Gresik Regency
Gresik Regency (older spelling: Grissee, Javanese: ꦒꦽꦱꦶꦏ꧀) is a regency within East Java Province of Indonesia. As well as a large part of the northern and western suburbs of the city of Surabaya, it includes the offshore Bawean Island, some 125 km to the north of Java and Madura. The regency covers and an area of 1,193.76 km2, and it had an population of 1,177,042 at the 2010 Census[2] and 1,311,215 at the 2020 Census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 1,332,664.[1] The regency's administrative centre is the town of Gresik, about 25 km to the northwest of Surabaya. Gresik Regency (excluding Bawean Island) is also part of Gerbangkertosusila, the metropolitan region of Surabaya.
Gresik Regency
Kabupaten Gresik | |
|---|---|
| Regional transcription(s) | |
| • Javanese | ꦒꦽꦱꦶꦏ꧀ |
| • Pegon | ڮرٓسيك |
 Port of Petrokimia Gresik and Gresik settlements | |
 Seal | |
| Motto(s): Satya Bina Kertaharja (Firm on building the well-being) | |
 Location within East Java | |
Interactive map outlining Gresik Regency | |
| Coordinates: 7°9′14″S 112°39′22″E | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Province | East Java |
| Capital | Gresik |
| Government | |
| • Regent | H. Fandi Akhmad Yani S.E. |
| • Vice Regent | Aminatun Habibah |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,193.76 km2 (460.91 sq mi) |
| Population (mid 2022 estimate)[1] | |
| • Total | 1,332,664 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (IWST) |
| Area code | (+62) 31 |
| Website | gresikkab.go.id |
Etymology
Thomas Stamford Raffles in his book, The History of Java, reveals that the name of Gresik comes from the word Giri Gisik, which means "mountain near the coast", referring to the hilly topography of the Gresik town center near the coast.[4]
History
Since the 11th century, Gresik has become an international trade center visited by many nations such as, Chinese, Arabs, Champa, and Gujarat. Gresik Regency is also the first entry point for Islam in Java, which among others is marked by the existence of ancient Islamic tombs from Sheikh Maulana Malik Ibrahim and Fatimah bint Maimun.[5] Gresik has become one of the main ports and trade cities that are quite important since the 14th century, as well as being a haven for ships from Maluku to Sumatra and mainland Asia (including India and Persia). This continued until the VOC era.[6]
The port of Gresik-Djaratan has functioned as an important commercial center since the eleventh century, trading with merchants from as far away as China, India, and Arabia. Some of these traders helped spread Islam in the area. In 1487 Sunan Giri, also known as Sultan Ainul Yaqin, began to rule Gresik. In his 1515 book, Suma Oriental, the Portuguese apothecary and traveller Tomé Pires described Gresik as "the jewel of Java in trading ports".[7] Sunan Giri's descendants ruled the area for the following two centuries.
Initially the Gresik region was part of the Surabaya Regency. In 1974, the Central Government issued PP No. 38 of 1974. All government activities began to be gradually transferred to Gresik and the name changed to Gresik Regency with a center of activity in Gresik town. Also in 1974 the Indonesian government made Gresik, now a suburb of Surabaya, part of Gerbangkertosusila Metropolitan Area, official metropolitan region by Government.[6]
21st-century Gresik
The town of Gresik has a reputation for its many coffee shops, called warkop (from warung kopi). In 2002, Petrokimia Putra (owned by PT Petrokimia Gresik), a soccer club from Gresik, has one national league title.
Administration
The Gresik Regency is divided into eighteen administrative districts (kecamatan). The districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census[2] and the 2020 census,[3] together with the official estimates as at mid 2022.[1] The mid 2022 estimates have been revised downwards from 1,332,664 to 1,291,538 (comprising 648,861 males and 642,657 females); this reduction was notably in the districts immediately adjoining Surabaya. The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 330 rural desa and 26 urban kelurahan), and its post code.
| Name of District (kecamatan) | Area in km2 | Pop'n census 2010 | Pop'n census 2020 | Pop'n estimate mid 2022 | No. of villages | Post code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wringinanom | 62.62 | 65,411 | 72,845 | 72,308 | 16 | 61176 |
| Driyorejo | 51.29 | 120,149 | 122,743 | 103,718 | 16 | 61177 |
| Kedamean | 65.95 | 55,715 | 61,221 | 63,138 | 15 | 61175 |
| Menganti | 68.73 | 119,278 | 144,028 | 126,806 | 22 | 61174 |
| Cerme | 71.73 | 69,217 | 81,215 | 81,093 | 25 | 61171 |
| Benjeng | 61.26 | 57,336 | 62,845 | 65,424 | 23 | 61172 |
| Balongpanggang | 63.88 | 49,035 | 53,689 | 56,340 | 25 | 61173 |
| Duduksampeyan | 74.29 | 43,783 | 47,058 | 49,407 | 23 | 61162 |
| Kebomas | 30.16 | 106,259 | 118,589 | 111,531 | 21 (a) | 61121 -61124 |
| Gresik | 5.54 | 76,594 | 76,347 | 80,136 | 21 (b) | 61111 -61119 |
| Manyar | 97.70 | 109,949 | 119,338 | 117,475 | 23 | 61151 |
| Bungah | 79.84 | 57,689 | 65,298 | 67,983 | 22 | 61152 |
| Sidayu | 47.13 | 40,650 | 43,492 | 43,594 | 21 | 61153 |
| Dukun | 59.08 | 54,384 | 62,738 | 65,618 | 26 | 61155 |
| Panceng | 62.77 | 39,535 | 50,525 | 52,340 | 14 | 61156 |
| Ujungpangkah | 94.82 | 41,828 | 48,955 | 51,720 | 13 | 61154 |
| Sangkapura (c) | 118.27 | 45,755 | 50,612 | 52,732 | 17 | 61181 |
| Tambak (c) | 78.70 | 24,475 | 29,677 | 30,155 | 13 | 61182 |
| Totals | 1,193.76 | 1,177,042 | 1,311,215 | 1,291,518 | 356 | |
Notes: (a) comprising 10 kelurahan and 11 desa. (b) comprising 16 kelurahan and 5 desa.
(c) Sangkapura and Tambak districts together constitute the island of Bawean, lying to the north of Madura but administratively a part of Gresik Regency.
Industry
A large number of industries have established themselves in Gresik, mainly supporting agriculture and agricultural machinery. A lot of home-based industry exists, making caps (songkoks), bags, etc.
One of the largest factories in Gresik are Semen Gresik (Gresik Portland Cement) and Petrokimia Gresik. Semen Gresik, the largest cement factory in Indonesia, supplies 41% of the Indonesian market; while Petrokimia Gresik, the most complete fertilizer producer in Indonesia, supplies 50% of national subsidized fertilizers.
Climate
Gresik has 44-88% of humidity. The maximum humidity is 88% and the average humidity is 58%. The wind velocity of Gresik is within the range of 0–18 km/hour. The maximum wind velocity is 18 km/hour and the average is 12.6 km/hour. The temperature of this city is within the range of 23 °C-35 °C with the average temperature is 28.5 °C.
| Climate data for Gresik, Gresik Regency (elevation 10 m or 33 ft) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.7 (87.3) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31 (88) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.4 (90.3) |
33.2 (91.8) |
33.1 (91.6) |
31.4 (88.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27 (81) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
28.6 (83.5) |
28.7 (83.7) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 23.8 (74.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.7 (72.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.3 (74.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 300 (11.8) |
267 (10.5) |
263 (10.4) |
169 (6.7) |
123 (4.8) |
63 (2.5) |
37 (1.5) |
18 (0.7) |
23 (0.9) |
52 (2.0) |
129 (5.1) |
242 (9.5) |
1,686 (66.4) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82.3 | 82.8 | 83.2 | 80.1 | 79 | 76 | 73.4 | 70.5 | 68.7 | 68.7 | 73 | 79.3 | 76.4 |
| Source 1: Climate-Data.org (temp & precip)[8] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weatherbase (humidity)[9] | |||||||||||||
References
- Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, Kabupaten Gresik Dalam Angka 2023 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3525)
- Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
- Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- Raffles, Thomas Stamford (1817). The History of Java: In Two Volumes. Black, Parbury, and Allen : and John Murray.
- Buku Potensi Pariwisata dan Produk Unggulan Jawa Timur, 2009
- "Pemerintah Kabupaten Gresik - Sejarah". gresikkab.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-03-25.
- Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300 (2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. p. 39. ISBN 0-333-57689-6.
- "Climate: Gresik, Gresik Regency". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
- "Gresik, Indonesia". Weatherbase. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
Further reading
- Raffles, Thomas Stamford (1817). The History of Java. Vol. 1. Munich: Quarterly Review source from Bavarian State Library.
- Turner, Peter (1997). Java (1st ed.). Melbourne: Lonely Planet. p. 341. ISBN 0-86442-314-4.
External links
