Geographical distribution of Italian speakers

This article details the geographical distribution of speakers of the Italian language, regardless of the legislative status within the countries where it is spoken. In addition to the Italian-speaking area in Europe, Italian-speaking minorities are present in few countries.

Statistics

Native and non-native speakers by country
Country Native speakers (L1) Total speakers (L1+L2)
Absolute % Year Reference Speakers % Year Reference
 Albania 523 0.02% 2011 [1] 799,414 27.8% 2016 [2][note 1][note 2]
 Australia 290,328 1.24% 2016 [3][note 3]
 Austria 10,742 0.13% 2001 [4] 790,249 9.4% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
 Argentina 1,359,791 3.48% 2006 [7]
 Belgium 190,816 1.72% 2012 [8][note 4] 580,667 5.24% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
 Canada 375,635 1.08% 2016 [9] 574,725 1.67% 2016 [9]
 Colombia 122,901 0.30% 2005 [10][note 5]
 Croatia 18,573 0.43% 2011 [11]
 Cyprus 28,961 3.36% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
 Finland 2,857 0.05% 2018 [12]
 Estonia 4,319 0.33% 2011 [13]
 France 655,961 1.03% 2007 [14][note 4] 3,237,620 5.11% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
 Germany 632,903 0.76% 2010 [15][note 4] 2,536,126 3.16% 2012 [16][17][note 4]
 Greece 375,096 3.38% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
 Ireland 14,505 0.31% 2016 [18]
 Italy 57,490,841 96.8% 2012 [8][note 4] 58,213,202 98.01% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
 Libya 22,530 0.40% / [19]
 Liechtenstein 570 1.51% 2015 [20]
 Luxembourg 13,896 2.92% 2011 [21] 28,561 6.22% 2011 [22]
 Malta 2,267 0.54% 2012 [8][note 4] 171,576 41.34% 2011 [23][note 5]
 Other EU27 countries (only total speakers) 1,060,589 1.15% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
 Monaco 8,172 21.9% 2016 [24]
 New Zealand 8,214 0.22% 2018 [25][note 5]
 Poland 10,295 0.03% 2011 [26] 707,987 1.86% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
 Portugal 9,411 0.09% 2012 [8][note 4]
 Romania 2,949 0.02% 2011 [27] 1,493,378 7.44% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
 Russia 1,013 0.001% 2010 [28] 83,202 0.06% 2010 [29]
 San Marino 25,000 85.5% 2004 [30]
 Slovenia 5,972 0.31% 2002 [31] 249,408 12.13% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
 South Africa 5,768 0.01% 1996 [29]
 Spain111,9190.24%2016[32][note 4] 1,128,417 2.41% 2012 [5][6][note 4]
  Switzerland 693,813 8.18% 2017 [33][note 5] 1,277,411 15.5% 2014 [34][35]
 Tunisia 32,021 0.3% 2011 [36]
 Uruguay 21,077 1.1% 2019 [37] 178,794 9.6% 2019 [37]
 United Kingdom 102,248 0.16% 2011 [29] 1,335,739 2.1% 2012 [38][39][note 4]
 United States 677,455 0.21% 2016 [40][note 5] 3,820,442 1.21% 2013 [41][note 5]
 Venezuela 600,000 2.58% 2010 [42]
Total (partial) 61,599,306 81,187,113

Subnational territories
TerritoryCountryL1 speakersPercentageYearReference
Catalonia  Spain 201,200 3.2% 2018 [43]
Istria County Croatia14,2056.8%2011[44]
Uusimaa Finland1,8000.11%2018[45]
South Tyrol Italy141,300[note 6]27.4%2014[46]
Piran Slovenia1,1747.0%2002[31]
Izola Slovenia6204.3%2002[31]
Koper Slovenia1,0592.2%2002[31]
Grigioni   Switzerland 27,813 13.9% 2020 [47]
Ticino  Switzerland267,61788.8%2016[48]
England United Kingdom92,2410.17%2011[49]

Unspecified
Country Absolute % Source
 Brazil 4,050,000 2.07% [50]
 Argentina 1,500,000 3.7% [51]
 United Kingdom 255,423 0.17% [52][53]
 Spain 143,389 0.31% [52]
 Venezuela 132,758 0.42% [52]
 Uruguay 94,442 2.74% [52][54]
 Chile 56,834 0.32% [52]
 Netherlands 39,519 0.23% [52]
 South Africa 33,716 0.06% [52]
 Peru 32,362 0.10% [52]
 Austria 27,178 0.31% [52][55]
 Mexico 16,200 0.2% [52]
 Japan 6,900 0.01% [56]

Europe
Knowledge of Italian according to EU statistics

Italian is an official language of Italy and San Marino and is spoken fluently by the majority of the countries' populations. Italian is also used in administration and official documents in Vatican City.[57]

In central-east Europe Italian is first in Montenegro, second in Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, and Ukraine after English, and third in Hungary, Romania and Russia after English and German.[58] But throughout the world, Italian is the fifth most taught foreign language, after English, French, German, and Spanish.[59]

In the European Union statistics, Italian is spoken as a native language by 13% of the EU population, or 65 million people,[60] mainly in Italy. In the EU, it is spoken as a second language by 3% of the EU population, or 14 million people. Among EU states, the percentage of people able to speak Italian well enough to have a conversation is 66% in Malta, 15% in Slovenia, 14% in Croatia, 8% in Austria, 5% in France and Luxembourg, and 4% in the former West Germany, Greece, Cyprus, and Romania.[61]

Albania

In Albania, it is one of the most spoken languages. This is due to the strong historical ties between Italy and Albania but also the Albanian communities in Italy, and the 19,000 Italians living in Albania.[62] It is reported as high as 70% of the Albanian adult population has some form of knowledge of Italian. Furthermore, the Albanian government has pushed to make Italian a compulsory second language in schools.[63] Today, Italian is the third most spoken language in the country after Albanian and Greek.

The Italian language is well-known and studied in Albania,[64] another non-EU member, due to its historical ties and geographical proximity to Italy and to the diffusion of Italian television in the country.[65]

Croatia, Slovenia and Montenegro

Italian formerly had official status in Montenegro (because of the Venetian Albania), and in parts of Slovenia and Croatia (because of the Venetian Istria and Venetian Dalmatia). Italian language in Slovenia is an officially recognized minority language in the country.[66] The official census, carried out in 2002, reported 2,258 ethnic Italians (Istrian Italians) in Slovenia (0.11% of the total population).[67] Italian language in Croatia is an official minority language in the country, with many schools and public announcements published in both languages.[66] The 2001 census in Croatia reported 19,636 ethnic Italians (Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians) in the country (some 0.42% of the total population).[68] Their numbers dropped dramatically after World War II following the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus, which caused the emigration of between 230,000 and 350,000 Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians.[69][70] Italian was the official language of the Republic of Ragusa from 1492 to 1807.[71]

France and Monaco

Italian is also spoken by a minority in Monaco and France, especially in the southeastern part of the country.[72][73] Italian was the official language in Savoy and in Nice until 1860, when they were both annexed by France under the Treaty of Turin, a development that triggered the "Niçard exodus", or the emigration of a quarter of the Niçard Italians to Italy,[74] and the Niçard Vespers. Giuseppe Garibaldi complained about the referendum that allowed France to annex Savoy and Nice, and a group of his followers (among the Italian Savoyards) took refuge in Italy in the following years. Corsica passed from the Republic of Genoa to France in 1769 after the Treaty of Versailles. Italian was the official language of Corsica until 1859.[75] Giuseppe Garibaldi called for the inclusion of the "Corsican Italians" within Italy when Rome was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy, but King Victor Emmanuel II did not agree to it. Today it is estimated that only 10% of Corsica's population speak the language natively, with 50% having some sort of proficiency in it. Italian is generally understood in Corsica by the population resident therein who speak Corsican, which is an Italo-Romance idiom similar to Tuscan.[76] Francization occurred in Nice and Corsica cases, and caused a near-disappearance of the Italian language as many of the Italian speakers in these areas migrated to Italy.[77][78] Ligurian is recognized as a regional language in the French department of the Alpes-Maritimes, furthermore, there is an autochthonous Italian population dating from the Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia, which controlled the area until 1860, the year the Treaty of Turin entered into force, regardless the more recent Italian immigrants of the twentieth century.[79] Italian was the official language in Monaco until 1860, when it was replaced by the French.[80] This was due to the annexation of the surrounding County of Nice to France following the Treaty of Turin (1860).[80]

Greece

Italian formerly had official status in parts of Greece (because of the Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands and by the Kingdom of Italy in the Dodecanese).

Malta

Italian is widely spoken in Malta, where nearly two-thirds of the population can speak it fluently.[81] Italian served as Malta's official language until 1934, when it was abolished by the British colonial administration amid strong local opposition.[82]

Switzerland

Italian is official, together with French, German and Romansch in Switzerland, with most of the 0.7 million speakers concentrated in the south of the country, in the cantons of Ticino and southern Grisons (predominately in Italian Grisons). Italian is the third most spoken language in Switzerland (after German and French), and its use has modestly declined since the 1970s.[83]

Africa

Due to heavy Italian influence during the Italian colonial period, Italian is still understood by some in former colonies.[84] Outside former colonies, Italian is also understood and spoken in Tunisia and Egypt by a small part of the population.[85]

Eritrea

In Eritrea, Italian is at times used in commerce and the capital city Asmara still has one Italian-language school. The official language of Eritrea, Tigrinya, has a number of words borrowed from Italian.[86]

Libya

Although it was the primary language in Libya since colonial rule, Italian greatly declined under the rule of Muammar Gaddafi, who expelled the Italian Libyan population and made Arabic the sole official language of the country.[87] Nevertheless, Italian continues to be used in economic sectors in Libya, and today it is the most spoken second language in the country.

Somalia

Italian was also introduced to Somalia through colonialism and was the sole official language of administration and education during the colonial period but fell out of use after government, educational and economic infrastructure were destroyed in the Somali Civil War. Italian is still understood by some elderly and other people. The official languages of the Somali Republic are Somali (Maay and Maxaatiri) and Arabic. The working languages during the Transitional Federal Government were Italian and English.[88]

Ethiopia

Italian is still spoken by few parts of the Ethiopian population (mostly among older generations) despite the brief period under Italian rule when compared with the other colonies, and it is taught in many schools (most notably the Istituto Statale Italiano Omnicomprensivo di Addis Abeba). Also, Ethiopian languages such as Amharic and Tigrinya have some words borrowed from the Italian language.[89][90]

Americas

Canada

In Canada, Italian is the second most spoken non-official language when varieties of Chinese are not grouped together, with over 660,000 speakers (or about 2.1% of the population) according to the 2006 Census.[91]

Costa Rica

In Costa Rica, Central America, Italian is one of the most important immigration community languages, after English. It is spoken in the southern area of the country in cities like San Vito and other communities of Coto Brus, near the south borderline with Panama.[92]

South America
Percentage of population born in Italy

Italian immigrants to South America have also brought a presence of the language to that continent. In Argentina about 63% of the population has Italian ancestry,[93] and Italian is the second most spoken language[94] after the official language of Spanish, with over 1 million (mainly of the older generation) speaking it at home. Italian has also influenced the dialect of Spanish spoken in Argentina and Uruguay, mostly in phonology, known as Rioplatense Spanish. Its impact can also be seen in the Portuguese prosody of the Brazilian state of São Paulo, which itself has 15 million Italian descendants.[95] Italian bilingual speakers can be found in the Southeast of Brazil as well as in the South. In Venezuela, Italian is the most spoken language after Spanish and Portuguese, with around 200,000 speakers.[96] Smaller Italian-speaking minorities on the continent are also found in Paraguay and Ecuador.

Also, variants of regional languages of Italy are used. Examples include the Talian dialect in Brazil, where it is officially a historic patrimony of Rio Grande do Sul; the Chipilo Venetian dialect in Mexico; and Cocoliche and Lunfardo in Argentina, especially in Buenos Aires.

United States
Distribution of the Italian language in the United States.

Although over 17 million Americans are of Italian descent, only around 709,000 people in the United States spoke Italian at home in 2013.[97] Nevertheless, an Italian language media market does exist in the country.[98] On the other hand, although technology allows for the Italian language to spread globally, there has been a decrease in the number of Italian speakers in the home in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the number of those speaking Italian at home in 1980 was 1,614,344. In 1990, those speaking Italian at home in the United States had dropped to 1,308,648. In 2000, the number of speakers decreased to 1,008,370, and finally, in 2010, it had plummeted to 725,223. The percent change from 1980 to 2010 was a negative 55.2.[99]

In the United States, Italian is the fourth most taught foreign language after Spanish, French, and German, in that order (or the fifth if American Sign Language is considered).[100]

Australia

In Australia, Italian is the second most spoken foreign language after Chinese, with 1.4% of the population speaking it as their home language.[101] The Italo-Australian dialect came into note in the 1970s by Italian linguist Tullio De Mauro.

Notes
    1. Percentage refers to people who specify Italian as the 'foreign language known better'.
    2. Based on a 2016 population of 2,875,592 (Albanian Institute of Statistics)
    3. The reported population size was obtained by projecting the responded percentage to the total population, since the source either included the part of the population who didn't answer or didn't take into account some parts of the population, for example children.
    4. Population data by Eurostat, using the source year. "The number of persons having their usual residence in a country on 1 January of the respective year". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
    5. The reported population size was obtained by projecting the respondent percentage to the total population, since the source either included the part of the population who didn't answer or didn't take into account some parts of the population, for example children.
    6. Based on a 2014 population of 515,714 (Statistiche demografiche ISTAT Archived 2014-10-30 at the Wayback Machine)

    References
    1. "1.1.15 Resident population by mother tongue by Mother tongue, Type and Year". INSTAT. 2011. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    2. "Press release of the Adult Education Survey" (PDF). 10 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
    3. "Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2018-11-08 – via ABS.stat.
    4. "Bevölkerung nach Umgangssprache und Staatsangehörigkeit" (PDF). Statistik Oesterreich. May 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2005. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
    5. "GESIS: ZACAT". zacat.gesis.org. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
    6. "GESIS: ZACAT". zacat.gesis.org. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
    7. "Página/12 :: Sociedad :: Los idiomas de los argentinos". www.pagina12.com.ar (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-12-30.
    8. "Eurobarometer 77.1 (Feb-Mar 2012) Robotics, Civil Protection, Humanitarian Aid, Smoking Habits, and Multilingualism". European Commission. February–March 2012 – via GESIS.
    9. Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-06-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    10. "R+::CEPAL/CELADE - R+SP WebServer". systema59.dane.gov.co. Retrieved 2019-04-07.
    11. "Central Bureau of Statistics". www.dzs.hr. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    12. "Language according to sex by municipality, 1990-2018". Statistics Finland. 31 December 2018. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    13. "Statistical Database". andmebaas.stat.ee. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
    14. "GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences". www.gesis.org. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
    15. Berlin, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) (2011-11-09). "KAT38 Occupation, Profession". Adult Education Survey (AES 2010 - Germany). GESIS Data Archive. doi:10.4232/1.10825.
    16. "GESIS: ZACAT". zacat.gesis.org. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
    17. "GESIS: ZACAT". zacat.gesis.org. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
    18. "Population Usually Resident and Present in the State who Speak a Language other than English or Irish at Home 2016 by Language Spoken". Central Statistics Office - Republic of Ireland. 2016.
    19. "L'Aménagement Linguistique dans le Monde". Archived from the original on 2009-04-26. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
    20. Amt fuer statistik - Fuerstentum Liechtenstein (2015). "Volkszählung 2015" (PDF).
    21. résultats, RP 2011-Premiers. "N° 17 La langue principale, celle que l'on maîtrise le mieux" (in French). Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    22. "Languages spoken at work, at school and/or at home on 1 February 2011". Statistics Portal - Luxembourg. 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 2018-04-22. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
    23. "Final Report of the 2011 Census" (PDF). National Statistics Office, Malta.
    24. Monaco, Gouvernement Princier de. "Results / Population census / Population and employment / IMSEE - Monaco IMSEE". www.monacostatistics.mc. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    25. "2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
    26. GUS. "Struktura narodowo-etniczna, językowa i wyznaniowa ludności Polski - NSP 2011". stat.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    27. "Rezultate | Recensamant 2011". www.recensamantromania.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    28. "Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку". gks.ru. Archived from the original on 2018-03-20. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
    29. "Population by language, sex and urban/rural residence". UNdata. Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
    30. "San Marino". Ethnologue.
    31. "Statistični urad RS - Popis 2002". www.stat.si. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    32. "INEbase / Society /Education and culture /Survey on the Involvement of the Adult Population in Learning Activities / Results/ Microdata". www.ine.es. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
    33. statistica, Ufficio federale di. "Lingue". www.bfs.admin.ch (in Italian). Retrieved 2019-03-16.
    34. statistica, Ufficio federale di (2016-10-05). "Persone secondo le lingue usate regolarmente con maggiore frequenza e la regione linguistica - 2014 | Diagramma". Ufficio federale di statistica (in Italian). Retrieved 2019-01-24.
    35. statistica, Ufficio federale di (2015-12-08). "La popolazione della Svizzera 2014 | Pubblicazione". Ufficio federale di statistica (in Italian). Retrieved 2019-01-24.
    36. "Data Analysis Tool – Arab Barometer". Retrieved 2020-10-11.
    37. "Encuesta Telefónica de Idiomas (ETI) 2019". Instituto Nacional de Estadística Instituto Nacional de Estadística - Uruguay. 2019. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020.
    38. "GESIS: ZACAT". zacat.gesis.org. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
    39. "GESIS: ZACAT". zacat.gesis.org. Retrieved 2019-01-24.
    40. "Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over". American FactFinder, factfinder.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. 2017. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
    41. "75% of Americans have no second language | YouGov". today.yougov.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-30. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
    42. "LENGUAS MINORITARIAS DE VENEZUELA: CONSIDERACIONES DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA ECOLINGÜÍSTICA" (PDF). Filología y Lingüística. 2010.
    43. "Enquesta d'usos lingüístics de la població 2018". Llengua catalana (in Catalan). Retrieved 2020-03-05.
    44. "Central Bureau of Statistics". www.dzs.hr. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    45. "Väestö 31.12. Muuttujina Maakunta, Kieli, Ikä, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot".
    46. "Südtiroler Sprachbarometer 2014". ASTAT. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
    47. "Sprache, Religion - 01 Bevölkerung". www.gr.ch. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
    48. "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung ab 15 Jahren nach Hauptsprachen, nach Kanton und Stadt - 2010-2016". Bundesamt für Statistik (in German). 31 January 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
    49. "2011 Census: Quick Statistics". Retrieved 17 May 2014.
    50. "Brazil". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 2018-07-17. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    51. "Argentina". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 2018-07-11. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
    52. "Anagrafe degli Italiani residenti all'estero" (PDF). Ministro dell'Interno (in Italian). 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-15. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
    53. "2011 Census: Quick Statistics". Archived from the original on 2014-08-25. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
    54. "Uruguay". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
    55. "Bevölkerung nach Umgangssprache und Staatsangehörigkeit" (PDF). Statistik Oesterreich. May 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2005. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
    56. "在留外国人 Diaspora in Japan". 総務省. Archived from the original on 2018-04-26. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
    57. The Vatican City State appendix to the Acta Apostolicae Sedis is entirely in Italian.
    58. "Dati e statistiche". Esteri.it. 2007-09-28. Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
    59. "Parte prima – Quadro generale". www.iic-colonia.de. Archived from the original on 2009-11-25. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
    60. "Eurobarometer – Europeans and their languages" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-04-30. Retrieved 2018-11-08. (485 KB), February 2006
    61. "Eurobarometer pool (2006), page 152" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-08-03. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
    62. "Italians looking for work in Albania – 19,000, says minister – Economy – ANSAMed.it". www.ansamed.info. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
    63. "Albanian government makes Italian an obligatory language in professional schools". www.balkaneu.com. February 2014. Archived from the original on 2018-08-09. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
    64. Longo, Maurizio (2007). "La lingua italiana in Albania" (PDF). Education et Sociétés Plurilingues (in Italian) (22): 51–56. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 28 July 2014. Today, even though for political reasons English is the most widely taught foreign language in Albanian schools, Italian is anyway the most widespread foreign language.
    65. Longo, Maurizio; Ademi, Esmeralda; Bulija, Mirjana (June 2010). "Una quantificazione della penetrazione della lingua italiana in Albania tramite la televisione (III)" [A quantification of the diffusion of the Italian language in Albania via television] (PDF). Education et Sociétés Plurilingues (in Italian) (28): 53–63. Archived from the original on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
    66. "La tutela delle minoranze linguistiche in Slovenia" (in Italian). Retrieved 5 June 2022.
    67. "Popis 2002". Retrieved 10 June 2017.
    68. "Državni Zavod za Statistiku" (in Croatian). Retrieved 10 June 2017.
    69. Thammy Evans & Rudolf Abraham (2013). Istria. p. 11. ISBN 9781841624457.
    70. James M. Markham (6 June 1987). "Election Opens Old Wounds in Trieste". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
    71. Lodge, R. Anthony; Pugh, Stefan (2007). Language contact and minority languages on the littorals of Europe. Logos Verlag. pp. 235–238. ISBN 9783832516444.
    72. "Society". Monaco-IQ Business Intelligence. Lydia Porter. 2007–2013. Archived from the original on 2013-08-15. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
    73. "France". Ethnologue. SIL International. 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-01-29. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
    74. ""Un nizzardo su quattro prese la via dell'esilio" in seguito all'unità d'Italia, dice lo scrittore Casalino Pierluigi" (in Italian). 28 August 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
    75. Abalain, Hervé, (2007) Le français et les langues historiques de la France, Éditions Jean-Paul Gisserot, p.113
    76. "Sardinian language, Encyclopedia Britannica".
    77. "Mediterraneo e lingua italiana" (in Italian). Retrieved 2 November 2021.
    78. "Dal Piemonte alla Francia: la perdita dell'identità nizzarda e savoiarda". 16 June 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
    79. Sumien (2009) = Sumien, Domergue. "Classificacion dei dialèctes occitans" Archived 2015-07-13 at the Wayback Machine, Lingüistica Occitana 7, Septembre de 2009, p. 1-44. ISSN
    80. "Il monegasco, una lingua che si studia a scuola ed è obbligatoria" (in Italian). Retrieved 6 June 2022.
    81. "Europeans and their Languages" (PDF). European Commission: Directorate General for Education and Culture and Directorate General Press and Communication. February 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-08-03. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
    82. Hull, Geoffrey, The Malta Language Question: A Case Study in Cultural Imperialism, Valletta: Said International, 1993.
    83. Lüdi, Georges; Werlen, Iwar (April 2005). "Recensement Fédéral de la Population 2000 — Le Paysage Linguistique en Suisse" (PDF) (in French, German, and Italian). Neuchâtel: Office fédéral de la statistique. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 November 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2006.
    84. Ethnologue report for language code:ita (Italy) Archived 2011-07-29 at the Wayback Machine – Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version
    85. McGuinness, Justin (1 November 2002). Footprint Tunisia Handbook: The Travel Guide. Globe Pequot Press. ISBN 978-1-903471-28-9. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
    86. "Scuola Italiana di Asmara (in Italian)". Scuoleasmara.it. Archived from the original on 2010-03-30. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
    87. "Italians plan to see Libya once again - International Herald Tribune". www.iht.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008.
    88. Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor, The Somalis: their history and culture, (Center for Applied Linguistics: 1993), p. 15.: "Somalis speak Somali. Many people also speak Arabic, and educated Somalis usually speak English. Swahili may also be spoken in coastal areas near Kenya."
    89. I prestiti italiani in amarico e tigrino, Yaqob Beyene
    90. Italianismi nel somalo e amarico
    91. "Statistics Canada 2006". 2.statcan.ca. 8 April 2010. Archived from the original on 2009-08-18. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
    92. Sansonetti V. (1995) Quemé mis naves en esta montaña: La colonización de la altiplanicie de Coto Brus y la fundación de San Vito de Java. Jiménez y Tanzi. San José, Costa Rica (in Spanish)
    93. Departamento de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza (14 November 2011). "Historias de inmigrantes italianos en Argentina" (in Spanish). infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar. Se estima que en la actualidad, el 90% de la población argentina tiene alguna ascendencia europea y que al menos 25 millones están relacionados con algún inmigrante de Italia.
    94. "Los segundos idiomas más hablados de Sudamérica | AméricaEconomía – El sitio de los negocios globales de América Latina". Americaeconomia.com. 2015-07-16. Archived from the original on 2015-10-19. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
    95. "Welsh". Ethnologue. 1999-02-19. Archived from the original on 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
    96. Bernasconi, Giulia (2012). "L'ITALIANO IN VENEZUELA". Italiano LinguaDue (in Italian). Università degli Studi di Milano. 3 (2): 20. doi:10.13130/2037-3597/1921. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 22 January 2017. L'italiano come lingua acquisita o riacquisita è largamente diffuso in Venezuela: recenti studi stimano circa 200.000 studenti di italiano nel Paese
    97. "Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and over: 2009-2013".
    98. "Newsletter". Netcapricorn.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
    99. Ryan, Camille (August 2013). "Language Use in the United States: 2011" (PDF). American Community Survey Reports 2013, ACS-22: 1–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-05. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
    100. "Languages Spoken and Learned in the United States". Vistawide.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
    101. "2011 Census QuickStats: Australia". Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2015-11-06. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.