Indotyphlus

Indotyphlus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Gymnophiona
Clade:	Apoda
Family:	Grandisoniidae
Genus:	Indotyphlus; Taylor, 1960
Type species
	Indotyphlus battersbyi; Taylor, 1960
Species
	2 species (see text)

Indotyphlus is a small genus of caecilians in the family Grandisoniidae.[1][2][3] As caecilians in general, they superficially resemble earthworms.[3] The genus is endemic to the Western Ghats, India.[1][4][5] They are sometimes known as Battersby's caecilians.[1]

Description

Indotyphlus are small caecilians, with the largest specimen (a female Indotyphlus battersbyi) measuring 24 cm (9.4 in) in total length.[5] The eyes are visible in sockets, instead of under bone.[3][4][5] Other diagnostic characters are absence of temporal fossae, mesethmoid not being exposed dorsally, presence of splenial teeth, secondary grooves, and scales, tentacular opening that is closer to the eye than to the external nostril, no unsegmented terminal shield, smallish narial plugs on tongue, absence of diastema between vomerine and palatine teeth, and absence of terminal keel.[4][5]

Development is probably direct, without aquatic larvae.[5]

Habitat

The genus is unusual among caecilians in that both species have been recorded from relatively open, shallow-soiled areas with long dry season.[5]

Species

The genus contains two species:[1][2][6]

Binomial name and author	Common name
Indotyphlus battersbyi Taylor, 1960	Battersby's caecilian
Indotyphlus maharashtraensis Giri, Wilkinson, and Gower, 2004	Humbarli caecilian, Maharashtra caecilian

References

Frost, Darrel R. "Indotyphlus Taylor, 1960". Amphibian Species of the World, an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
"Grandisoniidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 447, 454.
Nussbaum, Ronald A. & Wilkinson, Mark (1989). "On the classification and phylogeny of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), a critical review". Herpetological Monographs. 3: 1–42. doi:10.2307/1466984. JSTOR 1466984.
Giri, V. B.; M. Wilkinson & D. J. Gower (2004). "A new species of Indotyphlus Taylor (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from the Western Ghats, India" (PDF). Zootaxa. 739: 1–19. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.739.1.1.
"Indotyphlus Taylor, 1960". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.

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[ASW6-1] Frost, Darrel R. "Indotyphlus Taylor, 1960". Amphibian Species of the World, an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Retrieved 17 March 2022.

[Amphibiaweb-2] "Grandisoniidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 17 March 2022.

[Vitt_and_Caldwell_2014-3] Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 447, 454.

[Nussbaum_and_Wilkinson_1989-4] Nussbaum, Ronald A. & Wilkinson, Mark (1989). "On the classification and phylogeny of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), a critical review". Herpetological Monographs. 3: 1–42. doi:10.2307/1466984. JSTOR 1466984.

[Giri_et_al._2004-5] Giri, V. B.; M. Wilkinson & D. J. Gower (2004). "A new species of Indotyphlus Taylor (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from the Western Ghats, India" (PDF). Zootaxa. 739: 1–19. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.739.1.1.

[6] "Indotyphlus Taylor, 1960". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.