Jeongye Daewongun

Jeongye Daewongun (Hangul: 전계대원군; Hanja: 全溪大院君; 21 March 1785 – 2 November 1841; lit.'Grand Internal Prince Jeongye') was a member of the Korean Joseon dynasty as the biological father of King Cheoljong of Joseon. His personal name was Yi Gwang (hangul: 이광; hanja: 李㼅), but he was also known as Kwae-deuk (hangul: 쾌득; hanja: 快得) or Hae-dong (hangul: 해동; hanja: 海東).[1]

Yi Gwang
이광
Grand Internal Prince of Joseon
PredecessorGrand Internal Prince Deokheung
SuccessorGrand Internal Prince Heungseon
BornYi Gwang
(1785-03-21)21 March 1785
Died2 November 1841(1841-11-02) (aged 56)
SpouseLady Choe
Lady Yeom
Lady Yi
IssuePrince Hoepyeong
Prince Yeongpyeong
Cheoljong of Joseon
FatherPrince Euneon
MotherPrincess Consort Jeonsan of the Jeonju Yi clan

Early life

Yi Gwang was born on March 21, 1785, in Ganghwa-do. His birth name was Kwae-deuk, which later changed to Hae-dong and after some years to Gwang.

He was one of several illegitimate sons of Prince Euneon and the second of two sons of Lady Yi of the Jeonsan Yi clan. His older full-brother had an early death.

His legitimate eldest half-brother was Prince Sanggye, also known as Crown Prince Wanpung, who was an adopted son of Jeongjo of Joseon and heir to the throne for a short time, in 1779.

His father, Prince Euneon, was an illegitimate son of Crown Prince Sado by his concubine, Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Buan Im clan; Sado himself was an illegitimate son of King Yeongjo of Joseon. This made Jeongye the half-nephew of King Jeongjo, but during his life, he did not receive the treatment of a member of the Royal Family.

In 1801, Prince Euneon was executed after his legitimate wife, Princess Consort Sangsan of the Jincheon Song clan and his daughter-in-law, Princess Consort Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (the wife of Prince Sanggye), had been baptized into the Roman Catholic Church. The Joseon Dynasty's state religion was Neo-Confucianism, so Princess Sangsan, Prince Euneon and Princess Shin were executed for treason.

Some of Prince Euneon's sons, including Yi Gwang, were exiled on Ganghwa Island where they lived as poor farmers, but in 1822 the family received a special pardon from King Sunjo.[2]

On November 2, 1841, Grand Internal Prince Jeongye died at his home in Gyeonghaeng, Hanseong, at the age of 56. The cause of death is unknown.

After death

In August 1841, the Noron faction plotted a coup d'état in order to crown Yi Won-gyeong, Yi Gwang's eldest child and only legitimate son as the new King. However, the plot was detected, which led to the execution of Yi Won-gyeong. The sole survivors were Yi Gwang's two illegitimate sons, Yi Gyeong-eung and Yi Won-beom, who were again exiled to Ganghwa-do.

In 1849, his son, Yi Won-beom, born to a concubine named Lady Yeom, became the new monarch of Joseon as King Cheoljong. The title Daewongun was posthumously conferred on Prince Jeongye, making his full name Jeongye Daewongun.

His tomb was originally in Jingwan, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, northwest of his father, Prince Euneon's grave, but it was moved to Yeoju, and in August 1851, to Seondan-ri, Pocheon-eup, near Wangbang Mountain.

Family

Ancestry

References

  1. 전계대원군 신도비, 경기도 포천시 선단동 산11번지 해룡산 임좌, 37° 51′ 52.32″ N, 127° 9′ 17.69″ E
  2. 전계대원군신도비(全溪大院君神道碑) 해석문 (in Korean)
  3. Elevated to Budaebuin (Hangul: 부대부인, Hanja: 府大夫人, i.e. Grand Internal Princess Consort), on the ascension of her son to the throne.

Further reading

  • Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed. ISBN 89-445-9101-6.
  • Cummings, Bruce. (1997). Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History. New York. ISBN 0-393-04011-9
  • 완양부대부인 묘비 탁본 (in Korean)
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