Great Sumatran fault

The Indonesian island of Sumatra is located in a highly seismic area of the world. In addition to the subduction zone off the west coast of the island, Sumatra also has a large strike-slip fault, the Great Sumatran Fault also known as Semangko Fault, running the entire length of the island. This fault zone accommodates most of the strike-slip motion associated with the oblique convergence between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates.[1] The fault ends in the north just below the city of Banda Aceh, which was devastated in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. After the December 2004 earthquake, pressure on the Great Sumatran Fault has increased tremendously, especially in the north.

Great Sumatran Fault
Semangko Fault
LocationSumatra
CountryIndonesia
Characteristics
Length~1650-1900km
Tectonics
PlateAustralian Plate, Eurasian Plate
Earthquakes24 June 1933, 19 Sept 1936, 1943 Alahan Panjang earthquake, 2 April 1964, 1994 Liwa earthquake, March 2007 Sumatra earthquakes
Typestrike-slip fault

Geologic significance

The Great Sumatran Fault is part of the system where strain partitioning was first described in plate tectonics.[2] The convergence between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Sunda Plate is not perpendicular to the plate boundary in this region. Instead, the two plates move at an oblique angle. Most of the convergent strain is accommodated by thrust motion at the plate boundary "megathrust" fault that defines the Sunda Trench. But the oblique motion (the part of the plate motion parallel to the plate boundary) is accommodated by the Great Sumatran Fault, which runs along the volcanic Sunda Arc.

The area between the main plate boundary thrust fault and the Great Sumatran fault forms a "sliver plate" that includes the entire offshore forearc, forearc islands, and the portion of Sumatra west of the Great Sumatran Fault. This sliver plate is not a single rigid bloc, and the details of its internal deformation are under active investigation.[3]

Earthquakes

Listed from northwest to southeast:

See also

References
  1. Sieh, K.; Natawidjaja, D. (2000), "Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia" (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Wiley, 105 (B12): 28, 295–28, 326, Bibcode:2000JGR...10528295S, doi:10.1029/2000jb900120
  2. Fitch, Thomas (1972). "Plate Convergence, Transcurrent Faults, and Internal Deformation Adjacent to Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific". Journal of Geophysical Research. 77 (23): 4432–4460. Bibcode:1972JGR....77.4432F. doi:10.1029/jb077i023p04432. hdl:2060/19720023718.
  3. Bradley, Kyle (2016). "Implications of the diffuse deformation of the Indian Ocean lithosphere for slip partitioning of oblique plate convergence in Sumatra". Journal of Geophysical Research. 121 (1): 572–591. Bibcode:2017JGRB..122..572B. doi:10.1002/2016JB013549.
  4. "M 7.0 - 5 km NE of Banda Aceh, Indonesia". USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  5. "M 7.2 - 90 km WSW of Pangkalan Brandan, Indonesia". USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  6. "M 6.4 - southern Sumatra, Indonesia". USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  7. "M 6.2 - 66 km NNW of Bukittinggi, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  8. Viola Rahma Hafifah (25 February 2022). "Nagari Kajai Dilaporkan Terparah Akibat Gempa Pasaman, BPBD Minta Bantuan Medis". Padang Harian Haluan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  9. "Gempa di Pasaman dan Pasaman Barat, 6 meninggal termasuk 2 anak-anak, 20 luka-luka - apa yang sejauh ini kita ketahui?". BBC News Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2022-02-25. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  10. "Jejak Gempa di Aceh dan Sekitarnya". Tempo.co. Archived from the original on 2019-05-17. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  11. "M 6.8 - 5 km ENE of Sungai Penuh, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  12. "M 7.6 - 54 km SW of Kotabumi, Indonesia". USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Retrieved 1 February 2022.

Further reading
  • Rafie, Muhammad Taufiq; Sahara, David P.; Cummins, Phil R.; Triyoso, Wahyu; Widiyantoro, Sri (2023). "Stress accumulation and earthquake activity on the Great Sumatran Fault, Indonesia". Natural Hazards. 116 (3): 3401–3425. doi:10.1007/s11069-023-05816-2. ISSN 0921-030X.


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