Hajipur

Hajipur (/ˈhɑːɪpʊər/ HAH-jip-oor,[8] Hindi: [ˈɦaːdʒiːpʊr] ) is the headquarters and largest city of Vaishali district of the state of Bihar in India. Hajipur is the 16th most populous city of Bihar, besides being the second-fastest developing city, next to Patna. It had a total population of 1.47 lakh as per census 2011.[9] Vaishali district is ranked 8th among 38 districts in Bihar in terms of growth.[10][11]

Hajipur
Anticlockwise, from top: Hajipur Railway Station, Institute of Hotel Management, River Gandak—Old Gandak Bridge, Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Shri Yantra Mandir, Mall, East Central Railway Office.
Anticlockwise, from top: Hajipur Railway Station, Institute of Hotel Management, River Gandak—Old Gandak Bridge, Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Shri Yantra Mandir, Mall, East Central Railway Office.
Nickname: 
Gateway to North Bihar[1]
Map of Hajipur city
Hajipur is located in Bihar
Hajipur
Hajipur
Location in Bihar
Hajipur is located in India
Hajipur
Hajipur
Location in India
Coordinates: 25°41′33″N 85°12′30″E
Country India
State Bihar
DivisionTirhut
DistrictVaishali
First settled1350 AD
Named forHaji Ilyas Shah
Government
  TypeMayor—Council
  BodyHajipur Municipal Council[2]
  MayorSangeeta Kumari [3]
  MLAAwadhesh Singh
  MPPashupati Kumar Paras
Area
  City19.64 km2 (7.58 sq mi)
  Rural
137.27 km2 (53.00 sq mi)
Elevation46 m (151 ft)
Population
 (2011)[5]
  City147,688
  RankBR: 16th
  Density7,500/km2 (19,000/sq mi)
  Rural
296,288
DemonymHajipurian
Language(s)
  OfficialHindi[6]
  Additional officialUrdu[6]
  RegionalBajjika[7]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Pincode(s)
844101–3
Area code+91—(0)6224
ISO 3166 codeIN-BR
Vehicle registrationBR-31
Literacy[4] (2011)76.80%
Sex ratio[4] (2011)892 / 1000
Lok Sabha constituency21. Hajipur (SC)
Vidhan Sabha constituencyHajipur (123)
ClimateCsa (Köppen)
Precipitation993 millimetres (39.1 in)
Avg. annual temperature25.8 °C (78.4 °F)
Websitevaishali.nic.in

The city is known for cultivating Bananas.[12] Patna, is only 10 km (6.2 mi) from Hajipur, with the cities separated by the Ganges river. The metropolitan region of Patna comprises the Patna Regional Development Authority (PRDA) area includes Hajipur under Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation.[13][14][15] Mahatma Gandhi Setu, one of the longest bridges in the world at 5.75 kilometres (3.57 mi) links Hajipur to Patna.[16][17] After Patna, it is the fastest-developing city in Bihar, primarily because of its proximity to Patna. Hajipur lies on the north bank of the Ganga while Patna lies on the south, the Gandhi Setu bridge connects both cities. Another bridge, the Digha–Sonpur Bridge,[18][19] which crosses the Ganga north-west of Patna, narrows the distance between Hajipur and Patna. There have been plans to expand Patna to Greater Patna, which would entail absorbing Hajipur and other surrounding towns.[20][21]

The area of Hajipur city is spread across 19.64 km2 (7.58 sq mi). The city is divided into 39 Wards. Hajipur is the only twin city of Patna and lies nearest to the capital and shares most of its government works, headquarters, educational institutions. Being another district headquarters, it is equal to the capital in terms of powers.[22][23]

Etymology

The founder of Hajipur, Haji Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah's tomb is now called as Haji-Pir and the name of the headquarters of Vaishali district, "Hajipur" emerged from the same word.[24][4][25]

History

In ancient times, Hajipur was known as Ukkacala[26] and was the first village after crossing the Ganga at Patna. The village of Hajipur gained significance, as it was the venue of one of the discourses given by Buddha. Buddha preached the Cula Gopalaka Sutta, a Middle Length Discourse, here. Along with that, it is also of interest because a portion of Ananda's ashes were enshrined in the town. Ananda, the closest disciple of Buddha, acted as the Buddha's attendant for twenty years and outlived him by several decades.[27][25] Hajipur is also known for the land of Amrapali.[28]

In British India, Hajipur was a small town in the Muzaffarpur district situated on the confluence of the Ganges and Gandak. Hajipur features conspicuously in the history of struggles between Emperor Akbar and the rebellious Afghan Karrani rulers of Bengal, being twice besieged and captured by the imperial troops, in 1572 and 1574.[29] In 1912 Bihar and Orissa was divided from the Presidency of Bengal. After independence the city of Hajipur came under state of Bihar which was formed on the linguistic basis.[4][21]

Geography and climate

Hajipur is the headquarters of Vaishali after its separation from Muzaffarpur district on 12 October 1972. It is located at 25.69°N 85.22°E / 25.69; 85.22.[30] It has an average elevation of 46 metres (150 ft). Hajipur is located 10 km from Patna, transversely on the sacred river Ganga and is budding as one of the foremost profit-making and manufacturing region of the state.[31][21]

Gandak River

Hajipur city is bounded by the Gandak river in the west and the holy Ganges in the south. A good network of rail, road, and water transport exists in the city, connecting it with other parts of the district as well as state and country. Mahatma Gandhi Setu (5,575 m long, prestressed box culvert type RCC bridge) over river Ganges connects it with Patna,[32] the state capital, while another rail and road bridge over Gandak connects it with Sonepur.[33]

Hajipur subdivision became home to the Salim Ali—Jubba Sahni Bird Sanctuary[34](Baraila Lake), which has an area of 2 km2 (0.8 sq mi), established in 1997.[35]

Climate

The plain terrain of the city and its nearby area is famous for banana, litchi, and mango plantations. The region looks green with plants and trees growing in a semi-tropical monsoon climate. However, the months of May–June is hot, and December–January is cold.[36]

Köppen and Geiger classifies the location as Csa. The average temperature is 25.8 °C; the hottest month being May with an average temperature of 32.2 °C and the coldest month being January with an average temperature of 17.1 °C. The average temperatures vary by 15.1 °C in a year. The average annual rainfall is 993 mm. The driest month is December, with an average precipitation of 3 mm and the wettest month is July with an average precipitation of 266 mm.[37]

The table below details historical monthly averages for climate variables—

Climate data for Hajipur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 23.6
(74.5)
26.3
(79.3)
32.8
(91.0)
33.8
(92.8)
38.6
(101.5)
36.4
(97.5)
32.8
(91.0)
32.2
(90.0)
32.2
(90.0)
31.8
(89.2)
28.8
(83.8)
24.9
(76.8)
31.2
(88.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 17.1
(62.8)
19.6
(67.3)
25.4
(77.7)
28.3
(82.9)
32.2
(90.0)
31.6
(88.9)
29.6
(85.3)
29.4
(84.9)
29.1
(84.4)
27.2
(81.0)
22.2
(72.0)
18.1
(64.6)
25.8
(78.5)
Average low °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3)
13.0
(55.4)
18.1
(64.6)
22.9
(73.2)
25.9
(78.6)
26.9
(80.4)
26.5
(79.7)
26.6
(79.9)
26.1
(79.0)
22.7
(72.9)
15.7
(60.3)
11.4
(52.5)
20.5
(69.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 15
(0.6)
6
(0.2)
5
(0.2)
8
(0.3)
27
(1.1)
137
(5.4)
266
(10.5)
259
(10.2)
195
(7.7)
66
(2.6)
6
(0.2)
3
(0.1)
993
(39.1)
Source: Climate table (average high and low) and average precipitation[37]

Demographics, languages, and religion

Historical population
YearPop.±%
190121,398    
191119,233−10.1%
192116,760−12.9%
193119,299+15.1%
194121,963+13.8%
195125,149+14.5%
196134,044+35.4%
197141,890+23.0%
198162,520+49.2%
199187,687+40.3%
2001119,412+36.2%
2011147,688+23.7%
Population history of Hajipur (1901-2011).
Source: [38]

Culturally and linguistically, Hajipur is similar to that of Patna. As per 2011 census Hajipur city has a population of 147,688, out of which males were 78,047 and females were 69,641. The literacy rate was 76.80 percent, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 82.45%, and female literacy is 70.47%. In Hajipur, 14.15% of the population was under six years of age, a total of 20,899 with 11,090 boys while 9,809 are girls. The sex ratio of 892 females per 1,000 males was lower than the national average of 944 and Child sex ratio of girls is 884 per 1000 boys.[4][38]

<div style="border:solid transparent;background-color: initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;

Languages of Hajipur (2011)[39]

  Maithili (25.10%)
  Hindi (69.88%)
  Urdu (4.80%)
  Others (0.22%)

Residents of Hajipur are referred to by the demonym Hajipurian. Hindi is the main language of the city, also the official language of the Bihar state but many other languages are spoken too. The native dialect is Maithili, named after Mithila, the ancient name of North Bihar is most widely spoken. English is also spoken by Hajipurians, and other widely spoken dialects and languages include Maithili, Bajjika, Urdu and Angika.[40][6]

Religions in Hajipur (2011)[4]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
85.84%
Islam
13.86%
Christianity
0.13%
Buddhism
0.04%
Sikhism
0.02%
Jainism
0.01%
Others
0.10%

Economy

The economy of Hajipur is largely service orientated, but it also has an agricultural base and industrial sector. As of 2011, service accounts for 55%, industry 9%, and agriculture 35% of the economy of the city.[41][42]

There is a dedicated industrial area in Hajipur apart from Export Promotion Park of India, Hajipur(EPIP), maintained by Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority—(BIADA)[43] in an area of 150 acres where many Big Brands of FMCG & Agro-based companies like Pepsico, Britannia, HUL, Godrej, Anmol, Sudha, Wayss Ice Cream, Bansal, Treat, Avon Cycle, etc. have their manufacturing units. There are several upcoming construction projects from private and public sectors with three new bridges connecting to Patna.[44][45] The Export Promotion Industrial Park, is a multiple-product export processing zone in East India developed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the Government of Bihar and by the administrative body BIADA located in Hajipur, In the administrative Vaishali district, has 94 acres (38 ha; 0.147 sq mi) of land with modern infrastructure.[46][47]

Places of interest

Ramchaura Mandir

The Ramchaura Mandir is a Hindu Temple in the city of Hajipur, Bihar. Dedicated to Lord Ram. As per local folklore, it is said to have been in existence since the Ramayana period and Shri Ram is believed to have visited this place on his way to Janakpur, where his footprints are worshiped.[48] The Ramchaura Mandir has a tradition of celebrating Rama Navami, on the birth anniversary of Shri Rama. A small fair is also organised on the eve of Rama Navami. Archeological objects excavated from Ramchaura are kept at the Patna Museum.[49][50]

Pataleshwar Mandir

Dedicated to Lord Shiva, Pataleshwar Mandir is located at Hajipur. Since, the ancient period Shiva is believed to be in the form of Lingam here. The worship of the Shiva-Linga originated from the famous hymn in the Atharva-Veda Samhita sung in praise of the Yupa-Stambha.[51]

Kaunhaara Ghat

Lord Vishnu with Gaja and Graah

It is considered one of the main ghats of Ganga—Gandak, where worshiping and cremation has been performed for centuries. This ghat received its name based on an ancient legend. According to this legend, "The famous fight of Gaja (elephant)-Graah (crocodile), which is well covered in Indian scriptures, is the reason behind people asking -kaun haara. Hence the name- Kaunhara ghat. Scriptures tell that Lord Vishnu had to interfere in the fight to save his devotee Gajaraj, who was being drowned by a crocodile. Both Gaja and Graah were gandharvas. But due to some curse, they became Gaja and Graah. Lord Vishnu killed Graah to give him instant salvation, and saved the life Of Gajaraj." The depiction of fighting Gaja—Graah is an emblem for the city and is prominently shown on the Hajipur railway station's dome and other notable places.[52]

Jami Masjid

Jami Masjid

Jami Masjid is one of the states' oldest mosques erected in 1587 AD during the Mughal rule by Makhsus Shah, the contemporary governor of Bihar Sharif according to Akbarnamah.[53] The remarkable monument is a spectacular example of Indo-Persian architecture, the central dome being larger than the others.[54]

Sonepur Cattle Fair

Located opposite Hajipur is a place of Sonepur where the forty-night-long Sonepur Cattle Fair is held every year starting from Kartik full moon day. The place goes lively at the onset of winter with the mass holy deep in river Gandak by Hindu at Kaun—haara Ghat.[55] Being claimed as the biggest animal fair in Asia. Government of Bihar's Department of Rural Development, Department of Agriculture organises training and exhibitions.[56] The visitors can stay in hotels at Hajipur or they can hire luxury Swiss cottages erected on sand dunes beside river Gandak.[57][58][59] The tent and cottages are provided by Department of State Tourism.[60][61][62]

Vaishali Mahotsava

The ancient village of Vaishali is located 35 km North—West of Hajipur. The place can be reached by road and offers many archaeological places to see which includes Buddha Stupa, Pillars of Ashoka, Abhishek Puskarani (coronation Tank of Vajjika rulers). Vaishali Mahotsava is held every year on Baisakh Purnima (Full Moon Day of 1st Hindu Month) during mid-April to celebrate the birth anniversary of 24th Jain TirthankarMahavir who was born here in the village Kundalpur, 4 km from Vaishali. The soil of this land is blessed by the visit of Buddha twice during the 3rd century BC.[63][64][65]

Museums

Deep Narayan Singh Museum[66] was established in 1979.[67]

Education

Research and management

Colleges

Raj Narain College,[71] Jamuni Lal College,[72] Deo Chand College, Vaishali Mahila College, Intermediate Women's College, Chaurasia Raj Kishore College,[73] JaiPrakash Evening Intermediate College,[74] Maitreya College of Education and Management,[75] Licchavi College of Teacher's Training,[76] Maa Tara Institute of Health technology and Management,[77] R.S. Sharda Devi Education College,[78] Bihar College of Education,[79] Bihar Industrial Training Centre,[80] District Institute of Education and Training.[81]

Schools

Schools in Hajipur are either government run schools or private schools . The schools are affiliated to Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB), the All-India Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) or the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) boards. Hindi and English are the primary languages of instruction.[82] Some top Schools are — G.A Inter School, Kendriya Vidyalaya,[83] St. Paul's High School,[84] St. Georgia Girls' School,[85] Indian Public School,[86] Surajdeo Memorial School,[87] Delhi Public School.[88]

Notable people

Freedom Fighter

Sports Person

Writer

Politicians

Sports

Transport and connectivity

Hajipur city has a modern railway zonal office.[102] It is the headquarters of the East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways.[103][104][105] Hajipur Junction is directly connected to most of the major cities in India. Public transportation is provided for by buses, auto rickshaws and local trains. BSRTC has started city bus service on Hajipur via Patna.[106][107] Luxury bus service in Hajipur running via NH-31 connects several neighbouring cities is provided by the Bihar State Road Transport Corporation.[108] Auto rickshaws are a popular mode of transportation.[109] App based cab service is available.[110]

Asia's longest river bridge, the Mahatma Gandhi Setu (built 1982), is in Hajipur and connects the city to Patna across the Ganga.[111] The four lane prestressed RCC bridge was commissioned into service during the year 1982. Travellers get an enthralling experience and panoramic view of lush green banana plantations.[112][113]

The city is primarily served by Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Patna (PAT)[114] - which is just 21.2 km (13.2 miles) SW or an hour drive from Hajipur.

Hajipur is connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. Hajipur is well connected with roads to various major cities of Bihar like Patna, Sonpur, Vaishali, Muzaffarpur, Samastipur, and Chhapra. The major highways are-

Media

Hindi and English newspapers are easily available in the city, including Dainik Jagran, Hindustan, Prabhat Khabar, Dainik Bhaskar, The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, The Economic Times and The Indian Express. There is also the Hindi and English mixed newspaper tabloid Inext.[120][121][122]

TV programming is provided by regional news channels like Zee Bihar, Kashish News, Sahara Samay Channel, News18 Bihar,[123] DD Bihar.[124] There are several news programmes broadcast by local cable operators in city areas and all renowned channels are broadcast in each corner of the city areas.[125][126]

Hajipur has the following FM radio stations—

Private FM stations (Patna)

No. Name Frequency Language
01Radio City91.1 FMHindi
02Red FM93.5 FMHindi
03Big FM95.0 FMHindi & Bhojpuri
04Radio Mirchi98.3 FMHindi

Utility services

Electricity supply to the city is regulated and distributed by the Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited.[129] The city gets electricity from North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited which is controlled by Bihar State Electricity Board.[130][131][132]

Direct–to–home (DTH) is available via DD Free Dish, Airtel digital TV, Dish TV, Tata Play, d2h, Sun Direct and Independent TV and all Cable operators.[133][134][135]

Hajipur has its own home network of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. Both Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile services are available.[136] Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides broadband internet service.[137] Among private enterprises, Bharti Airtel, Reliance Jio, Vodafone Idea and Tata Teleservices[138] are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city.[139][140][141]

See also

References

  1. "Hajipur city is also known as Gateway to North Bihar". Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022. livehindustan.com
  2. "Urban Development & Housing Department website (Government of Bihar)". Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022. nagarseva.bihar.gov.in
  3. "Sangeeta kumari elected as Mayor of Hajipur city".
  4. "Geography and demographics details of Hajipur" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2021. nagarseva.bihar.gov.in access date—2021
  5. "Area of Hajipur city excluding Rural area i.e, 137.27Km2 as of (2011) and Urban Population details of Hajipur and Rural population was 296,288 as of (2011)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015. Page-24 PDF censusindia.gov.in access date-2011
  6. "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2021. nclm.nic.in
  7. Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias (25 September 2017). Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-026128-8.
  8. "International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (Hajipur)". Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2015. maps-streetview.com
  9. "Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012. censusindia.gov.in
  10. "Vaishali district is also known as hajipur district". Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2015. gov.bih.nic.in
  11. Chowdhury, Kavita (8 May 2014). "District rank in Bihar in terms of growth". Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2015. business-standard.com
  12. "Banana scarcity in Hajipur on Chhath eve". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2019. timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  13. "CDP Patna" (PDF). Infrastructure Professionals Enterprise (P) Ltd., C - 2, Green Park Extension, New Delhi – 110016, INDIA. PATNA — Urban Development Department. July 2006. pp. 20, 21 (area) 52 (metropolis), 31 (geography). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  14. "Growth goes west, south & green Master plan to add more areas". The Telegraph (Calcutta). 13 February 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015. telegraphindia.com
  15. Pranav Chaudhary (31 August 2014). "Patna population likely to be over 60 lakh by 2031". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2015. timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  16. "About Mahatma Gandhi Setu infrastructure". Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018. economictimes.indiatimes.com
  17. "Longest River Bridge in India — Mahatma Gandhi Setu — Longest River Bridge in World". thecolorsofindia. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012. thecolorsofindia.com
  18. "Express-train cheer for rail bridge". Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. telegraphindia
  19. "Bridge opening boon for north Bihar link". Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. telegraphindia
  20. "Patna master plan gets committee push". Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. telegraphindia.com
  21. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Hajipur". Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Jul. 2014, Hajipur. Accessed 10 June 2021.
  22. "City Development Plan For Patna". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021. timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  23. "New Delhi, Patna best cities to start business: World Bank". The Times of India. PTI. 30 June 2009. Archived from the original on 16 May 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2011. timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  24. "Ancient name of hajipur is Haripur". 11 January 2017. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2021. punjabkesari.in
  25. "About ancient name of hajipur". Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021. outlookhindi.com
  26. Prajñā-bhāratī. Vol. 6. K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute. 1992. pp. 175–178.
  27. "About history of hajipur". Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021. vaishali.nic.in
  28. "Hajipur is the land of Amrapali". Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022. jlcollegehajipur.ac.in
  29. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hajipur". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 827.
  30. Coordinates of Hajipur city Archived 15 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine Falling Rain Genomics, Inc
  31. Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Archived from the original on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011. statoids.com
  32. Gammon India Limited. Archived 17 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine gammonindia.com
  33. "How to reach Sonpur Town?". Explore Bihar. Archived from the original on 25 November 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013. explorebihar.in
  34. "Barela Lake Salim Ali Zubba Saheni | WILD BIHAR | Bihar". wildbihar. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021. wildbihar.org
  35. Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: Bihar". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011. oldwww.wii.gov.in
  36. Climate, Region and Plantation details of Hajipur city Archived 19 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine ecourts.gov.in
  37. Details about the climate, temperature, rainfall, annual averages, and precipitation of Hajipur/Monthly mean maximum & minimum temperature data, averages and precipitation for climate variables for Hajipur Archived 17 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine en.climate-data.org
  38. "Historical populations of Hajipur from 1901- 2011" (PDF). NGRBA-DPR. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2010. moef.nic.in
  39. "2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue". Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  40. "Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). censusindia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  41. CDP-Hajipur-PDF(Page-1) Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine urban.bih.nic.in
  42. "Decision of PCC Meeting held" (PDF). BIHAR INDUSTRIAL AREA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY. 26 August 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  43. About Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority (BIADA) maintaining Export Promotion Park of Hajipur city biadabihar.in
  44. CDP-Patna PDF-(Page-|,||) Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine urban.bih.nic.in
  45. "The eight under glare". Telegraphindia.com. 26 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  46. "Information on Bihar development, resource mobilisation, capacity building through". Bihardevelopment.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  47. "BIADA rates much lower, Opposition seeks probe". Indian Express. 25 July 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
  48. "Ramchaura Mandir details". Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021. nativeplanet.com
  49. About Ramchaura Mandir Archived 19 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine buddhisttoursindia.com
  50. "President calls for research on artists". The Times of India. 31 May 2003. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014.
  51. About Pataleshwar nath Mandir, Hajipur Archived 7 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine nativeplanet.com
  52. Kaunhara Ghat celebrations Archived 4 February 2013 at archive.today travelspedia.com
  53. Illustration from the Akbarnama: History of Akbar Archived 2009-09-19 at the Wayback Machine Art Institute of Chicago artic.edu
  54. "Jami Masjid Hajipur". state.bihar.gov.in. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021. state.bihar.gov.in
  55. "World Famous Sonepur Cattle Fair to begin on November 16". Biharprabha News. Archived from the original on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2013. biharprabha.com
  56. About Sonepur cattle fair, Bihar, India Archived 2008-02-09 at the Wayback Machine indobase.com
  57. "Swiss cottages at Sonepur fair a tourist delight". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  58. "Swiss cottages to cost more". Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. telegraphindia.com
  59. "Foreign tourists line up for Sonepur fair Swiss cottages". Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. telegraphindia.com
  60. About Sonepur cattle fair Archived 2015-07-22 at the Wayback Machine bstdc.bih.nic.in
  61. "The gentle giants of Sonepur". Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. rediff.com
  62. "Sonepur fair losing its elephant charm". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  63. Vaishali Mahotsava- fair festival of bihar Archived 26 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine bharatonline.com
  64. Attraction of Hajipur, Vaishali Archived 2015-07-22 at the Wayback Machine bstdc.bih.nic.in
  65. Janice Leoshko (2017). Sacred Traces: British Explorations of Buddhism in South Asia. Taylor & Francis. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-351-55030-7. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  66. "Bihar State Museums". Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021. state.bihar.gov.in
  67. "Buddhist Circuit of Bihar". buddhistcircuitbihar.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  68. Institute of Hotel Management-Hajipur Official website Archived 25 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine ihmhajipur.net
  69. "National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, HAJIPUR". Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021. niperhajipur.ac.in
  70. "Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Hajipur". Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021. cipet.gov.in
  71. Official website of Raj Narain College Hajipur Archived 23 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine rncollegehajipur.org
  72. J.L College, Hajipur Official website Archived 11 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine jamunilalcollege.in
  73. Chaurasia Raj Kishore College Official site Archived 23 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine crk-college.in
  74. JaiPrakash Evening Intermediate College Official site Archived 9 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine jpeic.in
  75. Maitreya College of Education and Management College Official site Archived 18 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine maitreyaedu.co.in
  76. Official website of Teacher's training college, Hajipur Archived 16 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine licchavicollege.com
  77. Maa Tara Institute Of Health technology & Management (MTIHTM) Archived 2 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine mtihtm.net
  78. R.S. Sharda Devi Education College Archived 20 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine rssdec.com
  79. Bihar college of education Archived 16 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine bc-edu.in
  80. "Bihar Industrial Training Centre". Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021. itibihar.com
  81. "District Institute of Education and Training ( DIET)". Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021. dietvaishali.in
  82. Dixon, Pauline (2013). International Aid and Private Schools for the Poor: Smiles, Miracles and Markets. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. p. 65. ISBN 9781781953457. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015.
  83. "Kendriya Vidyalaya, Hajipur". Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021. hajipur.kvs.ac.in
  84. Official website of St. Paul's High School Archived 1 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine spshajipur.co.in
  85. "St Georgia Girls' School". Archived from the original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021. stgeorgia.co.in
  86. Indian Public School, Hajipur Official website Archived 12 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine ipshajipur.org
  87. Official website of SurajDeo Memorial School Archived 22 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine surajdeomemorialschool.com
  88. "DPS Hajipur | Best School in Hajipur | Delhi public School". dpshajipur.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  89. Lalit, Kumar (2000). Shramikon Ke Hitaishi Neta, Itihas Purush: Basawon Singh (in Hindi). Patna: Bihar Hindi Granth Academy. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  90. Sheezan Nezami (5 September 2021). "Tokyo Paralympics: Polio-stricken Pramod Bhagat picked badminton to live his dream | Tokyo Paralympics News - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  91. Singh, Neelakshi (8 March 2010). Parindey ka intezaar Sa Kuchh. Harper Collins India Original. ISBN 9788172239565. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  92. SINGH, NEELAKSHI (2007). SHUDDHI PATRA. BHARTIYA JNANPITH. p. 192. ISBN 978-81-263-1632-8. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  93. "Awadhesh Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- HAJIPUR(VAISHALI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate". myneta.info. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  94. "Umesh Kushwaha becomes Bihar JD(U) chief succeeds Vashishtha Narayan Singh". UniIndia. Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  95. "Former MLA from Hajipur Assembly Constituency". www.elections.in. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  96. "RAGHUVANSH PRASAD SINGH : Bio, Political life, Family & Top stories". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  97. "Ram Vilas Paswan". Business Standard India. Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  98. "Ritu Jaiswal". ritujaiswal.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  99. About Akshaywat Rai Stadium (Kachhari maidan), hajipur Archived 2 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine timesofindia.com
  100. Information & Public Relation Department, Govt. of Bihar inviting quotation of planning and development department for Swatantrata Senani Basawan Singh Indoor Stadium Archived 2014-11-04 at the Wayback Machine prdbihar.in
  101. Mishra, Alok (24 April 2009). "Women outnumber men in Hajipur". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  102. Official website of East Central railway Archived 12 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine ecr.indianrailways.gov.in
  103. "Official Website of Sonpur Division of East Central Railway". Government of India. Archived from the original on 6 May 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012. sonpurrail.gov.in
  104. "Zones and their Divisions in Indian Railways" (PDF). Indian Railways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2016. indianrail.gov.in
  105. "Sonpur Railway Division" (PDF). Railway Board. Western Railway zone. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016. ecr.indianrailways.gov.in
  106. "Colourful buses start plying in Patna". The Times of India. 15 May 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012. articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  107. "AC city buses to ply from early August". The Times of India. 28 July 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012. articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  108. "Luxury bus service between Bihar and Jharkhand from Monday". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 11 December 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. thehindu.com
  109. "Patna: 23,000 auto-rickshaws on strike". NDTV. 1 September 2009. Archived from the original on 29 October 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2015. ndtv.com
  110. Piyush Kumar Tripathi, "Ola! City taps app & go habit" Archived 8 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, The Telegraph (Calcutta), 18 May 2016
  111. "Broken railings, vibrations make Patna's Gandhi Setu commuters' nightmare". The Times of India. 16 May 2015. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2015. timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  112. Mahatma Gandhi Setu details Archived 5 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine holidayiq.com
  113. "Gandhi Setu: An engineering marvel". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. timesofindia.indiatimes.com access date=2012-06-11
  114. "Patna airport set for a makeover in 3 years". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  115. "National Highway 31". Mapsofindia. Archived from the original on 4 February 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2010. mapsofindia.com
  116. CDP-Hajipur PDF (Urban Development and Housing Department) Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine urban.bih.nic.in
  117. Final report on State highway 74 - Road Construction Dept. Bihar state official website Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine rcd.bih.nic.in
  118. "Nitish blasts Centre over roads". The Telegraph. 5 April 2015. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2015. telegraphindia.com
  119. "Cabinet OKs new bridge on Ganga". The Times of India. 17 July 2015. Archived from the original on 9 September 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2015. timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  120. "inext bike athon bicycle marathon in patna on 1st december 2013 | Biharplus". Biharplus.in. Archived from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  121. Saha, Ananya (23 January 2014). "Dainik Bhaskar enters Bihar with edition in under-penetrated Patna". Campaignindia.in. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  122. "Newspapers in Patna". Go4patna.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  123. "BARC Ratings: ETV Telugu and Dangal TV rise to No.1 spot in Telugu and Bhojpuri markets". exchange4media.mobi. 26 October 2015. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
  124. Official website of DD Bihar channel Archived 14 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine ddbihar.org
  125. "TV viewership on a rise in India: Survey". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  126. Laghate, Gaurav (26 July 2018). "Indians are watching TV for 3 hour 44 minutes every day: BARC India". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  127. "AIR FM Rainbow details". allindiaradio.gov.in. Archived from the original on 29 October 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  128. "50 not out, delight in Patna AIR". The Times of India. 29 December 2009. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  129. "Bihar State Electricity Board unbundled into five companies – Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  130. Hajipur electricity supply comes under North Bihar power distribution company limited nbpdcl.co.in
  131. "North Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited- At a glance". nbpdcl.in. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
  132. Additional power supply to light up more areas in Bihar this year | Business Line Archived 28 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine thehindubusinessline.com
  133. "Get set or go blank". Telegraphindia.com. 12 March 2013. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  134. "Cable TV digitization: Bihar govt to seek deadline extension — The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 4 April 2013. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  135. "Patnaites rush to get Set Top Box installed before Mar 31 – The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  136. "RCom launches 3G services in Bihar — The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  137. BSNL Bihar homepage Archived 10 April 2009 at the Library of Congress Web Archives 12 April 2014
  138. "Videocon to Launch 4G Mobile Services in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh by December". Press Trust of India. ndtv.com. 19 February 2015. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  139. "Bihar mobile users queue up for clarity". Telegraphindia.com. 4 February 2012. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  140. "Recommendations on national broadband plan" (PDF). Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. 8 December 2010. p. 22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  141. Piyush Kumar Tripathi (4 February 2012). "Bihar mobile users queue up for clarity". Telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.