Indiana's 1st congressional district
Indiana's 1st congressional district is an electoral district for the U.S. Congress in Northwestern Indiana. The district is based in Gary and its surrounding suburbs and exurbs. It consists of all of Lake and Porter counties, as well as most of the western part La Porte County, on the border with Michigan. Redistricting passed by the Indiana General Assembly in 2011 shifted the district's boundaries, effective January 2013, to include all of Lake and Porter counties and the western and northwestern townships of La Porte County, while moving Benton, Jasper and Newton counties out of the district.
Indiana's 1st congressional district | |||
---|---|---|---|
Representative |
| ||
Area | 2,209.37 sq mi (5,722.2 km2) | ||
Distribution |
| ||
Population (2022) | 755,538 | ||
Median household income | $69,580[1] | ||
Ethnicity |
| ||
Cook PVI | D+3[2] |
The district is currently represented by Democrat Frank J. Mrvan. He was sworn in on January 3, 2021.
The district's character is very different from the rest of Indiana. It includes almost all of the Indiana side of the Chicago metropolitan area. While Porter and LaPorte are swing counties, Lake County is heavily Democratic. Lake County contains two-thirds of the district's population, which is enough to make the 1st a relatively safe Democratic seat. The district has not elected a Republican to Congress in 94 years, making it one of the longest continuously Democratic districts in the nation. Among Indiana's congressional districts, only the Indianapolis-based 7th District is more Democratic.
Election results from presidential races
Year | Office | Result |
---|---|---|
2000 | President | Al Gore 56 - George W. Bush 42% |
2004 | President | John Kerry 55 - George W. Bush 44% |
2008 | President | Barack Obama 63.3 - John McCain 35.8% |
2012 | President | Barack Obama 61.2 - Mitt Romney 37.4% |
2016 | President | Hillary Clinton 54.1 - Donald Trump 41.5% |
2020 | President | Joe Biden 53.6 - Donald Trump 44.8% |
List of members representing the district
Composition
# | County | Seat | Population |
---|---|---|---|
89 | Lake | Crown Point | 498,700 |
127 | Porter | Valparaiso | 173,215 |
- 91 LaPorte County exists in both the 1st and 2nd Congressional districts. One city, La Porte, exists in the 1st and 2nd congressional districts, and two cities, Michigan City and New Durham, exist in the 1st congressional district. Five townships, Clinton, Clinton, Dewey, New Durham, and Springfield exists in the 1st congressional district, and eleven townships, Hanna, Hudson, Johnson, Lincoln, Noble, Pleasant, Prairie, Scipio, Union, Washington, and Wills exist in the 2nd congressional district.
As of 2021, Indiana's 1st congressional district is composed of Lake (pop. 496,005) and Porter (pop. 164,343) counties as well as part of LaPorte County (pop. 111,467), which is also partly within Indiana's 2nd district. Michigan City and five townships (Clinton, Coolspring, Dewey, New Durham, and Springfield) exist entirely in the 1st district. La Porte and eleven townships (Hanna, Hudson, Johnson, Lincoln, Noble, Pleasant, Prairie, Scipio, Union, Washington, and Wills) are split between the 1st and 2nd districts by Indiana West 500N and Indiana South/North 600W.
Cities of 10,000 or more people
- Hammond - 80,830
- Gary - 80,294
- Portage - 36,828
- Valparaiso - 31,730
- Michigan City - 31,479
- Crown Point - 27,317
- East Chicago - 29,698
- Hobart - 29,059
- Lake Station - 12,572
Towns of 10,000 or more people
- Cedar Lake - 11,560
- Dyer - 16,390
- Griffith - 16,893
- Highland - 23,727
- Merrillville - 35,246
- Munster - 23,603
- Schererville - 29,243
- St. John-14,850
- Chesterton - 13,068
Election results
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ratliff Boon | 4,281 | 42.1 | |
Independent | Jacob Call | 3,222 | 31.7 | |
Anti-Jacksonian | Thomas H. Blake | 2,661 | 26.2 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-Jacksonian | Thomas H. Blake | 5,223 | 43.0 | |
Democratic | Ratliff Boon | 5,202 | 42.8 | |
Independent | Lawrence S. Shuler | 1,723 | 14.2 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ratliff Boon | 7,272 | 52.2 | |
Anti-Jacksonian | Thomas H. Blake | 6,671 | 47.8 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ratliff Boon | 11,280 | 50.9 | |
Democratic | John Law | 10,868 | 49.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ratliff Boon | 3,973 | 50.6 | |
Independent | Dennis Pennington | 1,120 | 14.3 | |
Independent | Robert M. Evans | 1,069 | 13.6 | |
Independent | James R. E. Goodlet | 788 | 10.0 | |
Independent | Seth M. Levenworth | 611 | 7.8 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ratliff Boon | 4,028 | 51.4 | |
Whig | John G. Clendenin | 3,815 | 48.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ratliff Boon | 4,534 | 50.4 | |
Whig | John Pitcher | 4,467 | 49.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | George H. Proffit | 6,008 | 53.5 | |
Democratic | Robert Dale Owen | 5,229 | 46.5 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Joseph Trumbull | 5,142 | 57.1 | |
Democratic | Thomas Seymour | 3,867 | 42.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Robert Dale Owen | 6,679 | 52.2 | |
Whig | John W. Payne | 6,127 | 47.8 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Robert Dale Owen | 7,336 | 53.7 | |
Whig | George P. R. Wilson | 6,331 | 46.3 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Elisha Embree | 7,446 | 51.4 | |
Democratic | Robert Dale Owen | 7,054 | 48.7 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Nathaniel Albertson | 8,271 | 52.1 | |
Whig | Elisha Embree | 7,598 | 47.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | James Lockhart | 8,173 | 51.0 | |
Whig | Lemuel Debruler | 7,855 | 49.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Smith Miller | 9,007 | 59.0 | |
Whig | Kea | 9,007 | 51.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Smith Miller | 9,864 | 52.2 | |
Know Nothing | Hall | 9,051 | 47.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | James Lockhart | 12,747 | 61.5 | |
Republican | James C. Veatch | 7,977 | 38.5 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William E. Niblack | 10,329 | ||
Republican | Alvin P. Hovey | 8,946 | 46.4 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Law | 13,476 | 55.7 | |
Republican | Lemuel Debruler | 10,731 | 44.3 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Law | 11,963 | 53.1 | |
National Union | Johnson | 10,583 | 46.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William E. Niblack | 14,718 | 53.9 | |
National Union | Cyrus M. Allen | 112,616 | 46.2 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William E. Niblack | 17,255 | 52.0 | |
Republican | Lemuel Debruler | 15,905 | 48.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William E. Niblack | 18,116 | 52.1 | |
Republican | James Veatch | 16,631 | 47.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William E. Niblack | 17,577 | 53.4 | |
Republican | Hy C. Goodling | 15,327 | 46.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William E. Niblack | 19,259 | 50.2 | |
Republican | Heilman | 19,127 | 49.8 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Benoni S. Fuller | 12,864 | 50.7 | |
Republican | Heilman | 12,527 | 49.3 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Benoni S. Fuller | 14,727 | 50.6 | |
Republican | C. A. Debruler | 13,158 | 45.2 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | William Heilman | 13,928 | 48.7 | |
Democratic | Thomas E. Garvin | 13,928 | 48.7 | |
Greenback | Thomas F. Drebruler | 1,595 | 5.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | William Heilman | 17,719 | 49.4 | |
Democratic | John Kleiner | 17,420 | 48.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John Kleiner | 18,048 | 51.6 | |
Republican | William Heilman | 16,399 | 46.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John J. Kleiner | 19,930 | 51.5 | |
Republican | William H. Gudgel | 18,493 | 47.8 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Alvin P. Hovey | 18,258 | 49.0 | |
Democratic | J. E. McCullough | 16,901 | 45.4 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William F. Parrett | 20,647 | 49.3 | |
Republican | Frank B. Posey | 20,627 | 49.3 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William F. Parrett | 17,730 | 50.4 | |
Republican | James S. Wright | 16,875 | 48.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Arthur H. Taylor | 19,720 | 47.4 | |
Republican | A. P. Twineham | 19,266 | 46.3 | |
Populist | Moses Smith | 2,110 | 5.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | James A. Hemenway | 20,535 | 47.8 | |
Democratic | Arthur H. Taylor | 18,245 | 42.5 | |
Populist | James A. Boyce | 3,820 | 8.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | James A. Hemenway | 21,807 | 49.6 | |
Democratic | Thomas Duncan | 20,856 | 47.4 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | James A. Hemenway | 20,383 | 50.7 | |
Democratic | Thomas Duncan | 19,337 | 48.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | James A. Hemenway | 22,262 | 49.7 | |
Democratic | Alfred Dale Owen | 22,060 | 49.3 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | James A. Hemenway | 21,542 | 52.0 | |
Democratic | John W. Spencer | 17,833 | 43.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | James A. Hemenway | 23,158 | 51.1 | |
Democratic | Albert G. Holcomb | 19,399 | 42.8 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | James H. Foster | 20c278 | 50.0 | |
Democratic | Gusatvus V. Menzies | 18,959 | 46.7 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John W. Boehne | 23,054 | 48.3 | |
Republican | John H. Foster | 22,965 | 48.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John W. Boehne | 22,420 | 52.3 | |
Republican | Francis B. Posey | 18,606 | 43.4 |
\
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Charles Lieb | 20,014 | 45.7 | |
Republican | D.H. Ortmeyer | 13,158 | 30.0 | |
Progressive | Humphrey C. Heidt | 6,022 | 13.7 | |
Socialist | William H Rainey | 3,737 | 8.5 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Charles Lieb | 20,488 | 46.6 | |
Republican | S. Wallace Cook | 17,661 | 40.1 | |
Progressive | U.H Seider | 3,519 | 8.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | George K. Denton | 23,278 | 48.1 | |
Republican | S. Wallace Cook | 22,955 | 47.4 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Oscar R. Luhring | 20,440 | 52.0 | |
Democratic | George K. Denton | 18,837 | 48.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Oscar R. Luhring | 44,694 | 51.7 | |
Democratic | William E. Wilson | 36,834 | 42.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William . Wilson | 42,797 | 53.6 | |
Republican | Oscar . Luhring | 36,835 | 44.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Harry E. Rowbottom | 48,203 | 52.1 | |
Democratic | William E. Wilson | 44,335 | 47.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Harry E. Rowbottom | 37,503 | 52.4 | |
Democratic | William E. Wilson | 34,061 | 47.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Harry E. Rowbottom | 49,013 | 50.8 | |
Democratic | John W. Boehne Jr. | 47,404 | 49.2 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | John W. Boehne Jr. | 46,836 | 53.9 | |
Republican | Harry E. Rowbottom | 40,015 | 46.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William T. Schulte | 45,473 | 50.0 | |
Republican | Oscar A. Ahlgren | 42,575 | 46.8 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William T. Schulte | 44,983 | 53.5 | |
Republican | E. Miles Norton | 38,531 | 45.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William T. Schulte | 68,210 | 66.4 | |
Republican | Fred F. Schultx | 24,259 | 33.3 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William T.Schulte | 56,630 | 54.9 | |
Republican | M. Elliott Belshaw | 46,370 | 45.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | William T. Schulte | 71,606 | 60.8 | |
Republican | Elliot Belshaw | 45,947 | 39.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 44,334 | 53.6 | |
Republican | Samuel W. Cullison | 38,450 | 48.5 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 75,635 | 61.3 | |
Republican | Otto G. Fifield | 46,969 | 38.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 51,809 | 51.9 | |
Republican | Charles W. Gannon | 46,677 | 48.8 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 78,898 | 60.7 | |
Republican | Theodore L. Sendak | 50,194 | 38.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 62,666 | 52.6 | |
Republican | Paul Cyr | 56,063 | 47.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 93,187 | 56.4 | |
Republican | Elliot Belshaw | 71,617 | 43.3 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 81,217 | 61.4 | |
Republican | Robert H. More | 50,439 | 38.2 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 93,658 | 52.6 | |
Republican | Donald K. Stimson Jr. | 84,125 | 47.2 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 95,801 | 66.4 | |
Republican | Edward P. Keck | 47,588 | 33.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 136,443 | 64.7 | |
Republican | Phillip P. Parker | 73,984 | 35.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 104,212 | 60.5 | |
Republican | Harold Moody | 67,230 | 39.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 133,089 | 63.7 | |
Republican | Arthur Endres | 75,226 | 36.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 71,040 | 58.3 | |
Republican | Albert F. Harrigan | 50,804 | 41.7 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 90,055 | 56.7 | |
Republican | Donalrd E. Taylor | 68,318 | 43.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 73,145 | 65.6 | |
Republican | Eugene M. Kirtland | 38,294 | 34.4 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 95,873 | 56.9 | |
Republican | Bruce R. Haller | 72,662 | 43.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Ray J. Madden | 71,759 | 68.6 | |
Republican | Joseph D. Harkin | 32,793 | 31.4 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Adam Benjamin Jr. | 121,155 | 71.3 | |
Republican | Robert J. Billings | 48,756 | 31.7 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Adam Benjamin Jr. | 72,367 | 80.2% | |
Republican | Robert J. Billings | 17,419 | 19.3 | |
U.S. Labor | Christopher Martinson | 384 | 0.4% |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Adam Benjamin Jr. | 112,016 | 72.0% | |
Republican | Joseph Douglas Harkin | 43,537 | 28.0% |
2002
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pete Visclosky (Incumbent) | 90,443 | 66.94% | |
Republican | Mark J. Leyva | 41,909 | 31.02% | |
Libertarian | Timothy P. Brennan | 2,759 | 2.04% | |
Total votes | 135,111 | 100.00% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold | ||||
2004
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pete Visclosky (Incumbent) | 178,406 | 68.29% | |
Republican | Mark J. Leyva | 82,858 | 31.71% | |
Total votes | 261,264 | 100.00% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold | ||||
2006
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pete Visclosky (Incumbent) | 104,195 | 69.65% | |
Republican | Mark J. Leyva | 40,146 | 26.83% | |
Independent | Chuck Barman | 5,266 | 3.52% | |
Total votes | 149,607 | 100.00% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold | ||||
2008
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pete Visclosky (Incumbent) | 199,954 | 70.90% | |
Republican | Mark J. Leyva | 76,647 | 27.18% | |
Libertarian | Jeff Duensing | 5,421 | 1.92% | |
Total votes | 282,022 | 100.00% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold | ||||
2010
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pete Visclosky (Incumbent) | 99,387 | 58.56% | |
Republican | Mark J. Leyva | 65,558 | 38.63% | |
Libertarian | Jon Morris | 4,762 | 2.81% | |
Total votes | 169,707 | 100.00% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold | ||||
Recent elections
2012
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pete Visclosky (Incumbent) | 187,743 | 67.28% | |
Republican | Joel Phelps | 91,291 | 32.72% | |
Total votes | 279,034 | 100.00% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold | ||||
2014
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pete Visclosky (Incumbent) | 86,579 | 60.85% | |
Republican | Mark Leyva | 51,000 | 35.84% | |
Libertarian | Donna Dunn | 4,714 | 3.31% | |
Independent | James Johnson Jr. (Write-in) | 0 | 0.00% | |
Total votes | 142,293 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic hold | ||||
2016
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pete Visclosky (Incumbent) | 207,514 | 81.51% | |
Libertarian | Donna Dunn | 47,051 | 18.48% | |
Independent | John Meyer | 17 | 0.00% | |
Total votes | 254,583 | 100.00% | ||
Democratic hold | ||||
2018
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Pete Visclosky (Incumbent) | 159,611 | 65.1% | |
Republican | Mark Leyva | 85,594 | 34.9% | |
Independent | Jonathan S. Kleinman (write-in) | 4 | 0.0% | |
Total votes | 245,209 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold | ||||
2020
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Frank J. Mrvan | 185,180 | 56.6% | |
Republican | Mark Leyva | 132,247 | 40.5% | |
Libertarian | Edward Michael Strauss | 9,521 | 2.9% | |
Total votes | 326,948 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold | ||||
2022
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Frank J. Mrvan | 112,539 | 52.8% | |
Republican | Jennifer Ruth-Green | 100,486 | 47.2% | |
Total votes | 213,025 | 100.0% | ||
Democratic hold | ||||
Notes
- Supported the Jackson faction in the 1824 presidential election
References
- "My Congressional District".
- "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". The Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 545
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 548
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 551
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 556
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 560
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 564
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 568
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 572
- Congressional Quarterly
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 578
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 582
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 585
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 589
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 593
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 595
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 598
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 601
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 605
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 607
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 610
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 616
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 619
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 623
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 626
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 630
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 634
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 638
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 642
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 646
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 650
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 654
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 658
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 662
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 667
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 672
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 677
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 682
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 687
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 690
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 696
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 693
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 702
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 710
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 718
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 723
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 729
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 736
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 741
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 747
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 751
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 756
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 761
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 766
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 771
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 776
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 781
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 786
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 791
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 801
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 806
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 811
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 816
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 821
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 826
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 831
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 836
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 842
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 847
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 852
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 857
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 862
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 867
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 872
- Congressional Quarterly, p. 877
- "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER, 2, 1976" (PDF). clerk.house.gov.
- "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIALAND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER, 7, 1978" (PDF). clerk.house.gov.
- "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIALAND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 4, 1980" (PDF). clerk.house.gov.
- "Election Results". Indiana Elections Division. November 28, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
- "Secretary of State : Election Division: Election Results". in.gov. March 11, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
- Congressional Quarterly's Guide to US Elections. Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1975. ISBN 0-87187-072-X.