Timeline of Google Search

Google Search, offered by Google, is the most widely used search engine on the World Wide Web as of 2023, with over eight billion searches a day. This page covers key events in the history of Google's search service.

For a history of Google the company, including all of Google's products, acquisitions, and corporate changes, see the history of Google page.

Big picture
Time periodDevelopment.
1996–1997Development of basic technology, launch of search engine, attachments like gmail and classroom come later.
2000Internationalization: search is launched in 13 new languages.
2001–2004Google launches many new search categories, such as Google News, Google Books, and Google Scholar.
2002 onwardThe beginning of explicitly announced search algorithm updates.
2008–2010Faster search experience for user: Google Suggest (experimental launch 2004, integrated into main search engine 2008), Google Instant (2010), and Google Instant Previews.
2005, 2009, 2012Google starts using web histories to help in searches (2005), experimentally launches social search (2009), and launches Search Plus Your World (2012).
2009–2010Caffeine update for faster indexing of the web and fresher and on-topic search results.
2011–2014Google Panda (an update to some parts of Google's search algorithm) is released in 2011, with announced updates continuing till September 2014 (Panda 4.1). Stated goals include cracking down on spam, content farms, scrapers, and websites with a high ad-to-content ratio.
2012–2014Google Penguin (an update to some parts of Google's search algorithm) is released in 2012, with the goal of concentrating on webspam. The last named update is in October 2014. Starting December 2014, Penguin moves to continuous updates (Penguin Everflux).
2012 onwardGoogle integrates Google Knowledge Graph into its search results.
2013Google releases Google Hummingbird, an update that may enable semantic search in the future and integrate better with the Knowledge Graph.
2014 onwardGoogle makes a major update to its algorithm for local search. The update gets the name Google Pigeon.
2015 onwardGoogle alerts webmasters to mobile usability issues in January, and announces a major update to its search algorithm, to be rolled out starting April 21, 2015, that will heavily demote mobile-unfriendly sites for web searches on mobile devices.
2019 April In early April 2019, a large de-indexing bug was reported to be dropping pages out of the index. Google wrote on April 11, 2019, "The indexing issue has now been fully resolved. We apologize for the inconvenience. We appreciate your patience as we restored normal operation."

Full timeline
YearMonth and date (if available)Event typeEvent
1996AugustPreludeLarry Page and Sergey Brin, graduate students in computer science at Stanford University, begin working on BackRub, the precursor to Google Search. Page begins work alone initially, supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship, and Brin joins him shortly thereafter. The project is an outgrowth of their work on the Stanford Digital Library Project.[1][2][3][4] Scott Hassan is the project's lead programmer, writing much of the code for the original Google Search engine.[5][6] Web crawling begins in March.
1997September 15DomainThe domain Google.com is registered.[7]
2000May 9InternationalizationGoogle adds ten new languages: French, German, Italian, Swedish, Finnish, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Norwegian and Danish.[7]
2000September 12InternationalizationGoogle launches search services in Japanese, Chinese, and Korean.[8]
2000OctoberAdvertisingGoogle AdWords launches with 350 customers.[7]
2000DecemberUser experienceGoogle Toolbar is released, allowing people to search without visiting the Google homepage, and also offering them more information about the webpages they visit.[7] Some commentators have argued that this marks the beginning of search engine optimization and the Google Dance.[9]
2001JulySearch categoryGoogle launches Google Image Search with over 250 million images in its search database.[7]
2001DecemberReviewGoogle releases its first annual Google Zeitgeist.[7]
2002SeptemberSearch categoryGoogle launches Google News.[7]
2002SeptemberSearch algorithm updateGoogle makes the first publicly announced update to its search algorithm.[9] A number of Internet commentators view this as the death of PageRank (the name for Google's system for ranking pages) and a significant decline in the quality of Google's search results.[10][11][12]
2003FebruarySearch algorithm updateGoogle announces the Boston update at SES Boston. The update saw major algorithmic changes and the promise of frequent index updates.[9]
2003AprilSearch algorithm updateGoogle announces the Cassandra update. The update claims to crack down on link spam, including mutual links between co-owned websites, as well as hidden text and hidden links.[9][13]
2003MaySearch algorithm updateGoogle announces the Dominic update. Commentators believed that the update affected the way backlinks were counted, and many webmasters reported new bots from Google that bounced.[9][14]
2003JuneSearch algorithm updateGoogle announces what will later turn out to have been the last of its regular monthly updates. This update is called the Esmeralda update.[9][15]
2003JulySearch algorithm updateGoogle announces the Fritz update, and also a change to its update policy, as it moves towards continuous rather than batch processing of updates.[9][16][17]
2003SeptemberSearch algorithm updateGoogle announces a "supplemental index" in order to be able to index some parts of the web more rapidly.[18] The supplemental index would eventually be scrapped.
2003NovemberSearch algorithm updateGoogle announces the Florida update, which commentators consider game-changing in that it completely destroyed the value of 1990s SEO tactics and ushered in a new era of search engine optimization.[19]
2003DecemberSearch categoryGoogle launches Google Print, that would later become Google Books.[7]
2004JanuarySearch algorithm updateGoogle announces the Austin update, to continue with the work of combating SEO tactics that Florida had made good progress on.[9][20][21]
2004February 17–20Search algorithm updateGoogle announces the Brandy update, a massive index expansion, Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), increased attention to anchor text relevance, and the concept of link "neighborhoods."[9][22][23]
2004OctoberSearch categoryGoogle launches Google Scholar, its search service for academic publications.[7]
2004DecemberUser experienceGoogle Suggest is introduced as a Google Labs feature.[24][25]
2005JanuarySearch algorithm updateTo combat link spam, Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft collectively introduce the nofollow attribute.[9][26][27]
2005February 2Search algorithm updateGoogle announces the Allegra update, whose effects are unclear.[9][28][29]
2005MaySearch algorithm updateGoogle announces the Bourbon update.[9][30][31][32]
2005JuneWebmaster toolsGoogle allows webmasters to submit XML sitemaps via Webmaster Tools, bypassing the need for HTML sitemaps.[9][33]
2005JuneUser experienceGoogle launches personalized search that automatically taps into users' web histories.[34][35]
2005JuneUser experienceGoogle launches Google Mobile Web Search.[7]
2005SeptemberSearch algorithm updateAlthough Google denies running an update, Matt Cutts clarifies that PageRank was refreshed for some pages recently (with a three-month refresh cycle) causing changes to many site ranks. Observers call this the Gilligan update.[9][36][37]
2005September–NovemberSearch algorithm updateGoogle announces and rolls out the Jagger update in three stages, one in September, one in October, one in November.[9][38][39]
2005December (rollout continues till March 2006)Search algorithm updateGoogle begins rolling out the Big Daddy update, continuing for the next few months until March 2006. The update changes URL canonization, site redirects, and related items.[9][40]
2006MayReviewGoogle releases Google Trends to make it easy to visualize the popularity of searches over time.[7]
2007May 16Search algorithm update + user experienceGoogle launches Universal Search, integrating traditional search results with results from Google News, Google Image Search, Google Video Search, and other verticals. This is believed to be a major milestone in the user experience.[7][9][41][42]
2007JuneSearch algorithm updateThe Buffy update happens. It is not considered a deliberate update, but rather an accumulation of many smaller changes.[9][43][44]
2008March/AprilSearch algorithm updateThe Dewey update seems to lead to a large-scale shuffling of results. Some observers believe that Google is pushing its own properties, such as Google Books, but evidence of this is limited.[9][45]
2008August 25User experienceGoogle Suggest (later called Autocomplete), originally launched as a Labs feature in December 2004, now becomes part of Google's main site.[7][24][25]
2009FebruarySearch algorithm updateThe Vince update happens. Matt Cutts calls it a minor change, but some SEO commentators consider it major.[9][46]
2009FebruaryWebmaster toolsGoogle, Microsoft, and Yahoo! announce joint support for tags that help bots identify canonical versions of webpages without affecting human visitors.[47][48]
2009August 10 (announced), rollout completed and made live June 8, 2010Search algorithm updateNamed Caffeine, this update is announced on August 10, 2009. It promises faster crawling, expansion of the index, and a near-real-time integration of indexing and ranking.[9][49][50][51][52] The rollout is made live on June 8, 2010.[53][54][55]
2009October 26Search categoryGoogle introduces Social Search as a Google Labs feature.[56] The feature is expanded further in late January 2010.[57]
2009December 7Search categoryGoogle launches real-time search for real-time Twitter feeds, Google News, and other freshly indexed content.[9][58][59]
2010Late April, early MaySearch algorithm updateThe update, named May Day, is an algorithm change affecting the long tail. Foreshadowing Google Panda, the update penalizes sites with large amounts of thin content.[9][60][61]
2010September 8User experienceGoogle launches Google Instant, described as a search-before-you-type feature: as users are typing, Google predicts the user's whole search query (using the same technology as in Google Suggest, later called the autocomplete feature) and instantaneously shows results for the top prediction.[62][63][64] Google claims that this is estimated to save 2–5 seconds per search query.[65] SEO commentators initially believe that this will have a major effect on search engine optimization, but soon revise downward their estimate of the impact.[9][66]
2010November 9User experienceGoogle launches Instant Previews, a feature where users can view previews of the ranked pages by hovering over the links in the search engine results page.[9][67][68][69]
2010December 1Search algorithm updateGoogle updated its algorithm to penalize websites that provided a bad experience to users. The update is prompted by a November 26 New York Times story about a fraudulent company called DecorMyEyes that used the publicity generated by negative customer reviews to rise in the search engine rankings.[9][70][71]
2010DecemberSearch algorithm update (announcement/confirmation)Both Google and Microsoft's Bing indicate that they use social signals, including signals from Twitter and Facebook, to rank search results.[9][72][73][74]
2011January–FebruarySearch algorithm updateForeshadowing Google Panda, Google penalizes Overstock.com and JCPenney for the use of SEO tactics.[9][75][76]
2011January 28Search algorithm updateGoogle launches its Attribution algorithm change to better sieve out websites that scrape content. Matt Cutts claims that slightly over 2% of search queries are affected, but less than 0.5% of results change noticeably.[9][77][78]
2011February 23–24Search algorithm updateGoogle launches Google Panda, a major update affecting 12% of search queries. The update continues with the earlier work of cracking down on spam, content farms, scrapers, and websites with a high ad-to-content ratio.[9][79][80][81] The rollout is gradual over several months, and Panda will see many further updates.
2011March 30User experience, incorporation of user feedbackGoogle launches the +1 button so that users can offer feedback on search results.[82] Commentators liken this to the like button seen on Facebook.[83][84]
2011April 11Search algorithm updateGoogle rolls out Panda to all English queries worldwide (not limited to English-speaking countries) and integrates new signals into its ranking algorithm.[9][85][86]
2011May 9Search algorithm updateGoogle rolls out further minor updates to Panda but does not discuss them in detail, saying they are more like Panda 2.1 than Panda 3.0.[9][87][88]
2011June 2Webmaster toolsGoogle, Yahoo!, and Microsoft announce Schema.org, a joint initiative that supports a richer range of tags that websites can use to convey better information.[9][89][90][91]
2011June 21Search algorithm updateGoogle rolls out Panda 2.2.[9][92][93][94]
2011July 23Search algorithm updateGoogle rolls out Panda 2.3.[9][95]
2011August 12Search algorithm updateGoogle rolls out Panda 2.4, making Panda available in all languages around the world, except Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.[9][96][97]
2011August 16User experienceGoogle rolls out expanded sitelinks, starting with 12-pack links (but later reducing to 6-pack).[9][98][99]
2011September 15Webmaster toolsGoogle rolls out pagination elements for websites to communicate to Google that various webpages are different pages of the same article.[9][100][101]
2011September 30Search algorithm updateGoogle rolls out Panda 2.5.[9][102] Although the specifics of the update are unclear, a few sites gain significantly and a few others lose significantly.[103] Other minor flux updates occur on October 3, October 5 and October 13, and some commentators call these Panda 3.0 and 3.1.[9][104]
2011October 18User experience, SEO dataGoogle announces that they will start encrypting all search queries for security purposes.[105] This disrupts organic keyword referral data for many websites, making search engine optimization harder.[106]
2011November 3Search algorithm updateGoogle announces a Freshness update that would give priority to fresher, more recent search results, and claims this could affect 35% of search queries.[107][108][109] The algorithm largely affects time-sensitive queries. A number of sites gain and many others lose as a result of the update.[110]
2011November 14Search algorithm updateGoogle announces a 10-pack of updates, and says that this begins a series of monthly announcements of packs of updates.[9][111]
2011November 18Search algorithm updateGoogle releases an allegedly minor Panda update, which SEO commentators label as Panda 3.1, despite the lack of a generally agreed upon update named Panda 3.0.[9][112][113]
2012December 2011-January 2012 (announced January 5)Search algorithm update, user experienceA 30-change pack of updates, including landing-page quality detection, more relevant site-links, more rich snippets, and related-query improvements.[114]
2012January 10Search algorithm update, user experienceGoogle launches Search Plus Your World, a deep integration of one's social data into search.[115][116] SEO commentators are critical of how the search results favor Google+ and push it to users, compared to more widely used social networks such as Facebook and Twitter.[117][118][119][120]
2012January 19Search algorithm updateGoogle updates its algorithm to introduce a penalty for websites with too many ads "above the fold". The update has no name, but some SEOs use "Top Heavy" to describe the update.[9][121]
2012February 27Search algorithm updateThe update, codenamed Venice, is announced as part of Google's end-of-February 40-pack update. Venice seemed to give substantially increased weightage to local results (location inferred from the user's IP and other signals) for many search queries, such as those looking for businesses of various types in the vicinity.[9][122][123] On the same date, Google rolls out Panda 3.3, which it bills as a data refresh rather than an algorithm change.[124]
2012March 23, April 19, April 27Search algorithm updateMarch 23: Google rolls out Panda 3.4, which is claimed to affect 1.6% of search queries.[125]
Google quietly rolls out Panda 3.5 (April 19) and Panda 3.6 (April 27), with minimal impact.[126][127]
2012April 24Search algorithm updateGoogle launches its "Webspam update" which would soon become known as Google Penguin.[9][128][129][130][131]
2012May 16Search algorithm updateGoogle starts rolling out Knowledge Graph, used by Google internally to store semantic relationships between objects. Google now begins displaying supplemental information about objects related to search queries on the side.[9][132][133][134]
2012May 25Search algorithm updateGoogle rolls out an update of Google Penguin, variously called Penguin 1.1 and Penguin 2.[135]
2012June–SeptemberSearch algorithm updateGoogle rolls out updates to Google Panda: 3.7 (June 8),[136][137] 3.8 (June 25),[138][139] 3.9 (July 24),[140] 3.9.1 (August 20),[9] and 3.9.2 (September 18).[9]
2012August 10Search algorithm updateGoogle announces that it will start penalizing websites with repeat copyright infringements, possibly as measured by DMCA takedown requests.[141] Some SEO commentators call this the Pirate update.[142]
2012September 27Search algorithm updateGoogle rolls out a major update to Google Panda (the update is to the underlying algorithm, rather than merely being a data refresh), that would be dubbed Panda 4.0, but SEO commentators decide to simply call it Panda #20. The change is estimated to have affected 2.4% of search queries.[9][143]
2012September 27Search algorithm updateGoogle announces changes in the way it handles Exact-Match Domains. The change is estimated to have affected 0.6% of search queries.[144][145]
2012October 5Search algorithm updateGoogle releases minor tweaks to Penguin, affecting about 0.3% of search queries. SEO commentators call it Penguin #3, following the lead of Panda in ditching the use of 1.x notation in favor of labeling updates by number.[9][146][147]
2012-13November 2012-January 2013Search algorithm updateGoogle releases updates to Google Panda: #21 (November 5, affecting 1.1% of queries), #22 (November 21, data refresh only), #23 (December 21, data refresh only, affecting 1.3% of queries), and #24 (January 22, affecting 1.2% of queries).[9]
2012December 4Search algorithm updateGoogle adds Knowledge Graph to non-English queries, and says that the change goes beyond translation and also adds enhanced Knowledge Graph capabilities.[9][148][149]
2013March 13–14Search algorithm updateGoogle rolls out Panda #25. Remarks by Matt Cutts at SMX West give people the impression that this is the last update to Panda as a distinct entity and it will thereafter be integrated into the core algorithm.[9][150][151] On June 11, 2013, Cutts clarifies that Panda updates roll out over 10-day periods every month and are not continuous.[152]
2013May 22Search algorithm updateGoogle rolls out a new version of Google Penguin that it calls Penguin 2.0, which SEO commentators call Penguin #4.[153][154]
2013August 6User experienceGoogle adds a new feature called "in-depth articles" in its search results to feature long-form content of long-lasting value.[9][155][156]
2013August 21–22 (approximate date for rollout), September 26 (announcement)Search algorithm updateGoogle releases Google Hummingbird, a core algorithm update that may enable more semantic search and more effective use of the Knowledge Graph in the future.[9][157][158]
2013October 4Search algorithm updateGoogle announces what it calls Penguin 2.1, its fifth version of Penguin, claiming to affect 1% of searches. The effect seems minor.[9][159][160]
2014May 16Search algorithm updatePayday Loans 2.0 algorithm change is purely low quality external link related and over-optimization. This specifically goes after high search, spammy queries such as “Payday Loans”. Google is trying to devalue sites that perform in link buying and other black hat methods to game the algorithm.

[161]

2014May 20Search algorithm updatePanda 4.0 is implemented to devalue sites that contained poor / low quality content. This has been an ongoing battle that Google has been chipping away at for years. Google has claimed that the algorithm change has impacted roughly 7.5% of all search queries.[162]
2014July 3TeamMatt Cutts, a Distinguished Engineer at Google who has been heading the web spam team since 2004, goes on leave till October.[163] He later extends his leave through 2015.[164]
2014July 24Search algorithm updateGoogle announces the rollout of Google Pigeon, a major update to its search algorithm for "local" searches such as searches related to events or businesses near one. The Pigeon update gives more weight to various search signals to deliver more relevant local results.[9][165][166]
2014August 6Search algorithm updateGoogle announces search results will give preference to sites using HTTP Secure and SSL encryption. This added ranking signal would be a "lightweight" ranking boost.[167]
2014August 28User experienceGoogle Authorship is removed completely from search results, as already in December 2013 it reduced number of images showing in SERP's. Now it's totally gone to extinction due to lower adaptation rate by authors, to reduce mobile bandwidth and to improve user experience.[9][168][169][170]
2014September 23 (rollout begins), September 25 (announcement)Search algorithm updateGoogle announces that a significant update to Google Panda is rolling out over the next few weeks. The update is dubbed Panda 4.1.[9][171][172] An analysis reveals that the update was heavy on attacking affiliate marketing, keyword stuffing, security warnings, and deception.[173][174]
2014October 17Search algorithm updatePenguin 3.0 is implemented as a refresh to re-evaluate sites demoted in the last update due to webspam tactics and demote sites using black hat SEO tactics. This refresh is rolled out globally over several weeks impacting roughly 1% of English-language queries.[9][175]
2014October 21Search algorithm updatePirate 2.0 update dubbed by SEO commentators following the similar update in 2012 which penalized sites deemed as violators of copyright laws. This refresh targets a relatively small number of known sites causing dramatic drops in ranking. In tandem with this Google introduces a new Ad Format for queries where people may be searching for copyrighted media, requiring publishers to purchase ads to promote original content over the unauthorized copies.[9][176][177][178]
2014December 10Search algorithm updateGoogle announces that Google Penguin will switch to continuous updates, also known as "Penguin Everflux".[9][179]
2014December 22Search algorithm updateGoogle Pigeon, the local search algorithm update, is rolled out to the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia.[9][180]
2015February 4Search algorithm updateMany independent sources report significant fluctuations in Google Search results, but Google does not officially confirm any changes.[9][181]
2015April 21 (pre-announced February 26)User experience, search algorithm update (mobile usability)On January 19, 2015, Google sends emails to webmasters about mobile usability issues on the websites, leading people to speculate that a major mobile usability update for search rankings is underway.[182] On February 26, 2015, Google announces that demotion of mobile-unfriendly sites for searches on mobile devices will commence on April 21, 2015.[183][184][185]
2015May 3Search algorithm updateGoogle says it has made a core algorithm change impacting "quality signals". Before the official announcement, commentators had dubbed the changes as "Phantom 2".
2015July 17Search algorithm updateGoogle announces an update to Google Panda, dubbed as Panda 4.2 by commentators. Google says that the change affects between 2% and 3% of search queries. Search engine commentators do not notice any sharp changes to search traffic, and expect the changes to be rolled in gradually.[186][187] By September, it appears that many websites that had seen gains due to Panda 4.2 are seeing those gains reversed.[188]
2015October 26Search algorithm update (announcement/confirmation)Google announces that RankBrain, a machine learning-based engine (using neural networks), has been the third most influential factor in its search rankings for the last few months. The actual rollout date is not confirmed, but commentators pin the launch time to Spring 2015. It is most useful for new search queries, that account for about 15% of search queries.[9][189][190]
2016February 3TeamAmit Singhal steps down from his position as Vice President of Search at Google after 15 years in that role. He is replaced by John Giannandrea who works in artificial intelligence at Alphabet, Google's parent company.[191][192]
2016February 18 and 23AdvertisingGoogle makes changes to Google AdWords, removing right-column ads and rolling out 4-ad top blocks on searches with commercial intent. The change has implications on organic search CTRs for such searches, since it pushes the organic search results further down the page, potentially reducing organic search CTRs.[193] Up to three additional ads may be shown below the 10 organic search results, and additional ads may be shown on the second page.[9][194][195][196]
2016May 12 (announced March 16)User experience, search algorithm update (mobile usability)Google rolls out a ranking signal boost to benefit mobile-friendly websites on mobile devices. This is the second update of this sort, with the previous update in April 2015.[9][197][198]
2016 September 27

(announced September 23)

 Penguin 4.0 After almost two years of waiting, Google finally announced a major Penguin update. They suggested the new Penguin is now real-time and baked into the "core" algorithm. The rollout of the new, "gentler" Penguin algorithm, which devalues bad links instead of penalizing sites.[9]
2017 January 10 Intrusive Interstitial Penalty Google started rolling out a penalty to punish aggressive interstitials and pop-ups that might damage the mobile user experience. Google also provided a rare warning of this update five months in advance.[9]
2018 March 8 Core Update "Brackets" Google Made a core update into their algorithm this updated was termed as "Brackets" by Glenn Gabe. This update effected the search ranks to improve it further.
2019 December 9 BERT - Update In October Google updated its algorithm to support BERT - NLP model. This update helps google to improve the interpretation of natural languages. In December Google extended the BERT update internationally into 70 languages. They confirmed that this algorithm update was rolled out to 70 languages
2021 November 30 (rollout begins) - December 8 Vicinity Update The Vicinity Update is the biggest update to local SERPs since 2017. This algorithm update made it so that smaller businesses that are closer to the searcher will show up as a search result, rather than only the dominant, larger businesses that are farther away.
2022 May 25 (rollout begins) - June 9 May 2022 Core Update The May 2022 Core Update was shown to negatively affect the rankings for most news and media publishers, especially generalist news sites that cover a variety of topics. Reference sites like dictionaries, unofficial Wikis, lyric websites, and stock photo sites also saw a drop in rankings, while video site like YouTube, TikTok, Disney+, Hulu, and Twitch saw the largest gains in ranking.[199][200]
2022 Aug 25 Helpful Content Update The August 2022 Helpful Content update completed it's rollout on September 9. The target of the update was, “content that seems to have been primarily created for ranking well in search engines rather than to help or inform people."[201]
2022 Sep 12 September 2022 Core Update[202] The update took 14 days.[203] Volatility was lower than many prior similar updates.[204]
2022 Dec 5 December 2022 Helpful Content Update The update took 38 days to roll out. [205] It reportedly improves Google's classifier, and works across all content and all languages.
2023 Mar 15 March 2023 Core Update The March 2023 Core Update caused a larger spike in volatility that the September Update. According to Semrush, the largest impacted sectors were Shopping and A&E.
2023 Aug 22 August 2023 Core Update The update took 16 days to roll out.[206] The biggest gains seemed to be felt by UGC and Reddit, as well as gains from site showing evidence of experience in the subject.[207]
2023 Sep 14 September 2023 Helpful Content Update This update contained important changes to how sites are ranked including demoting third-party content hosted on sub-domains, and loosening the guidelines around AI-generated content being devalued.[208]
2023 Oct 4 October 2023 Spam Update Enhanced coverage for more languages and additional types of spam.[209]
2023 Oct 5 October 2023 Core Update The rollout took 14 days. There was high volatility reported by many of the SEO ranking tools.[210]

See also

References
  1. Brin, Sergey; Lawrence Page (April 1998). "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine". Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 35 (1–7): 3. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.109.4049. doi:10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X. S2CID 7587743.
  2. Brin, Sergey; Rajeev Motwani; Terry Winograd (1998). "What can you do with a web in your pocket". Data Engineering Bulletin. 21: 37–47. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.107.7614.
  3. The Stanford Integrated Digital Library Project, Award Abstract #9411306, September 1, 1994 through August 31, 1999 (Estimated), award amount $521,111,001
  4. Mervish, Jeffrey (January 2, 2009). "NSF Rethinks Its Digital Library". Science. 323 (5910): 54–58. doi:10.1126/science.323.5910.54. PMID 19119211. S2CID 45137596.
  5. Fisher, Adam (July 10, 2018). "Brin, Page, and Mayer on the Accidental Birth of the Company that Changed Everything". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  6. McHugh, Josh (1 January 2003). "Google vs. Evil". Wired. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  7. "Our history in depth". September 15, 1997. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  8. "Google Launches New Japanese, Chinese, and Korean Search Services: Company Continues Aggressive Global Expansion To Bring Award-Winning Search Engine To Internet Users Worldwide". September 12, 2000. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  9. "Google Algorithm Change History". SEOmoz. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  10. "September, 2002 Google Update Discussion - Part 1". February 1, 2014.
  11. "Dancing the Google Dance: And a One Algo Change, Two Algo Change, Go!". Level343.com. March 14, 2011. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  12. Boutin, Paul (October 5, 2002). "Google Degraded? Geeks Aghast". Wired. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  13. "Cassandra: Google update algo analysis thread. NO whining or cheering about how your site is doing in this one". WebmasterWorld (forum). Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  14. "Understanding Dominic - Part 2". WebmasterWorld (forum). Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  15. "Google Update Esmeralda". June 24, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  16. "Explaining algorithm updates and data refreshes". 2006-12-23.
  17. Levy, Steven (February 22, 2010). "Exclusive: How Google's Algorithm Rules the Web". Wired. Vol. 17, no. 12. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  18. Sullivan, Danny (September 2, 2003). "Search Engine Size Wars & Google's Supplemental Results". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  19. Sullivan, Danny (December 6, 2003). "What Happened To My Site On Google?". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  20. "The latest on update Austin (Google's January update)". Search Engine Journal. January 31, 2004. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  21. Wall, Aaron (January 2004). "Google Update Austin: Google Update Florida Again". Search Marketing Journal. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  22. French, Garrett (February 17, 2004). "Google's Brandy Update Exposed". WebProNews. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  23. "How To Beat Google's 'Brandy' Update". Sitepoint. March 8, 2004. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  24. Sullivan, Danny (August 25, 2008). "Google.com Finally Gets Google Suggest Feature". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  25. "At a loss for words?". Official Google Blog. August 25, 2008. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  26. Sullivan, Danny (January 18, 2005). "Google, Yahoo, MSN Unite On Support For Nofollow Attribute For Links". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  27. Zone, Ganpati (September 16, 2019). "Nofollow Link Attributes Rel Sponsored and UGC Tags Google SEO Latest Updates". Ganpati Zone. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  28. Sullivan, Danny (February 10, 2005). "Google's Feb. 2005 Update". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  29. "Update Allegra - Google Update 2-2-2005". Webmaster World (forum). Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  30. Battelle, John (June 1, 2005). "Google Update "Bourbon"". Battelle Media. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  31. Schwartz, Barry (June 27, 2005). "Bourbon Update Survival Kit". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  32. Price, Gary (June 1, 2005). "GoogleGuy Shares Advice About May 2005 "Bourbon" Update". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  33. Sullivan, Danny (June 2, 2005). "New "Google Sitemaps" Web Page Feed Program". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  34. "Search gets personal". Google blog. June 28, 2005. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  35. Sullivan, Danny (June 28, 2005). "Google Relaunches Personal Search - This Time, It Really Is Personal". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  36. Cutts, Matt (September 8, 2005). "What's an update?". Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  37. Sullivan, Danny (September 9, 2005). "Google's Cutts Says Not An Update - I Say An Update, Just Not A Dance". Search Engine Watch. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  38. Pfeiffer, Ben (October 26, 2005). "A Review Of The Jagger 2 Update". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  39. "Dealing With Consequences of Jagger Update: Your site dropped? Lost rankings? What to do now?". Webmaster World (forum). Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  40. Cutts, Matt (May 16, 2006). "Indexing timeline". Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  41. Mayer, Marissa (May 16, 2007). "Universal search: The best answer is still the best answer". Official Google Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  42. Sullivan, Danny (May 16, 2007). "Google Launches "Universal Search" & Blended Results". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  43. Cutts, Matt (June 17, 2007). "SMX Seattle wrap-up". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  44. Schwartz, Barry (June 18, 2007). "Google "Buffy" Update - June Google.com Update". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  45. Schwartz, Barry (April 2, 2008). "Google's Cutts Asking for Feedback on March/April '08 Update (The "Dewey" Update)". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  46. Schwartz, Barry (March 5, 2009). "Google's Vince Update Produces Big Brand Rankings; Google Calls It A Trust "Change"". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  47. Cutts, Matt (February 15, 2009). "Learn about the Canonical Link Element in 5 minutes". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  48. Fishkin, Rand (February 13, 2009). "Canonical URL Tag - The Most Important Advancement in SEO Practices Since Sitemaps". SEOmoz. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  49. "Help test some next-generation infrastructure". Google Webmaster Central Blog. August 10, 2009. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  50. Parr, Ben (August 10, 2009). "Google Caffeine: A Detailed Test of the New Google". Mashable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  51. Siegler, MG (August 10, 2009). "Caffeine: It's Google On Red Bull, Or Something". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  52. Schoenfeld, Erick (December 28, 2009). "Google Is About To Get Caffeinated With A Faster Search Index". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  53. "Our new search index: Caffeine". Official Google Blog. June 8, 2010. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  54. Siegler, MG (June 8, 2010). "Caffeine: Google Finally Brews Its New Pot Of Web Results — 50% Fresher". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  55. Fox, Vanessa (June 8, 2010). "Google's New Indexing Infrastructure "Caffeine" Now Live". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  56. "Introducing Google Social Search: I finally found my friend's New York blog!". Official Google Blog. October 26, 2009. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  57. Heymans, Maureen (January 27, 2010). "Search is getting more social". Official Google Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  58. "Relevance meets the real-time web". Official Google Blog. December 7, 2009. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  59. Sullivan, Danny (December 7, 2009). "Google Launches Real Time Search Results". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  60. Fox, Vanessa (May 27, 2010). "Google Confirms "Mayday" Update Impacts Long Tail Traffic". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  61. Schwartz, Barry (May 30, 2010). "Video: Google's Matt Cutts On May Day Update". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  62. "Search: now faster than the speed of type". Official Google Blog. September 8, 2010. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  63. Tsotsis, Alexia (September 8, 2010). "Google Instant: It Searches Before You Type". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  64. "Google Instant, behind the scenes". Official Google Blog. September 9, 2010. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  65. "About Google Instant". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  66. Fishkin, Rand (September 21, 2010). "Google Instant: Fewer Changes to SEO than the Average Algo Update". SEOmoz. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  67. "Beyond Instant results: Instant Previews". Official Google Blog. November 9, 2010. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  68. Parr, Ben (November 9, 2010). "Google Now Lets You Preview Search Results Before You Click Them". Mashable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  69. Siegler, MG (November 9, 2010). "Google Instant Previews: Get Ready To Be 5% More Likely Satisfied With Google Search". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  70. Singhal, Amit (December 1, 2010). "Being bad to your customers is bad for business". Official Google Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  71. Segal, David (November 26, 2010). "A Bully Finds a Pulpit on the Web". New York Times. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  72. Sullivan, Danny (December 1, 2010). "What Social Signals Do Google & Bing Really Count?". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  73. Schwartz, Barry (December 20, 2010). "Google Webmaster Video Reconfirms Use Of Social Signals". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  74. "Social Signals as a Search Ranking Factor for SEO". 2014-12-01. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  75. "Overstock.com's Google Rankings - Too Good?". Google SEO News & Discussion Forum, Webmaster World. January 12, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  76. Efrati, Amir (February 24, 2011). "Google Penalizes Overstock for Search Tactics". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  77. Cutts, Matt (January 28, 2011). "Algorithm change launched". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  78. Harry, David (January 31, 2011). "It's all about attribution". Search News Central. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  79. Singhal, Amit; Cutts, Matt (February 24, 2011). "Finding more high-quality sites in search". Official Google Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  80. Levy, Steven (March 3, 2011). "TED 2011: The 'Panda' That Hates Farms: A Q&A With Google's Top Search Engineers". Wired Magazine. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  81. "How Google Panda & Places Updates Created A Rollercoaster Ride For IYP Traffic". Search Engine Land. November 21, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  82. "The +1 Button: Show appreciation for things you like on the web". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  83. Sullivan, Danny (March 30, 2011). "Meet +1: Google's Answer To The Facebook Like Button". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  84. Siegler, MG (March 30, 2011). "With +1, Google Search Goes Truly Social — As Do Google Ads". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  85. Singhal, Amit (April 11, 2011). "High-quality sites algorithm goes global, incorporates user feedback". Google Webmaster Central blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  86. Fox, Vanessa (April 11, 2011). "Panda 2.0: Google Rolls Out Panda Update Internationally & Incorporates Searcher Blocking Data". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  87. Sullivan, Danny (May 10, 2011). "It's Panda Update 2.1, Not Panda 3.0, Google Says". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  88. Schwartz, Barry (May 9, 2011). "Google Panda 3.0". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  89. Fox, Vanessa (June 2, 2011). "Schema.org: Google, Bing & Yahoo Unite To Make Search Listings Richer Through Structured Data". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  90. Guha, Ramanathan (June 2, 2011). "Introducing schema.org: Search engines come together for a richer web". Official Google Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  91. Empson, Rip (June 2, 2011). "Google, Yahoo, And Bing Collaborate On Structured Data To Make Search Listings Richer". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  92. Schwartz, Barry (June 21, 2011). "Official: Google Panda Update 2.2 Is Live". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  93. Sullivan, Danny (June 21, 2011). "Why Google Panda Is More A Ranking Factor Than Algorithm Update". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  94. Enge, Eric (July 12, 2011). "A Holistic Look at Panda with Vanessa Fox". Stone Temple. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  95. Schwartz, Barry (July 26, 2011). "Official: Google Panda 2.3 Update Is Live". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  96. Singhal, Amit (August 12, 2011). "High-quality sites algorithm launched in additional languages". Official Google Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  97. Fox, Vanessa (August 12, 2011). "Google Panda Update 2.4: Panda Goes International, In Most Languages". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  98. Rocha, Daniel (August 16, 2011). "The evolution of sitelinks: expanded and improved". Inside Search (the official Google Search blog). Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  99. Schwartz, Barry (August 16, 2011). "Official: Google Sitelinks Expands To 12 Pack". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  100. Li, Benjia; Kupke, Joachim (September 15, 2011). "Pagination with rel="next" and rel="prev"". Google Webmaster Central Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  101. Fox, Vanessa (September 15, 2011). "Google Provides New Options for Paginated Content". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  102. McGee, Matt (September 30, 2011). "Confirmed: Google Panda 2.5 Update Arrived This Week". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  103. Sullivan, Danny (October 1, 2011). "Google Panda 2.5: Losers Include Today Show, The Next Web; Winners Include YouTube, Fox News". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  104. Fox, Vanessa (October 19, 2011). "Panda Update 3.0 Live & Panda "Flux"". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  105. Kao, Evelyn (October 18, 2011). "Making search more secure". Official Google Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  106. Wheeler, Aaron (October 21, 2011). "Google Hides Search Referral Data with New SSL Implementation - Emergency Whiteboard Friday". SEOmoz. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  107. Singhal, Amit (November 3, 2011). "Giving you fresher, more recent search results". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  108. Schwartz, Barry (November 3, 2011). "Google Search Algorithm Change For Freshness To Impact 35% Of Searches; Twitter Firehose Remains Off". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  109. Perez, Sarah (November 3, 2011). "Google's New Algorithm Update Impacts 35% Of Searches". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  110. Perez, Sarah (November 7, 2011). "The Winners & Losers Of Google's Freshness Update Revealed". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  111. Cutts, Matt (November 14, 2011). "Ten recent algorithm changes". Inside Search: the Official Google Search blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  112. Schwartz, Barry (November 21, 2011). "Google Panda Update 3.1: "Minor" One Made Live On November 18th". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  113. Schwartz, Barry (November 21, 2011). "Google Panda 3.1 Update : 11/18". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  114. Nayak, Pandu (January 5, 2012). "30 search quality highlights (with codenames!): December". Inside Search: The official Google Search blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  115. Singhal, Amit (January 10, 2012). "Search, plus Your World". Official Google Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  116. Ulanoff, Lance (January 10, 2012). "Google Merges Search and Google+ Into Social Media Juggernaut". Mashable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  117. Sullivan, Danny (January 11, 2012). "Real-Life Examples Of How Google's "Search Plus" Pushes Google+ Over Relevancy". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  118. Sullivan, Danny (January 11, 2012). "Twitter Cries Foul Over Google "@WWE" Search, But Google Still Beats Bing". Marketing Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  119. Lardinois, Frederic (January 10, 2012). ""Search Plus Your World" Is Just About Google+, Not Your World". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  120. Kessler, Sarah (January 13, 2012). "Why Google's Social Search Is Too Much, Too Soon". Mashable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  121. Cutts, Matt (January 19, 2012). "Page layout algorithm improvement". Inside Search: The official Google Search blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  122. Singhal, Amit (February 27, 2012). "Search quality highlights: 40 changes for February". Inside Search: the Official Google Search blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  123. Ramsey, Mike (March 12, 2012). "Understand and Rock the Google Venice Update". SEOmoz. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  124. McGee, Matt (February 27, 2012). "Google Confirms Panda 3.3 Update, Plus Changes To How It Evaluates Links, Local Search Rankings & Much More". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  125. McGee, Matt (March 23, 2012). "Google Says Panda 3.4 Is 'Rolling Out Now'". Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  126. Schwartz, Barry (April 26, 2012). "Google Mocks Me For Missing Panda 3.5". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  127. Schwartz, Barry (May 3, 2012). "Confirmed: Panda Update 3.6 Happened On April 27th". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  128. Cutts, Matt (April 24, 2012). "Another step to reward high-quality sites". Inside Search: The official Google Search blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  129. Sullivan, Danny (April 26, 2012). "The Penguin Update: Google's Webspam Algorithm Gets Official Name". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  130. Sullivan, Danny (April 26, 2012). "Google Penguin Update Recovery Tips & Advice". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  131. Sullivan, Danny (May 10, 2012). "Two Weeks In, Google Talks Penguin Update, Ways To Recover & Negative SEO". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  132. Singhal, Amit (May 16, 2012). "Introducing the Knowledge Graph: things, not strings". The Official Google Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  133. Sullivan, Danny (May 16, 2012). "Google Launches Knowledge Graph To Provide Answers, Not Just Links". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  134. Lardinois, Frederic (May 16, 2012). "Google Just Got A Whole Lot Smarter, Launches Its Knowledge Graph". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  135. McGee, Matt (May 26, 2012). "Google Releases Penguin Update 2". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  136. Schwartz, Barry (June 11, 2012). "Confirmed: Google Panda 3.7 Update". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  137. Meyers, Peter (June 11, 2012). "The Bigfoot Update (AKA Dr. Pete Goes Crazy)". SEOmoz. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  138. Schwartz, Barry (June 25, 2012). "Official Google Panda Update Version 3.8 On June 25th". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  139. Schwartz, Barry (June 26, 2012). "Google Panda 3.8 Live: June 25th & Refresh Only". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  140. Schwartz, Barry (July 25, 2012). "Official: Google Panda 3.9 Refresh". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  141. Singhal, Amit (August 10, 2012). "An update to our search algorithms". Inside Search: The official Google Search blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  142. Sullivan, Danny (August 10, 2012). "The Pirate Update: Google Will Penalize Sites Repeatedly Accused Of Copyright Infringement". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  143. Schwartz, Barry (October 4, 2012). "20th Google Panda Algorithm Update: Fairly Major". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  144. Meyers, Peter (September 29, 2012). "Google's EMD Algo Update - Early Data". SEOmoz. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  145. Schwartz, Barry (September 28, 2012). "The EMD Update: Google Issues "Weather Report" Of Crack Down On Low Quality Exact Match Domains". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  146. McGee, Matt (October 5, 2012). "Google Penguin Update 3 Released, Impacts 0.3% Of English-Language Queries". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  147. Schwartz, Barry (October 8, 2012). "Google Released 3rd Penguin Update: Not Jarring Or Jolting". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  148. Brown, Aaron (December 4, 2012). "Get smarter answers from the Knowledge Graph from Português to 日本語 to русский". Inside Search: The official Google Search blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  149. Lardinois, Frederic (December 4, 2012). "Google's Knowledge Graph Expands To More Languages, Including Italian, French, Japanese And Russian". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  150. Schwartz, Barry (March 15, 2013). "Google's Final Manual Panda Refresh Here? #25". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  151. Schwartz, Barry (March 15, 2013). "Google Panda Update 25 Seems To Have Hit". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  152. Schwartz, Barry (June 11, 2013). "Google's Panda Dance: Matt Cutts Confirms Panda Rolls Out Monthly Over 10 Of 30 Days". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  153. Schwartz, Barry (May 22, 2013). "Penguin 4, With Penguin 2.0 Generation Spam-Fighting, Is Now Live". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  154. Meyers, Peter (May 24, 2013). "Penguin 2.0/4 - Were You Jarred and/or Jolted?". Moz. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  155. Nayak, Pandu (August 6, 2013). "In-depth articles in search results". Google Webmaster Central Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  156. Meyers, Peter (August 13, 2013). "Inside In-depth Articles: Dissecting Google's Latest Feature". Moz. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  157. Sullivan, Danny (September 26, 2013). "FAQ: All About The New Google "Hummingbird" Algorithm". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  158. Schwartz, Barry (August 23, 2013). "Some Reports Of An August 21/22 Google Update". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  159. Sullivan, Danny (October 4, 2013). "Penguin 5, With The Penguin 2.1 Spam-Filtering Algorithm, Is Now Live". Search Engine Land. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  160. Schwartz, Barry (October 7, 2013). "Google Penguin 2.1 Was A Big Hit". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  161. Freeman, Josh. "Payday Loans 2.0". Tide Interactive Group.
  162. Freeman, Josh. "Panda 4.0". Tide Interactive Group.
  163. Sullivan, Danny (July 3, 2014). "Head Of Google's Web Spam Team Matt Cutts Is Going On Leave. After 14 years with Google -- and 10 years heading up the web spam team -- veteran says time for a break". Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  164. "Will He Ever Return? Head Of Google's Web Spam Team Matt Cutts Extends Leave Into 2015. 14 year veteran of Google says web spam fighting has been running fine since he took leave in July". Search Engine Land. October 31, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  165. Schwartz, Barry (July 24, 2014). "Google "Pigeon" Updates Local Search Algorithm With Stronger Ties To Web Search Signal". Search Engine Land. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  166. Blumenthal, Mike (July 25, 2014). "Google Updates Local Algo with More Web Based Signals – Turmoil in SERPS". Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  167. "HTTPS as a ranking signal". Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  168. Mueller, John (August 28, 2014). "Authorship removal". Google Plus. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  169. "Google Authorship Ends". www.webtechshare.com. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
  170. Enge, Eric (August 28, 2014). "It's Over: The Rise & Fall Of Google Authorship For Search Results. Google has completely dropped all authorship functionality from the search results and webmaster tools". Search Engine Land. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  171. "Panda update rolling out". Google Plus. September 25, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  172. Sullivan, Danny (September 25, 2014). "Panda 4.1 — Google's 27th Panda Update — Is Rolling Out". Search Engine Land. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  173. Gabe, Glenn (September 29, 2014). "Panda 4.1 Analysis and Findings – Affiliate Marketing, Keyword Stuffing, Security Warnings, and Deception Prevalent". Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  174. Bachynski, Josh (December 5, 2014). "Panda 4.1 Google Leaked Dos and Don'ts - Whiteboard Friday". Moz. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  175. Dholakiya, Pratik. "What You Need to Know About Google's Penguin 3.0". www.entrepreneur.com. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  176. Sullivan, Danny. "After More Than Two Years, Google Finally Releasing New "Pirate Update" To Fight Piracy". www.searchengineland.com. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  177. "Google Pirate Update Analysis and Loser List". SearchmMetrics. October 26, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  178. Ernesto (October 23, 2014). "Google's New Search Downranking Hits Torrent Sites Hard". Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  179. Schwartz, Barry (December 10, 2014). "Google Says Penguin To Shift To "Continuous Updates". Google To Continuously "Optimize" The Penguin Algorithm As It Goes". Search Engine Land. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  180. Schwartz, Barry (December 22, 2014). "Google Pigeon Update Rolls Out To UK, Canada & Australia. Google's new local ranking algorithm that launched in the US earlier this year has rolled out to the UK, Canada and Australia". Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  181. Schwartz, Barry (February 5, 2015). "Significant Google Search Algorithm Update Yesterday". Search Engine Roundtable. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  182. Schwartz, Barry (January 19, 2015). "Google Sending Mobile Usability Warnings To Huge Number Of Webmasters. Google sending notifications to webmasters with sites that are not mobile friendly. Is this a sign of a new mobile algorithm coming soon?". Search Engine Land. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  183. Makino, Takaki; Jung, Chaesang; Phan, Doantam (February 26, 2015). "Finding more mobile-friendly search results". Google Webmaster Central. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  184. Schwartz, Barry (February 26, 2015). "New Google "Mobile Friendly" Algorithm To Reward Sites Beginning April 21. Google's mobile ranking algorithm will officially include mobile-friendly usability factors and app indexing. Making sure your site is mobile-friendly is now more important than ever". Search Engine Land. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  185. O'Donnell, Jody; Scott, Laura (April 10, 2015). "Google's Mobile Algorithm Update is Coming April 21. Are you Prepared?". RKGBlog. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  186. Slegg, Jennifer (July 17, 2015). "Google Panda Update: Everything We Know About Panda 4.2". The SEM Post. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  187. Schwartz, Barry (July 17, 2015). "Google Panda 4.2 Is Here; Slowly Rolling Out After Waiting Almost 10 Months. Google says a Panda refresh began this weekend but will take months to fully roll out". Search Engine Land. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  188. "Did Google Reverse The Panda 4.2 Update?". September 1, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  189. Clark, Jack (October 26, 2015). "Google Turning Its Lucrative Web Search Over to AI Machines". Bloomberg News. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  190. Rampton, John (June 4, 2016). "Artificial intelligence is changing SEO faster than you think". Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  191. Hardy, Quentin (February 3, 2016). "Amit Singhal, an Influential Engineer at Google, Will Retire". The New York Times. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  192. Schwartz, Barry (February 3, 2016). "Amit Singhal, The Head Of Google Search, To Leave The Company For Philanthropic Purposes. After 15 years, Google's head of search, Amit Singhal, is leaving the company". Search Engine Land. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  193. Kim, Larry (February 24, 2016). "Google's New SERP Layout: The Biggest Winners & Losers. What has been the impact of Google's new desktop ad layout thus far? Columnist Larry Kim uses data to show who has benefited and who has suffered from the change". Search Engine Land. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  194. Meyers, Peter J. (February 19, 2016). "Four Ads on Top: The Wait Is Over". Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  195. Kim, Larry (February 23, 2016). "Google Kills Off Side Ads: What You Need to Know". WordStream. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  196. Sagin, Erin (March 10, 2016). "3 Weeks After Google Killed Side Ads, Here Are 5 More Takeaways". WordStream. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  197. "Continuing to make the web more mobile friendly". Google Webmaster Central Blog. March 16, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  198. Schwartz, Barry (May 12, 2016). "Google's mobile-friendly algorithm boost has rolled out. The new Google mobile-friendly algorithm is supposed to give an additional ranking boost for mobile-friendly websites in the mobile search results". Search Engine Land. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  199. "May 2022 core update releasing for Google Search". Google Search Central. May 25, 2022. Archived from the original on July 16, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  200. Larkin, Kayle (July 11, 2022). "Google's May 2022 Core Update: What's the Impact So Far?". searchenginejournal.com. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  201. Schwartz, Barry (2022-09-09). "Google helpful content update is now done rolling out". Search Engine Land. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  202. "Google Search's Core Updates | Google Search Central | What's new". Google for Developers. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  203. "Google Search Status Dashboard". status.search.google.com. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  204. "September 2022 Core Update Impact". Semrush Blog. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  205. "Google Search Status Dashboard". status.search.google.com. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  206. "Google Search Status Dashboard". status.search.google.com. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  207. Ray, Lily (2023-09-12). "Google August 2023 Core Update: Winners, Losers & Analysis". Amsive. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  208. Montti, Roger (2023-09-14). "Google September 2023 Helpful Content Update - Changes To The Algorithm". Search Engine Journal. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  209. "Google Search Status Dashboard". status.search.google.com. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  210. Schwartz, Barry (2023-10-19). "Google October 2023 Core Update rollout is now complete". Search Engine Land. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.