George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave

George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave, GCMG, PC (23 February 1856 – 29 March 1928) was a British lawyer and Conservative politician. He was Home Secretary under David Lloyd George from 1916 to 1919 and served as Lord Chancellor from 1922 to 1924 and again from 1924 to 1928.

For other people named George Cave, see George Cave (disambiguation).

The Right Honourable
The Viscount Cave
GCMG PC
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
In office
24 October 1922 – 22 January 1924
Prime MinisterBonar Law
Stanley Baldwin
Preceded byThe Viscount Birkenhead
Succeeded byThe Viscount Haldane
In office
6 November 1924 – 28 March 1928
Prime MinisterStanley Baldwin
Preceded byThe Viscount Haldane
Succeeded byThe Lord Hailsham
Home Secretary
In office
11 December 1916 – 14 January 1919
Prime MinisterDavid Lloyd George
Preceded byHerbert Samuel
Succeeded byEdward Shortt
Member of Parliament
for Kingston-upon-Thames
In office
8 February 1906 – 14 December 1918
Preceded byThomas Skewes-Cox
Succeeded byJohn Campbell
Personal details
Born23 February 1856 (1856-02-23)
London
Died29 March 1928(1928-03-29) (aged 72)
St Anne's, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset
NationalityBritish
Political partyConservative
Spouse(s)
Estella Cave, Countess Cave of Richmond
​
​
(m. 1885)​
Alma materSt John's College, Oxford

Background and education

Cave was born in London, the son of Thomas Cave, Member of Parliament for Barnstaple, and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Jasper Shallcrass. He was educated at the Merchant Taylors' School, London and St John's College, Oxford. After being called to the bar in 1880, he practised as a barrister for a number of years, being made King's Counsel and recorder of Guildford in 1904.

Political career
Portrait of the Viscount Cave.

In 1906 he was elected Conservative Member of Parliament for the Kingston Division of Surrey, was appointed Vice-Lieutenant of Surrey in 1907,[1] and a member of the Royal Commission on Land Purchase in 1908. Having served as standing Counsel to the University of Oxford for two years as well as Attorney General to the Prince of Wales, in 1915 Cave was appointed Solicitor General[2] and knighted.[3] The following year, he was made Home Secretary in Lloyd George's coalition government, a post he held for three years. As Home Secretary, he introduced the Representation of the People Act 1918 and he was very prominent in the debates in the House of Commons on the police strike of August 1918.[4]

In 1918, Sir George Cave was ennobled as Viscount Cave, of Richmond in the County of Surrey.[5] The following year, he became a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, and chaired a number of commissions, including the Southern Rhodesian commission and the Munitions Enquiry Tribunal. In 1922, he became Lord Chancellor in Bonar Law's government, and again served in this capacity in Baldwin's first administration. He chaired the post war report that led to cuts to the minimum wages and regulation of collective bargaining, recommended by the Cave Committee in 1922.[6]

Having been appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in 1921, he was also elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1925, defeating former Liberal Prime Minister H. H. Asquith. Asquith was deeply upset by the defeat, partly because he felt that Cave, an old friend, should not have stood against him.[7]

Roy Jenkins, an admirer of Asquith, described him as the least distinguished Lord Chancellor in the first three decades of the twentieth century.[8]

Family

Lord Cave married Annie Estella Sarah Penfold Mathews, daughter of Captain William Withey Mathews and Jane Wallas (née Penfold), and sister of Sir Lloyd Mathews, in 1885. They had met by 1880, and he proposed to her in 1883.[9] Lord and Lady Cave had three sons and one daughter, although each of them died on the day they were born, or soon afterwards. Their names were Ralph Wallas (1885), Lloyd George (1893), Honor Elizabeth (1895), and Mathew George (1899). They are all buried at St. Mary's in Richmond. Cave died in March 1928, aged 72, at St Ann's, Burnham, Somerset, and was buried at Berrow in the same county - his wife's brother-in-law, W. K. Laurence, had been buried there only a week or so earlier, after dying tragically after a fall at Clevedon.

On the day of his death his resignation as Lord Chancellor had been accepted and it had been announced that he would be created an earl, and so his widow, Estella, was created Countess Cave of Richmond, with remainder to heirs male of her body.[10]

Having no children who lived to adulthood, the viscountcy became extinct on Lord Cave's death, as did the earldom when his widow died in 1938.

Coat of arms of George Cave, 1st Viscount Cave
Crest
A greyhound sejant Or pellettée, resting the dexter leg on a cross moline Gules.
Escutcheon
Or fretty Azure a cross moline within a bordure nebuly Gules on a chief of the last two greyhounds' heads erased of the first.
Motto
Cave Deus Videt (Beware God Sees) [11]

References
  1. "No. 27989". The London Gazette. 25 January 1907. p. 570.
  2. "No. 29360". The London Gazette. 9 November 1915. p. 11043.
  3. "No. 29390". The London Gazette. 3 December 1915. p. 12054.
  4. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Cave, George Cave, 1st Viscount" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
  5. "No. 31013". The London Gazette. 15 November 1918. p. 13492.
  6. Cave Committee, Report to the Ministry of Labour of the Committee Appointed to Enquire into the Working and Effects of the Trade Board Acts (1922) Cmd 1645
  7. Jenkins, Roy Asquith Collins, 1964, p.511
  8. Jenkins p.511
  9. Mallet, Charles Edward (1931). Lord Cave: A Memoir. London: John Murray. OCLC 2673381.
  10. "No. 33383". The London Gazette. 11 May 1928. p. 3332.
  11. Debrett's Peerage. 1921.

Further reading
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