Hurricane Lester (1998)

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

Map key

Saffir–Simpson scale

  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown

Storm type

Tropical cyclone

Subtropical cyclone

Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 29, 1998, and on October 5, an area of convection along the wave developed into Atlantic Hurricane Lisa. The wave axis continued westward, and after crossing Central America a low-level circulation developed on October 13, about 170 miles (270 km) south of the border between El Salvador and Guatemala. The system drifted northwestward, and as convection increased around the center a banding featured began to develop. At 0000 UTC on October 15, the National Hurricane Center designated it as Tropical Depression Fourteen-E.[1] The depression contained a large envelope of convective activity, and under favorable conditions including warm water, low vertical wind shear and good outflow, it gradually began to intensify.[2] Initially, the exact direction of forward movement was somewhat uncertain, although a northwestward track was predicted.[3] On the morning of October 15, visible satellite imagery suggested that the center of circulation was located northeast of the previous estimates.[4] Thunderstorm activity organized close to the center by 1400 UTC,[5] and by 1800 UTC the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Lester.[1]

Shortly thereafter, the storm took a slight jog to the west,[6] and at the same time outflow became restricted to the southwest of the circulation.[7] At 1400 UTC on October 16, data from a Reconnaissance Aircraft confirmed that the storm had attained hurricane intensity with a minimum central pressure of 992 mb.[8] The first signs of an eye began to appear embedded within a ring of deep convection by early on October 17, while moving west-northwest at about 6 mph (9.7 km/h).[9] Shortly after, the hurricane became nearly stationary due to a shortwave which passed north of the system,[1] shortly before reaching Category 2 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.[10] Early on October 18, the eye began to wobble slightly and the ring of cold cloud tops were showing signs of disorganization, slowing further intensification for several hours.[11] At 1400 UTC, Lester's winds increased to 100 mph (160 km/h) and the storm made its closest approach to land on October 18, about 70 miles (110 km) south of Puerto Angel, Oaxaca.[1] Later that day, it weakened to Category 1 status,[12] although quickly re-intensified.[13]

Vertical wind shear associated with a mid-to-upper-level low pressure system developed and began to affect the storm's circulation on October 19, thus weakening it slightly.[14] However, early on October 20 the hurricane regained organization and once again intensified.[1] Lester strengthened to reach a peak intensity of 115 mph (185 km/h) on October 22, about 355 miles (571 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Colima. Coinciding with its peak intensity, a shortwave trough caused Lester to stall before turning to the southwest and weakening.[1] At 0200 UTC on October 23 Lester rapidly lost deep convection, and weakened to Category 1 status.[1] Later that morning, the storm was downgraded to a tropical storm while tracking southwest.[15] By October 24, the low-level center of circulation became exposed from the cloud structure,[16] and at 0000 UTC on October 26, Lester had degenerated into a tropical depression, about 500 miles (800 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula, shortly before dissipating.[1]

Rainfall totals provided by the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center

In anticipation of the storm, the government of Mexico issued a hurricane warning from Puerto Arista to Punta Maldonaldo and later from Salina Cruz to Acapulco. A tropical storm warning was also issued from Sipacate, Guatemala to Puerto Arista, Mexico.[1] The threat of the hurricane prompted officials to order the evacuation of 3,000 people along the southern coast of Mexico to 500 emergency shelters.[17]

The storm dropped heavy rainfall across southwestern Guatemala. Up to 9 inches (230 mm) of rainfall was reported in localized areas along the Pacific coast of the country. Moisture brought around the northeast periphery of the Sierra Madre Occidental led to a narrow band of heavy rainfall along the upslope side of the mountain range, with a local precipitation maximum exceeding 14 inches (360 mm).[18] It is reported that tropical-storm-force winds occurred along coastal areas of southern Mexico.[1] The rainfall destroyed some houses and killed numerous livestock, and triggered a mudslide which killed two children.[19][20][21] In Honduras, rainfall from Lester destroyed a bridge which affected transportation for about 1,000 people.[22] Heavy rainfall was reported in Chiapas, causing moderate river flooding though no reported damage.[17]

• Other tropical cyclones name Lester
• List of Pacific hurricanes

• National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report