Haplogroup M8
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup M8 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.[2][3]
| Haplogroup M8 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 34,400 YBP[1] |
| Possible place of origin | East Asia |
| Ancestor | M |
| Descendants | M8a, CZ |
| Defining mutations | A4715G C7196a G8584A A15487t T16298C[1] |
Origin
Haplogroup M8 is a descendant of haplogroup M. Haplogroup M8 is divided into subclades M8a, C and Z.
Distribution
It is an East Asian haplogroup. Today, haplogroup M8 is found at its highest frequency in indigenous populations of East Siberia such as Evenk and Yukaghir. Haplogroup M8 is one of the most common mtDNA haplogroups among Yakut, Tuvan. Haplogroup C, the most major one of three subclades is highly distributed among the Amerindian and Indigienous peoples of East Siberia. Haplogroup Z, the other one of three subclades is highly distributed among Even from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total), mtDNA Haplogroup M8a, not well known one of three subclades is highly distributed among Northern Han Chinese from Liaoning (16/317 = 5.0%).
Table of Frequencies by ethnic group
| Population | Frequency | Count | Source | Subclades |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yakut | 0.407 | 378 | Pakendorf 2006 | C=153, Z=1 |
| Mongolian | 0.277 | 47 | Jin 2009 | M8a=1, C=10, Z=2 |
| Xibe (Xinjiang) | 0.145 | 137 | C=13, Z=7 | |
| Han Chinese (Liaoning) | 0.120 | 317 | M8a=16, C=14, Z=8 | |
| Korean (Chungcheong) | 0.103 | 117 | - | |
| Han Chinese (Shandong) | 0.099 | 393 | M8a=8, C=14, Z=17 | |
| Han Chinese (Shanghai) | 0.097 | 51 | M8a=7, C=5, Z=2 | |
| Han Chinese (Henan) | 0.086 | 208 | M8a=9, C=7, Z=2 | |
| Korean (Gangwon) | 0.079 | 114 | - | |
| Manchurian | 0.075 | 40 | Jin 2009 | M8a=1, C=1, Z=1 |
| Korean (Gyeongsang) | 0.071 | 112 | - | |
| Korean (Seoul) | 0.067 | 134 | - | |
| Korean (Jeolla) | 0.059 | 118 | - | |
| Korean (Gwangju) | 0.033 | 60 | M8a=2 | |
| Japanese | 0.032 | 1312 | Tanaka 2004 | M8a=18, C=7, Z=17 |
| Vietnamese | 0.029 | 35 | - | |
| Han Chinese (South) | 0.026 | 78 | - | |
| Korean (Jeju Island) | 0.009 | 113 | - | |
| Okinawan | 0.003 | 326 | Umetsu 2005 | CZ=1 |
| Taiwan Aboriginal | 0.000 | 640 | Trejaut 2005 | - |
| Philippines | 0.000 | 59 | Tajima 2004 | - |
Subclades
Haplogroup C, the most major one of three subclades is highly distributed among the Amerindian and Indigienous peoples of East Siberia. Haplogroup Z, the other one of three subclades is highly distributed among Even from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total), mtDNA Haplogroup M8a, not well known one of three subclades is highly distributed among Northern Han Chinese from Liaoning (16/317 = 5.0%).
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup M8 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[1] and subsequent published research.
- M8
- M8a
- M8a1 - Ulch
- M8a1a - Japanese
- M8a2'3
- M8a2 - Japanese, Han Chinese
- M8a2-a* - Japanese,Russia
- M8a2a'b (T152C!) - Japanese
- M8a2a - Han Chinese
- M8a2a1 - Japanese, Han Chinese(Hunan)
- M8a2a1a1
- M8a2a1b
- M8a2a1c - Japanese
- M8a2a1 - Japanese, Han Chinese(Hunan)
- M8a2b - Japanese,Han Chinese(Shandong)
- M8a2b1
- M8a2b2 - Russia
- M8a2a - Han Chinese
- M8a2c - Japanese, Han Chinese
- M8a2d - Han Chinese
- M8a2e - Ami(Taiwan Aborigines),Han Chinese(Taiwan)
- M8a2a'b (T152C!) - Japanese
- M8a3 - Japanese, Han Chinese
- M8a3a - Han Chinese
- M8a3a1 - Han Chinese
- M8a3a - Han Chinese
- M8a1 - Ulch
- CZ
- C
- C1
- C1a - Ulch, Swedish
- C1b - Amerindian
- C1b1
- C1b2
- C1b3
- C1b4
- C1b5
- C1b5a
- C1b5b
- C1b6
- C1b7'10 (T16311C!)
- C1b7
- C1b7a
- C1b10
- C1b7
- C1b8
- C1b9
- C1b11
- C1b12
- C1b13
- C1b13a
- C1b13a1
- C1b13b
- C1b13c
- C1b13c1
- C1b13d
- C1b13e
- C1b13a
- C1b14
- C1c - Amerindian
- C1c1
- C1c1a
- C1c1b
- C1c2
- C1c3
- C1c4
- C1c5
- C1c6'7
- C1c6
- C1c7
- C1c8
- C1c1
- C1d - Amerindian
- C1d1
- C1d1a
- C1d1a1
- C1d1b
- C1d1b1
- C1d1c
- C1d1c1
- C1d1d
- C1d1a
- C1d2
- C1d2a
- C1d3
- C1d1
- C1e - Amerindian
- C1f - Amerindian
- C4 - Siberian, Mongolian, Han Chinese
- C4a'b'c
- C4a
- C4a1
- C4a1a
- C4a1a1
- C4a1a1a
- C4a1a2'3'4
- C4a1a2
- C4a1a2a
- C4a1a3
- C4a1a3a
- C4a1a3a1
- C4a1a3b
- C4a1a3c
- C4a1a3d
- C4a1a3a
- C4a1a4
- C4a1a4a
- C4a1a2
- C4a1a5
- C4a1a6
- C4a1a1
- C4a1a
- C4a2
- C4a2a
- C4a2a1
- C4a2a1a
- C4a2a1b
- C4a2a1
- C4a2b
- C4a2b1
- C4a2b2
- C4a2b2a
- C4a2c
- C4a2c1
- C4a2c2
- C4a2c2a
- C4a2a
- C4a1
- C4b
- C4b1
- C4b1a
- C4b1b
- C4b2
- C4b2a
- C4b3
- C4b3a
- C4b3a1
- C4b3b
- C4b3a
- C4b5
- C4b6
- C4b7
- C4b8
- C4b8a
- C4b1
- C4c
- C4c1
- C4c1a
- C4c1b
- C4c2
- C4c1
- C4a
- C4d'e
- C4d
- C4e
- C5 - Siberian, Mongolian, Han Chinese
- C5a
- C5a1
- C5a2
- C5a2a
- C5a2b
- C5a2b1
- C5b
- C5b1
- C5b1a
- C5b1a1
- C5b1b
- C5b1b1
- C5b1a
- C5b1
- C5c'd
- C5c
- C5c1
- C5c1a
- C5c1
- C5d
- C5d1
- C5d2
- C5c
- C5a
- C7 - Han Chinese, Indo-China Penisulan
- C7a
- C7a1
- C7a1a
- C7a1a1
- C7a1a2
- C7a1c
- C7a1d
- C7a1a
- C7a2
- C7a2a
- C7a1
- C7b
- C7a
- C4a'b'c
- Z
- Z1'2'3'4'7
- Z1 - Tofalar
- Z1a - Tubalar
- Z1a1
- Z1a1a - Saami, Kets
- Z1a1b - Nganasan, Estonian
- Z1a2 - Ulch
- Z1a2a - Nivkh
- Z1a3 - Yakuts, Estonian
- Z1a1
- Z1a - Tubalar
- Z2 - Japanese
- Z3 - Japanese
- Z1 - Tofalar
- Z1'2'3'4'7
- C1
- Z3a
- Z3a1
- Z3a1a - Han Chinese, Indian
- Z3a2 - Indian
- Z3a1
- Z3b - Indian
- Z3c - Persian(Iranian), Japanese
- Z3d - Han Chinese, Taiwanese
- Z4 - Han Chinese
- Z4a - Japanese
- Z4a1 - Han Chinese
- Z4a1a
- Z4a1a1 - Japanese
- Z4a1a
- Z4a1 - Han Chinese
- Z4a - Japanese
- Z7 - Indian
- Z4 - Han Chinese
- Z5 - Japanese
- C
- M8a
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup C (mtDNA).
- Genealogical DNA test
- Genetic Genealogy
- Human mitochondrial genetics
- Population Genetics
- Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
- Indigenous American genetic studies
|
Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitochondrial Eve (L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1–6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | O | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HV | JT | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
- "Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier plot of haplogroup D4 and M8. A: Kaplan-Meier..." ResearchGate. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
- "Figure 2: Phylogenetic network of C, Z and M8 HVR1 sequences revealed..." ResearchGate. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
Bibliography
- Gómez-Carballa, Alberto; Catelli, Laura (November 12, 2015). "The complete mitogenome of a 500-year-old Inca child mummy". Scientific Reports. 5: 16462. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516462G. doi:10.1038/srep16462. PMC 4642457. PMID 26561991.
- Jin, Han-Jun; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Kim, Wook (2009). Batzer, Mark A (ed.). "The Peopling of Korea Revealed by Analyses of Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosomal Markers". PLOS ONE. 4 (1): e4210. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.4210J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004210. PMC 2615218. PMID 19148289.
- Pakendorf, Brigitte; Novgorodov, Innokentij N.; Osakovskij, Vladimir L.; Danilova, Al’bina P.; Protod’jakonov, Artur P.; Stoneking, Mark (October 2006). "Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts". Human Genetics. 120 (3): 334–353. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2.
- Atsushi Tajima; et al. (March 2, 2004). "Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages". Journal of Human Genetics. 49 (4): 187–193. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0131-x. OCLC 110247689. PMID 14997363.
- Tanaka, Masashi; Cabrera, Vicente M.; González, Ana M.; Larruga, José M.; Takeyasu, Takeshi; Fuku, Noriyuki; Guo, Li-Jun; Hirose, Raita; Fujita, Yasunori; Kurata, Miyuki; Shinoda, Ken-ichi; Umetsu, Kazuo; Yamada, Yoshiji; Oshida, Yoshiharu; Sato, Yuzo; Hattori, Nobutaka; Mizuno, Yoshikuni; Arai, Yasumichi; Hirose, Nobuyoshi; Ohta, Shigeo; Ogawa, Osamu; Tanaka, Yasushi; Kawamori, Ryuzo; Shamoto-Nagai, Masayo; Maruyama, Wakako; Shimokata, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Ryota; Shimodaira, Hidetoshi (October 2004). "Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Eastern Asia and the Peopling of Japan". Genome Research. 14 (10a): 1832–1850. doi:10.1101/gr.2286304. PMC 524407.
- Trejaut, Jean A.; Kivisild, Toomas; Loo, Jun Hun; Lee, Chien Liang; He, Chun Lin; Hsu, Chia Jung; Lee, Zheng Yuan; Lin, Marie (2005). "Traces of Archaic Mitochondrial Lineages Persist in Austronesian-Speaking Formosan Populations". PLOS Biology. 3 (8). e247. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030247. PMC 1166350. PMID 15984912.
- Umetsu, Kazuo; Tanaka, Masashi; Yuasa, Isao; et al. (2005). "Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations". Electrophoresis. 26 (1): 91–98. doi:10.1002/elps.200406129. PMID 15624129. S2CID 44989190.
External links
- General
- 47z TAT's blog
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site Archived 2011-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
- Haplogroup C
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