Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway

The first proposal to connect Llanfair Caerinion and Welshpool by railway was the Llanfair Railway of 1864; this would have been a narrow gauge line, with a mixed gauge section where it connected to the Cambrian Railways. This proposal was abandoned. The next attempt came in 1876 with the promotion of the Welshpool and Llanfair Railway Bill, which proposed a railway along a similar route to the 1864 effort. This Bill passed through the Houses of Parliament. This attempt failed in 1882 because the promoters were unable to raise sufficient capital. In 1886, another Welshpool and Llanfair Railway Bill appeared for a 3 ft (914 mm) gauge railway on a similar route; this bill expired unused in 1892.[1]

In 1896, the Light Railways Act was passed, and this spurred further attempts at a railway to Llanfair Caereinion. The first of these was the Llanfair & Meifod Valley Light Railway bill of 1896, which proposed a standard-gauge line from Arddleen about 8 miles north of Welshpool, through the Meifod Valley.[1]

In late December 1896, the mayor of Welshpool William Addie proposed a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge railway called the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway. By March 1897, Addie had contracted with noted narrow gauge promoter Everard Calthrop to assist in preparing a case for the inquiry. An application for a Light Railway Order was submitted to the Board of Trade in May 1897. Calthrop proposed the use of transporter wagons, 0-6-0 tank locomotives and a large "Barsi-type" locomotive for heavy market day traffic. At the August 1897 public inquiry Calthrop appeared, along with J.R. Dix manager of the Corris Railway. The enquiry considered both the Llanfair & Meifod Light Railway and the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway proposals. The commissioners took their time deciding. Meanwhile, the promoters of the W&LLR had approached the Cambrian Railways to have them pay for and construct the railway. After much time-consuming negotiations, the Cambrian agreed and on 8th. September 1899, the Light Railway Order was granted to begin construction of the line.[1]

Train in the streets of Welshpool (1950)

It was opened on 6 April 1903 to aid economic development in a remote area, never making a profit. It was originally operated by the Cambrian Railways, connecting with it at the former Oswestry and Newtown Railway station in the town of Welshpool. The line is built through difficult country, having a great number of curves in order to reach the summit of 600 ft. The original terminus at Welshpool was located alongside the main line station and trains wound their way through the town, using the locomotive bell as a warning.[2][3]

In the 1923 Grouping of railway companies, Cambrian Railways, including the Welshpool to Llanfair Caereinion line, was absorbed by the Great Western Railway (GWR). On 9 February 1931 the line lost its passenger service, which was replaced by a bus service, and it became a freight-only line. It was temporarily re-opened to passengers between 6 and 11 August 1945 for the Eisteddfod. The GWR itself was nationalised in 1948 and became part of British Railways.

Freight traffic lingered on until 1956, by which time British Railways decided to close the line, with services ceasing on 5 November.[4]

Gala Day: "The Earl" and "The Countess" at Llanfair Caerinion

The Grondana coupling now used on the railway, with a centre buffer and screw coupling link[5]

A group of volunteers and enthusiasts took the line over and started raising money to restore it. On 6 April 1963, the western half of the line, from Llanfair Caereinion to Castle Caereinion, was reopened as a Heritage railway.

On 13 December 1964, a pier supporting the steel girder bridge over the River Banwy was seriously damaged by flood waters dislodging the bridge. During the spring and early summer of 1965 the 16th Railway Regiment of the Royal Engineers replaced the damaged masonry pier with a fabricated steel one and restored the span to its original position. Train services between Llanfair Caereinion to Castle Caereinion resumed on 14 August 1965.[6]

In 1972, services were extended to Sylfaen. The line through Welshpool, however, could not be reopened, so the line now has a new terminus station at Raven Square on the western outskirts of the town, opened on 18 July 1981. In 2008, there were discussions with Welshpool Town Council about reinstating the link through the town to the main line station, following a different route from that originally used.[7]

Because of the 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge, unusual for British narrow gauge railways, locomotives and rolling stock to supplement the originals have had to be obtained from sources around the world including the Zillertalbahn in Austria. A major grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund permitted restoration of both original locomotives together with several coaches and original wagons, and provision of new workshop facilities, ready for the line's centenary.

WLLR No.	Name	Image	Builder	Works No.	Date built	Date arrived	Wheels	Type	Status
1	The Earl		Beyer Peacock	3496	1902	1902	0-6-0T	Steam	Operational
			Original W&LLR locomotive. Overhauled at the Vale of Rheidol Railway between 2019 and 2021. Currently painted in a Great Western green livery.
2	Countess		Beyer Peacock	3497	1902	1902	0-6-0T	Steam	Withdrawn following expiry of boiler certificate 2021
			Original W&LLR locomotive
6	Monarch		W. G. Bagnall	3024	1953	1966	0-4-4-0T	Steam	On display
			From the Sittingbourne and Kemsley Light Railway. Sold to the Ffestiniog Railway but re-purchased by W&LLR.
7	Chattenden *		Drewry Car Co.	2263	1947	1968	0-6-0DM	Diesel	Operational
			ex-Chattenden and Upnor Railway (also known as the Lodge Hill & Upnor Railway), previously from Admiralty Depots, rebuilt at Llanfair in 1980. Has recently been rebuilt at Llanfair and is now fitted with both air and vacuum braking.
8	Dougal *		Andrew Barclay	2207	1946	1968	0-4-0T	Steam	On display
			Originally operated at Provan Gasworks, Glasgow. Currently awaiting boiler repairs
10	Sir Drefaldwyn *		Franco-Belge	2855	1944	1969	0-8-0T	Steam	Operational
			Originally operated by the German Army as a tender engine. Then in Austria at the Salzkammergut-Lokalbahn as Number 19, then sold to the Steiermärkische Landesbahn as Number "699.01", where it was converted to a tank engine.[12] An HF 160 D-type locomotive.
11	Ferret *		Hunslet Engine Company	2251	1940	1971	0-4-0DM	Diesel	Operational
			Previously from Admiralty armament depot in Wiltshire. Initially named Raven after the loco it replaced.[12] Returned to service in 2015 and is used primarily as a works shunter at Llanfair.
12	Joan		Kerr Stuart	4404	1929	1971	0-6-2T	Steam	On display
			Originally operated in Antigua. Returned to service in 2011 with a new boiler. Out of service from 2020 following expiry of 10 year boiler ticket.
14	SLR No. 85		Hunslet Engine Company	3815	1954	1975	2-6-2T	Steam	On display
			Originally operated by Sierra Leone Government Railway.
16	Scooby *		Hunslet Engine Company	2400	1941	1992	0-4-0DM	Diesel	Stored
			Previously from Admiralty Depots. Rebuilt by W&LLR
17	TSC 175		Diema	4270	1979	2004	6wDH	Diesel	Operational
			Originally operated by Taiwan Sugar Company

* = Name added by WLLR

WLLR No.	Name	Image	Builder	Works No.	Date built	Date arrived	Wheels	Type	Status
3	Raven *		Ruston & Hornsby		1934		4wDM	Diesel	N/A
			Sold in 1974. Now in private ownership.
4	Upnor Castle *		F. C. Hibberd	3687	1954	1964	4wDM	Diesel	N/A
			Sold to Ffestiniog Railway in 1968.
5	Nutty		Sentinel	7701	1929	1964	4wVBT	Steam	N/A
			Previously from Fletton Brickworks. Owned by and returned to care of Narrow Gauge Railway Museum in 1971, now at Leighton Buzzard Narrow Gauge Railway.
9	Wynnstay *		J. Fowler		1951	1969	0-6-0DM	Diesel	N/A
			Built for a failed groundnuts scheme in East Africa. In 1954 sold to British Portland Cement Co.'s works at Lower Penarth, Glamorgan. Arrived at Llanfair in 1969, Sold to the Great Whipsnade Railway in 1972 as Victor.
15	Orion *		Tubize	2369	1948	1983	2-6-2T	Steam	N/A
			Previously from Finland. Returned to Jokioinen Museum Railway in Finland in 2006.
18	764.423		Reșița works		1957	2004	0-8-0T	Steam	N/A
			Originally operated in Romania. Sold in May 2016 to an Austrian buyer as a spare parts donor for #19[14]
19	764.425		Reșița works		1957	2007	0-8-0T	Steam	N/A
			Originally operated in Romania. Sold in May 2016 to an Austrian buyer[14]

* = Name added by WLLR