James Broadwood Lyall

Sir James Broadwood Lyall GCIE KCSI (4 March 1838 – 4 December 1916) was a British administrator in the Imperial Civil Service who served as Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab between 1887 and 1892.

Sir James Broadwood Lyall
GCIE KCSI
Sir James Broadwood Lyall monument in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Lieutenant Governor of Punjab
In office
2 April 1887 – 5 March 1892
Governors GeneralThe Marquess of Dufferin and Ava
The Marquess of Lansdowne
Preceded bySir Charles Umpherston Aitchison
Succeeded bySir Dennis Fitzpatrick
Personal details
Born(1838-03-04)4 March 1838
England
Died4 December 1916(1916-12-04) (aged 78)
Eastry, Kent, England
Alma materHaileybury College

Background

James Lyall was born on 4 March 1838.[1] He was a son of Alfred Lyall and Mary Drummond.[2] His elder brother was Alfred Comyn Lyall, and his paternal uncles included a Dean of Canterbury, William Rowe Lyall, and a chairman of the British East India Company, George Lyall.[3] He was educated first at Eton College and then at Haileybury College.[1]

Imperial Civil Service

Career

He joined the Bengal Civil Service in 1857, arriving in India the following year. He served with the Punjab commission until the end of 1859 and went on to serve as the financial commissioner of the Punjab.[1] He was the first vice-chancellor of the University of the Punjab, a post to which he was appointed in October 1882.[4]

Between 1883 and 1887, Lyall served in southern India as the Resident in Mysore and Chief Commissioner of Coorg.[1] From 1887 to1892, Lyall was Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab.[1] He was appointed as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India in 1888.[5]

On 5 March 1892 he laid the foundation stone of the Khalsa College. Lyall rejected calls by some of its founders to name it Lyall Khalsa College in honour of his contribution in establishing the college.[6]

Canal Colonies

From 1882 Lyall was instrumental in formulating what would become known as the Triple Project, a bold plan to transform 6,000,000 acres (2,400,000 ha) of desert into agricultural land through the development of canal colonies.[7] As Lieutenant Governor he helped establish Lyallpur, one of the first planned cities in British India, as the headquarters of the Chenab Colony and which was named in his honour. Later a new district was created in the Colony, also named in his honour - Lyallpur district.[8][9][10]

Later life

Lyall was appointed as Knight Grand Commander of the Indian Empire in May 1892, after ending his tenure in the Punjab.[11] In 1893, he was appointed to the Royal Commission on Opium, which he thought was an official attempt to procrastinate in order to silence opposition to opium use and its trade. Lyall believed there was nothing untoward about moderate use of opium.[1] In 1898, he served as President of the Indian Famine Commission.[1]

He died on 4 December 1916 in Eastry, Kent and is buried in the local churchyard.

Publications

Lyall contributed a chapter on the Punjab to The British Empire series, published in 1899.[12]

References
  1. Winther, Paul C. (2003). Anglo-European Science and the Rhetoric of Empire: Malaria, Opium, and British Rule in India, 1756-1895. Lexington Books. pp. 135–137. ISBN 9780739112748.
  2. "Lyall, Sir Alfred Comyn James". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34641. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. Mittal, Satish Chandra (1995). India Distorted: A Study of British Historians on India. Vol. 2. M.D. Publications. p. 285. ISBN 978-8-17533-018-4.
  4. "University of the Punjab - Former Vice Chancellors". University of the Punjab. Archived from the original on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  5. "No. 9948". The Edinburgh Gazette. 5 June 1888. p. 574.
  6. Singh, Kashmir. “MANAGING COMMITTEE OF THE KHALSA COLLEGE AMRITSAR: ITS RELATIONS WITH BRITISH GOVERNMENT.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 44, 1983, pp. 392–398., www.jstor.org/stable/44139867. Accessed 6 Mar. 2021.
  7. Talbot, Ian A. (2007). "Punjab Under Colonialism: Order and Transformation in British India" (PDF). Journal of Punjab Studies. 14 (1): 3–10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2018.
  8. Douie, J. (1914). THE PUNJAB CANAL COLONIES. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 62(3210), 611-623. Retrieved March 5, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41341616
  9. "Brief History of Faisalabad". District Court of Faisalabad. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  10. "The City Faisalabad". Government College University Faisalabad. Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  11. "No. 10365". The Edinburgh Gazette. 27 May 1892. p. 678.
  12. "The Punjab". The British Empire Series. Vol. 1. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company, Limited. 1899. p. 202.
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