HLA-DQ5

HLA-DQ5 (DQ5) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype subgroup within HLA-DQ(DQ) serotypes. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of β5.x subset of DQ β-chains. The β-chain of DQ is encoded by HLA-DQB1 locus and DQ5 are encoded by the HLA-DQB1*05 allele group. This group currently contains 4 common alleles, DQB1*0501, *0502, *0503, and *0504. HLA-DQ5 and HLA-DQB1*05 are almost synonymous in meaning. DQ5 β-chains combine with α-chains, encoded by genetically linked HLA-DQA1 alleles, to form the cis-haplotype isoforms. These isoforms, are all HLA-DQ1 encoded by the DQA1*01 allele group.

HLA-DQ5
Illustration of HLA-DQ with gliadin peptide in the binding pocket.
Polymer typeMHC Class II, DQ cell surface antigen
Cis-haplotype Haplotype
isoform subtype DQA1 DQB1
DQ α1.1β5.1 DQ5.1 *0101 *0501
DQ α1.2β5.2 DQ5.2 *0102 *0502
DQ α1.4β5.3 DQ5.3 *0104 *0503

Serology
DQ5, DQ1, and DQ6 recognition
of some DQB1* alleles [1]
DQB1*DQ5 DQ1DQ6Sample
allele % % %size (N)
*0501692025536
*0502482415919
*0503582241327
*05045917248
Red indicates the level of 'false' reaction in non-DQ5 serotypes

The efficiency of DQ1 recognition relative to DQ5 and DQ6 is listed above. Since DQ1 recognizes alpha, the DQ5 and DQ6 recognition are to beta chain. Meaning that DQ1 is corecognized with DQ5 and DQ6. Efficient recognition of a genotyped allele approaches 100%. Compared to DQ2 serotyping of DQB1*0201 positive individuals (98%), the efficiency of DQ5 recognition is relatively low and error prone.

While DQ5 recognizes DQB1*05 alleles more efficiently than DQ1, the serotyping is rather poor method of typing for transplantation or disease association prediction or study.

Disease associations

By serotype

DQ5 is negatively associated with (protective against) idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Polish children,[2] and adrenocortical failure (Addison's disease).[3]

A study on the relationship between HLA-DR, DQ antigen, and intracranial aneurysm in the Han nationality show DQ5 more likely,[4] AIDP type of Guillain Barré syndrome,[5] and irritable bowel disease [6] but not crohn's disease in the same (Jewish) population. Other studies show DQ5 is associated with extra-intestinal manifestations of Crohn's.[7]

DQ5 appears to be associated with analgesic intolerance.[8]

By haplotype

MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis HLA-DR14-DQ5,[9] probably DRB1*1402 : DQA1*0104 : DQB1*0503 (DR14-DQ5). DR1-DQ5 is associated with sensitivity to acid anhydrides.[10]

References
  1. derived from IMGT/HLA
  2. Krasowska-Kwiecień A, Sancewicz-Pach K, Moczulska A (2006). "Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Polish children - its variants and associations with HLA". Pediatr. Nephrol. 21 (12): 1837–46. doi:10.1007/s00467-006-0271-7. PMID 16967287. S2CID 23739129.
  3. Myhre AG, Undlien DE, Løvås K, et al. (2002). "Autoimmune adrenocortical failure in Norway autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen class II associations related to clinical features". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (2): 618–23. doi:10.1210/jc.87.2.618. PMID 11836294.
  4. Wang JF, Zhang D, Zhao JZ, Jia BX, Bi RM (2006). "A study on the relationship between HLA-DR, DQ antigen, and intracranial aneurysm in the Han nationality". Surgical Neurology. 66 Suppl 1: S25–8, discussion S28–9. doi:10.1016/j.surneu.2006.06.048. PMID 16904993.
  5. Guo L, Wang W, Li C, Liu R, Wang G (2002). "[The association between HLA typing and different subtypes of Guillain Barré syndrome]". Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi (in Chinese). 41 (6): 381–3. PMID 12137599.
  6. Trachtenberg EA, Yang H, Hayes E, et al. (2000). "HLA class II haplotype associations with inflammatory bowel disease in Jewish (Ashkenazi) and non-Jewish caucasian populations". Hum. Immunol. 61 (3): 326–33. doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(99)00134-2. PMC 4524574. PMID 10689124.
  7. Hesresbach D, Alizadeh M, Bretagne JF, et al. (1996). "Investigation of the association of major histocompatibility complex genes, including HLA class I, class II and TAP genes, with clinical forms of Crohn's disease". Eur. J. Immunogenet. 23 (2): 141–51. doi:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00275.x. PMID 8732477. S2CID 32885468.
  8. Kalyoncu AF, Karakaya G, Yilmaz E, Balci B, Karaduman A, Yasavul U (2003). "Analgesic intolerance with or without bronchial asthma: is there a marker?". Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology. 13 (3): 162–9. PMID 14635465.
  9. Niks EH, Kuks JB, Roep BO, et al. (2006). "Strong association of MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis and HLA-DR14-DQ5". Neurology. 66 (11): 1772–4. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000218159.79769.5c. PMID 16769963. S2CID 41206495.
  10. Jones MG, Nielsen J, Welch J, et al. (2004). "Association of HLA-DQ5 and HLA-DR1 with sensitization to organic acid anhydrides". Clin. Exp. Allergy. 34 (5): 812–6. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1956.x. PMID 15144476. S2CID 7864063.
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