Hannah (1849 shipwreck)

Hannah was transporting more Irish immigrants fleeing the famine from Warrenpoint and Newry[1] to Quebec City, when she sank in the Gulf of St. Lawrence on Sunday, 29 April 1849,[3][4] resulting in, as well as can be ascertained, 49 deaths.[5]

The Hannah set sail from Newry, Ireland on Tuesday, 3 April 1849 with a crew of 12 under its 23-year-old master, Curry Shaw,[6] transporting mainly agricultural labourers and their families.[3] The exact number of passengers is difficult to determine as the ship's list was lost, but it was around 180.[5] According to the documentary Famine and Shipwreck, An Irish Odyssey, ship's doctor William Graham later accused Shaw of several times slipping into the bunks of unmarried young women during the voyage.

The ship encountered "heavy winds, and a quantity of floating ice" on 27 April.[3] At 4 am on 29 April,[7] the Hannah struck a "reef of ice" which punched a hole in the hull.

When they found that there was no hope of saving the ship, Shaw ordered the ship's carpenter to hammer shut the after hatch, trapping the passengers below, but another seaman wrenched it open.[8] Shaw and his first and second officers then fled in the only lifeboat. Dr Graham asserted that he swam after them, but was held at bay by Shaw swinging a cutlass.[8]

The remaining crewmen helped the passengers onto an ice floe next to the bow.[3] The ship sank in 40 minutes. A strong gale was blowing, and there was sleet.[7] Some went down with the Hannah, others slipped and fell into the water, while some who did make it safely to the ice later perished from the cold. Ann McGinn (or McGenn) found and gathered together her six children, only to have them all perish.[8] John Murphy left his twin boys on the ice to search for his infant daughter. Miraculously, not only did he find her, but she survived being immersed in the frigid water.[8] Sadly, however, the ice holding his boys drifted away.[8] In all, 49 were ascertained to have died.[5]

The barque Nicaragua, under the command of Captain William Marshall, appeared the next day and picked up either 127 or 129[3] survivors. The Guardian of 11 June 1849 reported 49 dead and 127 rescued, a total of 176 – "the total number supposed to be embarked", but this may exclude the three officers who abandoned ship. The same article also lists 159 passengers and an unspecified number of daughters of an Ann Lennox. Captain Marshall compiled a slightly different list that includes ten passengers not found on the Guardian's tally and omits four that are.[5] Marshall later transferred a number of survivors to other ships: 28 to the barque Broom, 17 to the barque Lord Byron, 22 to the barque Aldebaran, and 20 to the Port of Glasgow. He arrived in Quebec City with the remainder on 10 or 14 May.[3] Dr Graham later died in a Quebec hospital.[8][9]

Shaw and the other two officers were rescued by the Margaret Pollock and reached Quebec.[1] The Ballina Chronicle reported that a charge was laid against the three "of their being guilty of one of the most revolting acts of inhumanity that can be conceived."[10] However, according to Famine and Shipwreck, An Irish Odyssey, Shaw successfully defended himself by casting doubt on the testimony of Graham and others, and escaped punishment.