Hurricane Cindy (1959)

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

Map key

Saffir–Simpson scale

  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown

Storm type

Tropical cyclone

Subtropical cyclone

Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Cindy can be attributed to a deepening low-pressure area that tracked from the Great Lakes as a related cold front traveled southeastward and became stationary over the Atlantic, extending from northern Florida to Bermuda. On July 5, the front spawned a separate cut-off cold-core low off the coast of the Carolinas. This complex scenario resulted in the formation of a tropical depression later during the day, which slowly meandered north-northeastward.[1][2] Tropical cyclones of this origin typically remain at a small size and evolve slowly, and Cindy complied to this pattern.[1]

Convection began to increase on July 6, supported on the basis that many showers were observed to the north of the depression. An anticyclone—a large mass of air rotating clockwise—intensified within the depression's vicinity, resulting in a tighter pressure gradient and increasing winds to the north of the center of the depression.[1] The depression intensified into Tropical Storm Cindy early on July 7,[2] and a reconnaissance flight into the storm late during the afternoon observed maximum sustained winds of 60–65 mph (97–105 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 997 mbar (hPa; 29.44 inHg).[1] Cindy began to curve westward late on July 7 as it reached peak intensity, with a minimum central pressure of 996 mbar (hPa; 29.41 inHg),[3] and drifted due west early on July 8 as a result of a maturing surface high to its north.[4] Steady intensification continued throughout the day, and the storm attained hurricane status during the morning of July 8.[2]

At approximately 2:45 UTC on July 9,[1] the hurricane made landfall near McClellanville, South Carolina.[5] Shortly thereafter, Cindy began re-curving northwestward along the Fall Line,[4] and eventually weakened to a tropical depression. The depression abruptly turned toward the east-northeast over North Carolina during the afternoon hours of July 9. Cindy then began to accelerate as it curved slightly towards the northeast, and eventually regained tropical storm status late on July 10 as it emerged into the Atlantic. Cindy scraped the southern fringe of the Delmarva Peninsula near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay at approximately 00:00 UTC on July 11, and rapidly traveled northeastward during the day. Cindy passed over Cape Cod near the mid-morning of July 11,[2] during which a series of shortwave troughs passed near the storm, producing high-level outflow that helped Cindy maintain intensity.[1] Later on July 11, Cindy moved ashore in New Brunswick and made landfall over Prince Edward Island the following day. The storm subsequently moved over Quebec and Labrador,[6] where it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.[2]

Rainfall produced by Hurricane Cindy

Cindy prompted a hurricane watch and gale warnings for areas extending from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Charleston, South Carolina,[7] and a hurricane warning for areas between Beaufort and Georgetown, South Carolina, on July 8.[5] A preliminary alert was issued for naval and marine areas in the Carolinas from Norfolk, Virginia.[8] Special forecasts from the Weather Bureau office in Columbia, South Carolina were activated on the radio at 16:50 UTC on July 8.[9] Several thousand people evacuated in areas of South Carolina, including Folly Beach, Sullivan's Island, Isle of Palms, and Pawleys Island.[10][11] The issuance of an emergency flood forecast for Columbia, South Carolina occurred as a result of Cindy.[9]

The highest rainfall total measured was 9.79 inches (249 mm) in Winnsboro, South Carolina, although unofficial sources east of Columbia, South Carolina, measured rainfall totals of up to 15 inches (380 mm).[9][12] Tides ranged from 1 to 4 feet (0.30 to 1.22 m) above normal.[5][13] A total of eleven tornadoes were reported in association with Cindy.[14] Only one direct death was caused by Cindy,[15] in addition to five indirect deaths.[16] Little damage was attributed to the hurricane, other than downed tree limbs and broken windows.[17] Damage from Cindy was estimated at $75,000 (1959 USD).[1]

Elsewhere

One of the tornadoes at Nags Head

As Cindy moved inland, tornadoes touched down in North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland along the outer bands of the storm.[22] A tornado was observed near Nags Head around 17:40 UTC on July 10, and a second was observed 25 minutes later. Both tornadoes caused minimal damage – the first damaged four buildings and the second uprooted trees and toppled power poles. In addition, two waterspouts were noted offshore North Carolina, of which one was near New Topsail Beach in the mid-morning of July 8 and another near Sneads Ferry. No damage was reported from the waterspouts.[23]

Prior to the storm's landfall in the Carolinas, tides at Wilmington, North Carolina, were 2 feet (0.61 m) above normal;[7] tides were near the same level at other areas of the southern fringes of North Carolina.[23] In New England, five indirect deaths resulted from traffic accidents on highways as a result of the slippery conditions on roads wrought by Cindy's rains. At Boston, 2.37 inches (60 mm) of rainfall was measured, while 2.85 inches (72 mm) fell at Bedford.[16] Between the cities of Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Eastport, Maine, tides were 1 to 3 feet (0.30 to 0.91 m) above normal.[13] Rainfall in the Mid-Atlantic peaked at 8.43 inches (214 mm) at Belleplain State Forest in New Jersey, while rainfall in New England peaked at 3.85 inches (98 mm) at Lake Konomoc, Connecticut.[24][25] Rainfall was also recorded in Georgia, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.[4]

Most impacts in Canada occurred after the hurricane transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. Cindy brought strong winds and downpours along the coast of Nova Scotia. Many small vessels sought safety, but the ship Lady Godiva sank near North West Arm; the two people on board were later rescued. No damage was reported on the island itself. In New Brunswick, up to 2 inches (51 mm) of rainfall was produced by Cindy, although no damage is known to have been reported.[6]

• List of United States hurricanes
• List of New England hurricanes
• Other storms with the same name