian, 0.8% African, 0.7% Latin, Central and South American, 0.7% Caribbean and 0.5% Northern European.

Panethnic groups in the City of Gatineau (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group		 2021[35] 2016[36] 2011[37] 2006[38] 2001[39]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[lower-alpha 1] 219,350 76.77% 224,670 82.64% 225,670 86.24% 217,290 90.55% 97,250 94.98%
African 27,145 9.5% 16,670 6.13% 10,165 3.88% 5,715 2.38% 1,040 1.02%
Indigenous 11,705 4.1% 10,420 3.83% 9,065 3.46% 6,270 2.61% 1,355 1.32%
Middle Eastern[lower-alpha 2] 11,370 3.98% 9,180 3.38% 7,045 2.69% 4,210 1.75% 1,320 1.29%
Latin American 5,595 1.96% 4,170 1.53% 3,855 1.47% 2,415 1.01% 370 0.36%
East Asian[lower-alpha 3] 3,865 1.35% 2,830 1.04% 2,500 0.96% 1,785 0.74% 335 0.33%
Southeast Asian[lower-alpha 4] 2,965 1.04% 1,805 0.66% 1,725 0.66% 1,430 0.6% 225 0.22%
South Asian 1,840 0.64% 955 0.35% 795 0.3% 455 0.19% 225 0.22%
Other/Multiracial[lower-alpha 5] 1,885 0.66% 1,155 0.42% 845 0.32% 400 0.17% 265 0.26%
Total responses 285,715 98.17% 271,850 98.41% 261,665 98.61% 239,980 99.11% 102,385 99.5%
Total population 291,041 100% 276,245 100% 265,349 100% 242,124 100% 102,898 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Language

The following statistics refer to the Quebec portion of the Ottawa–Gatineau CMA (as it was defined in the 2021 census): Counting both single and multiple responses, French was a mother tongue for 78.27% of residents in 2021, English for 16.96%, Arabic for 2.74%, Portuguese for 0.85% and Spanish for 2.0%.[40](Figures below are for single responses only.)[41]

Mother tongue Population Percentage
French 204 290 71.1%
English 33,825 11.8%
Arabic 7,880 2.74%
Portuguese 2,465 0.85%
Spanish 5,730 2.00%
Mandarin 1,715 0.60%
Serbo-Croatian 1,195 0.42%
Romanian 1,040 0.36%
German 45 0.02%
Berber 780 0.27%
Polish 470 0.16%
Italian 445 0.2%
Haitian Creole 1,200 0.42%
Russian 1,815 0.63%
Kirundi 915 0.32%
Persian 475 0.17%
Lao 105 0.04%
Bosnian 245 0.09%
Dutch 115 0.04%
Serbian 705 0.25%
Kinyarwanda 735 0.26%
Hungarian 120 0.04%
Canada Census Mother Tongue - Gatineau, Quebec[42]
Census Total
French
English
French & English
Other
Year Responses Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop %
2021
287,510
 204,290 Decrease0.50% 71.1% 33,825 Increase 10.32% 11.8 8,640 Increase 86.40% 3% 34,165 Increase 16.7% 11.9%
2016
273,265
 205,335 Increase 0.9% 75.14% 30,660 Increase 5.5% 11.22% 4,635 Increase 4.9% 1.69% 29,275 Increase 22.72% 10.7%
2011
263,255
 203,360 Increase 6.22% 77.24% 29,060 Increase 14.56% 11.04% 4,415 Increase 65.3% 1.6% 23,855 Increase 16.33% 9.06%
2006
239,980
 191,445 Increase 4.35% 79.77% 25,365 Increase 3.57% 10.56% 2,670 Decrease 20.93% 1.11% 20,505 Increase 42.6% 8.54%
2001
224,755
 183,455 Increase 3.6% 81.6% 24,115 Increase 5.18% 10.7% 2,810 Decrease 4.9% 1.25% 14,380 Increase 30.9% 6.39%
1996
215,995
 177,065 n/a 81.97% 23,995 n/a 11.1% 3,005 n/a 1.39% 10,985 n/a 5.08%

Religion

According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Gatineau included:[35]

About 83% of the population identified as Roman Catholic in 2001 while 7% said they had no religion and 5% identified as Protestant (1.3% Anglican, 1.3% United, 0.7% Baptist, 0.3% Lutheran, 0.2% Pentecostal, 0.2% Presbyterian). About 1% of the population identified as Muslim, 0.5% as Jehovah's Witnesses, 0.3% as Buddhist, and 0.2% as Eastern Orthodox.[43]

Immigration
Immigrants by country of birth (2016 Census)[44]
Rank Country Population
1 Haiti 2,530
2 Lebanon 2,450
3 France 2,050
4 Morocco 1,985
5 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,710
6 Colombia 1,710
7 China 1,530
8 Algeria 1,435
9 Portugal 1,275
10 Philippines 1,095

There are a total of 44,180 immigrants (by status) in Gatineau or 15,5% of the whole population and 5,300 non permanent resident. [45]

Economy

A number of federal and provincial government offices are located in Gatineau, due to its proximity to the national capital, and its status as the main town of the Outaouais region of Quebec.

A policy of the federal government to distribute federal jobs on both sides of the Ottawa River led to the construction of several massive office towers to house federal civil servants in downtown Gatineau; the largest of these are Place du Portage and Terrasses de la Chaudière, occupying part of the downtown core of the city. Some government agencies and ministries headquartered in Gatineau are the Public Works and Government Services Canada, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, Environment Canada, Transportation Safety Board of Canada.[46]

The following federal government departments have their main offices in Gatineau:

The following agencies have their main offices in Gatineau.

In addition to housing a significant portion of federal government offices, the city is also an important regional centre for the Outaouais region. The city serves as the location for the Superior Court of the District of Gatineau, which encompasses all neighboring municipalities. It also houses two of the region's major hospitals as well as numerous provincial colleges.

Gatineau's economy relies on a few important sectors. A majority of jobs are accounted for between the federal government, construction and service industries. There is however a large effort to modernize the economy in the region through recent initiatives in the entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystem. The Innovation Gatineau Institute is a regional innovation centre that boasts co-working space as well as startup incubation and acceleration programs to spur innovative business creation.

Attractions
Filling the balloons in the park

Two important tourist attractions located in Gatineau are the Canadian Museum of History and the Casino du Lac-Leamy. In August, the Casino hosts an international fireworks competition which opposes four different countries with the winner being awarded a Prix Zeus prize for the best overall show (based on several criteria)[47] and can return in the following year. At the beginning of September, on Labour Day weekend, Gatineau hosts an annual hot air balloon festival which fills the skies with colourful gas-fired passenger balloons.

There are many parks. Some of them are well gardened playgrounds or resting spaces while others, like Lac Beauchamp Park, are relatively wild green areas which often merge with the woods and fields of the surrounding municipalities. Streams of all sizes run through these natural expanses. Most of the city is on level ground but the Northern and Eastern parts lie on the beginnings of the foothills of the massive Canadian Shield, or Laurentian Mountains. These are the "Gatineau Hills", and are visible in the background of the companion picture. One of Gatineau's urban parks, Jacques Cartier Park, is used by the National Capital Commission during the popular festival, Winterlude.

Nightlife within the city of Gatineau is mostly centered in the "Vieux-Hull" sector behind the Federal office complexes of downtown. The area features many bars and restaurants within walking distance from Ottawa. It is a popular spot for young Ontarians as the legal drinking age in Quebec is 18 (as opposed to Ontario's 19).

Sports

Government
Gatineau

The Gatineau City Council (French: Conseil municipal de Gatineau) is the city's main governing body. It is composed of 19 city councillors and a mayor. The city serves as the seat of the judicial district of Gatineau, which encompasses the entirety of the city of Gatineau as well as several outlying municipalities such as Chelsea, Cantley and Pontiac. The superior court serving the Outaouais region is located in Gatineau across from City Hall on the corner of Laurier and Hôtel-de-Ville. Most of the law firms that represent local businesses throughout the region are also based in Gatineau.

Gatineau federal election results[48]
Year Liberal Conservative Bloc Québécois New Democratic Green
2021 51% 69,519 11% 15,772 20% 27,674 11% 14,521 2% 2,687
2019 53% 76,367 10% 14,324 18% 26,401 12% 17,330 5% 7,874
Gatineau provincial election results[49]
Year CAQ Liberal QC solidaire Parti Québécois
2018 35% 39,861 34% 39,242 16% 18,277 10% 11,473
2014 13% 16,126 59% 71,916 8% 9,695 18% 22,352

Amalgamation
See also: Neighbourhoods of Gatineau
Division of population by sector in the city of Gatineau.
Gatineau
 
 45.4%
Hull
 
 29.2%
Aylmer
 
 15.9%
Buckingham
 
 5.1%
Masson-Angers
 
 4.3%

As part of the 2000–06 municipal reorganization in Quebec, the five municipalities that constituted the Communauté urbaine de l'Outaouais (Outaouais urban community) were merged on 1 January 2002 to constitute the new city of Gatineau. They were:

Although Hull was the oldest and most central of the merged cities, the name Gatineau was chosen for the new city. The historic municipality of Gatineau had more residents than Hull, and this name was strongly associated with the area: it was the name of the former county, valley, hills, and park and the main river within the new city limits. Some suggested that the French name of Gatineau would appeal more to the French-speaking residents who comprise the majority of the merged population.

After the 2003 election, the new Liberal government of Jean Charest passed Bill 9, which created a process by which former municipalities could be reconstituted. Contrary to Charest's election promise of full de-amalgamation, Bill 9 restored only selected powers to the de-merged cities (e.g., animal control, garbage pickup, local street maintenance, some cultural facilities). The bigger expenses (e.g., police, fire, main streets, expansion programs) and the majority of the taxes remained in the hands of urban agglomerations. These are controlled by the central merged city because their larger populations give them greater voting weight. 10% of the eligible voters in each former municipality would have to sign a "register" in order to hold a referendum on de-amalgamation.

Residents of Aylmer, Buckingham, Hull and Masson-Angers all surpassed this threshold and sought referendums on de-merge. A simple majority of "yes" votes, based on a turnout of at least 35% of voters, is needed to de-merge. All of the above jurisdictions had the required turnout. A majority of voters in each jurisdiction rejected the de-merger.[50]

Former municipality# of Yes votesYes vote (%)Total votesTurnout (%)
Aylmer7,41226.4812,84445.89
Buckingham1,77920.274,30249.02
Hull7,82015.7119,88539.94
Masson-Angers2,56334.83,90052.88

Police and law enforcement

With more than 250 officers, the Service de police de la Ville de Gatineau (SPVG) provides day-to-day policing for the city, in collaboration with other agencies such as the Sûreté du Québec and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police assisting as necessary. They are also responsible for patrolling sections of the highways located within the city limits, including Autoroute 50 and Autoroute 5. The SPVG is equipped with a CID unit, marine unit, drugs unit, gang suppression unit, and a tactical unit (Groupe d'intervention, or GI). Patrol officers are armed with Smith & Wesson M&P .40 calibre pistols. The SPVG uses the same vehicles as similar police forces throughout North America.

Infrastructure

The Gatineau-Ottawa Executive Airport is Gatineau's municipal airport, capable of handling small jets. There are Canada customs facilities for aircraft coming from outside Canada, a car rental counter and a restaurant. The airport has a few regularly scheduled flights to points within Quebec, but most residents of Gatineau use the nearby Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport or travel to Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport in Montreal.

Ottawa and Gatineau have two distinct bus-based public transit systems with different fare structures, OC Transpo and the Société de transport de l'Outaouais. Tickets are not interchangeable between the two, however passes and transfers from one system to the other do not require payment of a surcharge on any routes. There is a proposed LRT system that would connect Gatineau to Bayview and Rideau Centre Stations in Ottawa.[51]

Many Gatineau highways and major arteries feed directly into the bridges crossing over to Ottawa, but once there the roads lead into the dense downtown grid or into residential areas, with no direct connection to The Queensway. This difficulty is further magnified by the lack of a major highway on the Quebec side of the Ottawa River connecting Gatineau to Montreal, the metropolis of the province; most travellers from Gatineau to Montreal first cross over to Ottawa, and use Ontario highways to access Montreal. However, it is expected that since Autoroute 50 has been completed,[52] the new link between Gatineau and the Laurentides popular tourist area may serve as part of a Montreal by-pass by the north shore for Outaouais residents.

Education

The education system in Quebec is different from other systems in Canada. Between high school, which ends at grade 11, and university, students must go through an additional school called CEGEP, or Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel. CEGEPs offer both pre-university (2-years) and technical (3-years) programs.

The city of Gatineau, within its Hull neighborhood, houses the main campus of the Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), part of the Université du Québec network. The UQO counts over 5,500 students, mostly within its multiple social science programs. It is world-renowned for its cyber-psychology laboratory. Faced with a limited number of domains of study, many Quebec students attend other universities, either in Ottawa or Montreal. Every year, the UQO hosts the Bar of Quebec course for certification of new lawyers.

Gatineau is also the home of two CEGEPs, including the francophone Cégep de l'Outaouais with three campuses across the city and the anglophone Heritage College.

The main French-language school boards in Gatineau are the Commission scolaire des Portages-de-l'Outaouais, the Commission scolaire au Coeur-des-Vallées, and the Commission scolaire des Draveurs. There are also four private high schools: the all-girl Collège Saint-Joseph, the Collège Saint-Alexandre, and École secondaire Nouvelles-Frontières and le Centre académique de l'Outaouais (CADO). Elementary and secondary education in English is held under the supervision of the Western Quebec School Board.

Since 1995, the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) has a campus in Gatineau.[53][54] A military training centre, Defence Public Affairs Learning Centre, is also located in Gatineau.

Campus médical Outaouais

In 2019, McGill University announced the construction of a new campus for its Faculty of Medicine in the Outaouais region, which will run the undergraduate medical education program in French and allow students to complete their undergraduate medical training entirely in the Outaouais.[55] Official communication with politicians has been ongoing since 2016.[56] The new facility will be erected above the emergency room at the Gatineau Hospital, part of the Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de l'Outaouais, in addition to new offices for the associated Family Medicine Unit for residency training.[55] Although the preparatory year for students entering the undergraduate medical education program from CEGEP was initially planned to be offered solely at the McGill downtown campus in Montreal,[55][57] collaboration with the Université du Québec en Outaouais finally made it possible to offer the program entirely in Gatineau.[58]

Key roads
Main article: List of Gatineau roads

Media
Main article: Media in Ottawa–Gatineau

Gatineau is the city of licence for several television and radio stations serving the National Capital Region, which is a single media market. Many of the Ottawa-Gatineau region's TV and FM broadcast stations transmit from Camp Fortune just north of Gatineau. All of the stations licensed directly to Gatineau broadcast in French.

Weekly newspapers published in Gatineau include Le Bulletin d'Aylmer (bilingual) and The West Quebec Post. Although Gatineau does not have its own daily newspaper, it is served by daily newspapers published in Ottawa, including the French Le Droit and the English Ottawa Citizen and Ottawa Sun.

The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, the Canadian regulatory agency for broadcasting, is based in Gatineau at Terrasses de la Chaudière.

Notable people

See also

Notes
  1. Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  3. Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  4. Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  5. Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

References
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