Constituencies of Russia

Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Map of all 225 Russian legislative constituencies in relation to their federal subjects. (Used 2015-2025)

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.

List

Below is the list of Constituencies of Russia, organised by federal subject.

Adygea

Altai Republic

Bashkortostan

Buryatia

Dagestan

Ingushetia

Kabardino-Balkaria

Kalmykia

Karachay-Cherkessia

Republic of Karelia

Komi Republic

Republic of Crimea

Mari El

Mordovia

Yakutia

North Ossetia

Tatarstan

Tuva

Udmurt Republic

Khakassia

Chechnya

Chuvashia

Altai Krai

Zabaikalsky Krai

Kamchatka Krai

Krasnodar Krai

Krasnoyarsk Krai

Perm Krai

Primorsky Krai

Stavropol Krai

Khabarovsk Krai

Amur Oblast

Arkhangelsk Oblast

Astrakhan Oblast

Legislative constituencies in Belgorod Oblast.

Belgorod Oblast

Bryansk Oblast

Vladimir Oblast

Volgograd Oblast

Vologda Oblast

Voronezh Oblast

Ivanovo Oblast

The 95th Constituency in Irkutsk Oblast has traces of Gerrymandering.

Irkustsk Oblast

Kaliningrad Oblast

Kaluga Oblast

Kemerovo Oblast

Kirov Oblast

Kostroma Oblast

Kurgan Oblast

Kursk Oblast

Leningrad Oblast

Lipetsk Oblast

Magadan Oblast

Moscow Oblast

Murmansk Oblast

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Novgorod Oblast

Novosibirsk Oblast

Omsk Oblast

Orenburg Oblast

Oryol Oblast

Penza Oblast

Pskov Oblast

Rostov Oblast

Ryazan Oblast

Samara Oblast

Saratov Oblast

Sakhalin Oblast

Sverdlovsk Oblast

Smolensk Oblast

Tambov Oblast

Tver Oblast

Tomsk Oblast

Tula Oblast

Tyumen Oblast

Ulyanovsk Oblast

Chelyabinsk Oblast

Yaroslavl Oblast

Moscow's Central constituency is often known as Russia's most pro-opposition constituency

Moscow Federal City

Saint Petersburg Federal City

Sevastopol Federal City

Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Nenets AO

Khanty-Mansi AO

Chukotka AO

Yamalo-Nenets AO

Russian gerrymandering

Gerrymandering is the process of drawing the boundaries of electoral districts to favor a certain political force.[2] In Russia, this comes through the "Lepestkovy" (Russian: лепестковый) drawing of constituencies.[3] These "Lepestkovy" drawing usually involves major cities and/or regional capitals being split up between multiple constituencies. This is done to split up urban voters (who tend to be more liberal) and pair them up with a bigger rural population. This is present in many of Russia's constituencies.

Volgograd Oblast, an excellent example of "Lepestkovy" Gerrymandering.
The 158th Constituency cuts right through Samara

Redistricting

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years.

The 2015-2025 layout was created on the basis that there are 109,902,583 voters in all of Russia.

The number of constituencies a Federal Subject is entitled to is determined using the Hare Quota. By dividing the total number of voters in Russia (109,902,583) by 225 (the total amount of Deputies, elected through single-mandate constituencies), you get 488,455.924, the desired average number of voters in a constituency, also known as the "Government Norm" (GN). The next step is to divide the number of voters in a Federal Subject by the GN, and then rounding down to the lowest whole number. If the remainder is sizeable, then the Federal Subject receives an additional constituency. Table with examples below.

Formula for determining the number of constituencies a Federal Subject receives.
Federal Subject Number of voters in the Federal Subject Number of voters in a Federal Subject ÷ GN Provisional number of constituencies Remainder Additional number of constituencies Final number of constituencies
Karelia 540,436 1.106 1 0.106 0 1
Tomsk Oblast 767,847 1.572 1 0.572 1 2
Dagestan 1,626,829 3.331 3 0.331 0 3
Altai Krai 1,899,225 3.888 3 0.888 1 4
Chelyabinsk Oblast 2,715,204 5.559 5 0.559 0 5
Moscow 7,318,019 14.982 14 0.982 1 15

Former Constituencies

Bashkortostan

Primorsky Krai

Stavropol Krai

Vladimir Oblast

Kursk Oblast

Lipetsk Oblast

Moscow Oblast

Murmansk Oblast

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Novosibirsk Oblast

Omsk Oblast

Rostov Oblast

Ryazan Oblast

Samara Oblast

Smolensk Oblast

Tambov Oblast

Tver Oblast

Tula Oblast

Tyumen Oblast

Moscow Federal City

Saint Petersburg Federal City

Komi-Permyak AO

Koryak AO

Taymyr AO

Ust-Orda Buryat AO

Evenk AO

Russian State Duma Election results by constituency

2016 election results

Detailed Results of the 2016 Russian legislative Election by constituency.

Party Constituency Vote
Votes % Seats
United Russia 25,162,770 50.12 203
Communist Party of the Russian Federation 6,492,145 12.93 7
A Just Russia 5,017,645 10.00 7
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 5,064,794 10.09 5
Rodina 1,241,642 2.47 1
Independent 429,051 0.85 1
Civic Platform 364,100 0.73 1
Communists of Russia 1,847,824 3.68 0
Yabloko 1,323,793 2.64 0
Party of Growth 1,171,259 2.33 0
The Greens 770,076 1.53 0
Patriots of Russia 704,197 1.40 0
People's Freedom Party 530,862 1.06 0
Civilian Power 79,922 0.16 0
Invalid/blank votes 1,767,725
Total 51,967,805 (47.88%) 100 225
Registered voters 109,636,794 (100%)
Source: Central Election Commission

2021 election results

Results of the 2021 Russian legislative election by constituency.

Party Constituency Vote
Votes % Seats
United Russia 25,201,048 45.86 198
Communist Party of the Russian Federation 8,984,506 16.35 9
A Just Russia — For Truth 4,882,518 8.78 8
Independents 646,950 1.18 5
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 3,234,113 5.89 2
Rodina 829,303 1.51 1
Party of Growth 515,020 0.94 1
Civic Platform 386,663 0.70 1
New People 2,684,082 4.88 0
Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice 1,969,986 3.58 0
Communists of Russia 1,639,774 2.98 0
Yabloko 1,091,837 1.99 0
The Greens 541,289 0.98 0
Russian Party of Freedom and Justice 372,867 0.68 0
Green Alternative 120,137 0.22 0
Invalid/blank votes 1,913,578 3.48
Total 55,013,671(50.83%) 100 225
Registered voters 108,231,085 (100%)
Source: Central Election Commission

References

  1. "1. Адыгейский одномандатный избирательный округ". Депутат Клуб (in Russian). 2016-03-15. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
  2. "ДЖЕРРИМЕНДЕРИНГ - это... Что такое ДЖЕРРИМЕНДЕРИНГ?". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-07-30.
  3. "Егор Боратов: Лепестковая нарезка среднестатистического избирателя". polit.ru. Retrieved 2021-07-30.

See also

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